AMCON DISTRIBUTING CO

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

(a) Company Operations:

AMCON Distributing Company and Subsidiaries (“AMCON” or “the Company”) serves customers in 33 states and is primarily engaged in the wholesale distribution of consumer products in the Central, Rocky Mountain, Great Lakes, Mid-South and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

AMCON’s wholesale distribution business which includes our Team Sledd, LLC (“Team Sledd”) and Henry’s Foods, Inc. (“Henry’s) subsidiaries (“Wholesale Segment”), operates 13 distribution centers that sell over 20,000 different consumer products, including cigarettes and tobacco products, candy and other confectionery, beverages, groceries, paper products, health and beauty care products, frozen and refrigerated products and institutional foodservice products. The Company distributes products primarily to retailers such as convenience stores, discount and general merchandise stores, grocery stores, drug stores, and gas stations. In addition, the Company services institutional customers, including restaurants and bars, schools, sports complexes, as well as other wholesalers.

AMCON, through its Healthy Edge Inc. subsidiary, operates 15 retail health food stores as Chamberlin’s Natural Foods, Akin’s Natural Foods, and Earth Origins Market (“Retail Segment”). These stores carry natural supplements, organic and natural groceries, health and beauty care products, and other food items.

The Company’s operations are subject to a number of factors which are beyond the control of management, such as changes in manufacturers’ cigarette pricing, state excise tax increases, or the opening of competing retail stores in close proximity to the Company’s retail stores. While the Company sells a diversified product line, it remains dependent upon the sale of cigarettes which accounted for approximately 62% of the Company’s consolidated revenue during both fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, and 18% and 19% of the Company’s consolidated gross profit during fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively.

(b) Accounting Period:

The Company’s fiscal year ends on September 30 th, except for one non-wholly owned subsidiary whose fiscal year ends on the last Friday of September, and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 have been included herein.

(c) Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation:

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of AMCON and its wholly-owned subsidiaries including Henry’s since February 2023 and its non-wholly-owned equity investment in Team Sledd. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

(d) Cash and Accounts Payable:

AMCON utilizes a cash management system under which an overdraft is the normal book balance in the primary disbursing accounts. Overdrafts included in accounts payable at September 2024 and September 2023 totaled approximately $3.9 million and $3.3 million, respectively, and reflect checks drawn on the disbursing accounts that have been issued but have not yet cleared through the banking system. The Company’s policy has been to fund these outstanding checks as they clear with borrowings under its revolving credit facilities (see Note 7). These outstanding checks (book overdrafts) are classified as cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

(e) Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable primarily consists of customer trade receivables arising in the ordinary course of business and other receivables primarily related to various rebate and promotional incentives with the Company’s suppliers. These receivables are recorded net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The Company evaluates the expected uncollectibility of

accounts receivable based on a combination of factors, including but not limited to, past collection history, customer credit terms, industry, regulatory and economic conditions, and any customer specific risks, including credit concentration risks. The Company determines the past due status of trade receivables based on our payment terms with each customer. If the Company becomes aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as bankruptcy filings or deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position, the Company may record a specific reserve for expected credit losses to reduce the related receivable to the amount it reasonably believes is collectible. Account balances are charged off against the allowance for credit losses when collection efforts have been exhausted and the account receivable is deemed worthless. Any subsequent recoveries of charged off account balances are recorded as income in the period received. As of September 2024 and September 2023, receivables from transactions with customers, less allowance for expected credit losses were $68.1 million and $69.4 million, respectively.

(f) Inventories:

At September 2024 and September 2023, inventories in our Wholesale Segment consisted of finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, utilizing FIFO and average cost methods. Inventories in our Retail Segment consisted of finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or market using the retail method. The wholesale distribution and retail health food segment inventories consist of finished products purchased in bulk quantities to be redistributed to the Company’s customers or sold at retail. Finished goods included total reserves of approximately $1.2 million at both September 2024 and September 2023. These reserves include the Company’s obsolescence allowance, which reflects estimated unsaleable or non-refundable inventory based upon an evaluation of slow moving and discontinued products.

(g) Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets:

A summary of prepaid expenses and other current assets is as follows (in millions):

Prepaid inventory represents inventory in-transit that has been paid for but not received.

(h) Property and Equipment:

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized and charged to expense over their useful lives through depreciation or amortization charges. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense in the period incurred. The straight-line method of depreciation is used to depreciate assets over the estimated useful lives as follows:

Costs and accumulated depreciation applicable to assets retired or sold are eliminated from the accounts, and the resulting gains or losses are reported as a component of operating income.

The Company reviews property and equipment for indicators of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group are estimated over the asset’s useful life of the primary asset and based on updated projections on an undiscounted basis. If the evaluation indicates that the carrying value of the asset group may not be recoverable, the potential impairment is determined based on the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. There wasno impairment of any property and equipment during either fiscal 2024 or fiscal 2023.

(i) Leases:

Lease liabilities are equal to the present value of the remaining fixed lease payments. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are determined based on the amount of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs incurred less lease incentives. The Company determines its incremental borrowing rates based on information available at the lease commencement date in calculating the present value of its lease payments. The Company does not recognize assets or liabilities for leases with an initial term of twelve months or less and these short-term lease payments are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company elected the practical expedient to account for non-lease components as part of the lease for all asset classes. The Company reviews its ROU lease assets for indicators of impairment in the same manner as its other property and equipment as described above in*(h) Property and Equipment*.

(j) Goodwill and Intangible Assets:

Goodwill consists of the excess purchase price paid in certain business combinations over the fair value of assets acquired and generally represents synergies and economies of scale generated through reductions in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Intangible assets consist of trademarks, tradenames, and customer relationships acquired as part of acquisitions in addition to certain non-competition agreements. Goodwill and the trademarks and tradenames for our Retail Segment are considered to have indefinite lives.

Goodwill and intangible assets having indefinite useful lives are not amortized into the results of operations, but instead are reviewed annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired, to assess whether their fair value exceeds their carrying value. The Company performs its annual goodwill and intangible asset impairment assessment during the fourth fiscal quarter of each year.

When evaluating the potential impairment of non-amortizable indefinite lived assets and goodwill, the Company first assesses a range of qualitative factors, including but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for the Company’s products and services, market prices, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel, and the overall financial performance for each of the Company’s reporting units. If after completing this assessment, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, a quantitative evaluation is performed using the income approach (discounted cash flow method).

A discounted cash flow methodology requires the estimation of a wide range of factors including but not limited to: (i) forecasting future earnings and cash flows, (ii) determining the discount rate applicable to the earnings stream being discounted, and (iii) computing a terminal value at some point in the future. These estimations require significant judgment and include making assumptions such as sales growth rates including the addition of new retail stores, future store profitability, planned capital expenditures, our ability to control costs, the successful implementation of initiatives designed to enhance sales and improve inventory management, gross profit estimates, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for the Company’s products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel, working capital requirements, weighted average cost of capital, and current and anticipated operating conditions. The use of different assumptions or estimates for future cash flows could produce different results.

For goodwill impairment testing, the Company utilizes the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350 -Intangibles - Goodwill and Other whereby a reporting unit’s carrying value is compared to its fair value and impairment charges are recognized for an amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

The Company’s identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are assessed for impairment whenever events or circumstances change which may indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Identifiable intangible assets which are subject to amortization are evaluated for impairment using a process similar to that used in evaluating the elements of property and equipment. If impaired, the related assets are written down to their estimated fair value.

(k) Equity Method Investment:

The Company uses the equity method to account for its investment in an investee if the investment provides the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss (net of income taxes) of the investee is included in consolidated net earnings.

Judgment regarding the level of influence over its equity method investment includes considering key factors such as the Company’s ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and material intercompany transactions. The Company evaluates its equity method investment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment might not be recoverable. Factors considered by the Company when reviewing its equity method investment for impairment include the length of time (duration) and the extent (severity) to which the fair value of the equity method investment has been less than cost, the investee’s financial condition and future prospects, and the intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery. An impairment that is other-than-temporary is recognized in the period identified.

(l) Revenue Recognition:

The Company recognizes revenues when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is the point where control of the promised goods or services is transferred to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. For the majority of the Company’s customer arrangements, control transfers to customers at a point-in-time when goods have been delivered, as that is generally when legal title, physical possession and risks and rewards of goods/services transfers to the customer. The timing of satisfaction of the performance obligation is not subject to significant judgment due to the simultaneous nature of the Company’s customer arrangements (same day creation and fulfillment). After the completion of its performance obligations, the Company has an unconditional right of payment from customers with varying collection and payment terms based on region, credit risk, and other situational factors. Customer receivables are included on the consolidated balance sheets less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company has elected the practical expedient permitting it to disregard financing components which may be deemed to be part of its transaction price as its customary payments terms are less thanone year. See Note 13 “Business Segments” for the disaggregation of net sales for each of our business segments.

(m) Insurance:

The Company’s insurance for employee-related health care benefits, workers’ compensation, and general liability is provided through high-deductible or self-insured programs. The Company accrues for employee-related health care costs utilizing a claims reserve methodology and prepays insurance carriers for all workers’ compensation and general liability coverage as part of its insurance program. The Company accrues for employee-related health care claims based upon a reserve analysis for claims incurred, but not reported, utilizing the Company’s historical claims experience rate, plus specific reserves for large claims. The reserves associated with the exposure to these liabilities are reviewed by management for adequacy at the end of each reporting period. The Company has issued letters of credit to insurance carriers as part of its loss control program totaling $2.4 million and $0.5 million as of September 2024 and September 2023, respectively.

(n) Income Taxes:

The Company uses the asset and liability method to calculate deferred income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized on temporary differences between financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. The effect of tax rate changes on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income during the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when we do not consider it more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.

(o) Share-Based Compensation:

The Company recognizes expense for its share-based compensation based on the fair value of the awards that are granted. The fair value of stock options are estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Option

pricing methods require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. The fair value of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards is based on the period ending closing price of the Company’s common stock. Measured compensation cost is recognized ratably over the vesting period of the related share-based compensation award and is reflected in our Consolidated Statement of Operations under “Selling, general and administrative expenses.”

(p) Customer Sales Incentives:

The Company provides consideration to customers, such as sales allowances or discounts on a regular basis. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company estimates customer sales incentives due as sales are made and records them as a reduction of net sales.

(q) Excise Taxes:

Under ASC 606, the Company is primarily responsible for excise taxes levied on cigarette and other tobacco products and presents excise taxes as a component of revenue.

(r) Contract Costs:

Under ASC 606, the Company expenses as incurred any incremental costs to obtain and fulfill customer contracts as the related amortization period would beone year or less.

(s) Per-share Results:

Basic earnings or loss per share data are based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings or loss per share data are based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the effect of all dilutive potential common shares including stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards.

(t) Use of Estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(u) Fair Value Measurements:

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. The carrying amount of trade accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these financial instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s variable and fixed rate debt also approximates fair value.

(v) Mandatorily Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest:

Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest (“MRNCI”) recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represents the fair value of the non-controlling interest in the Company’s strategic investment in Team Sledd. The Company has elected to present the MRNCI liability at fair value under ASC 825 –Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”) as it believes this best represents the potential future liability and cash flows. The Company calculates the estimated fair value of the MRNCI based on a discounted cash flow valuation technique using the best information available at the reporting date, and records changes in the fair value of the MRNCI as a component of other expense (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company estimates the probability and timing of future redemptions and earnings of Team Sledd based on management’s knowledge and assumptions of certain events as of each reporting date,

including the timing of any future redemptions and an appropriate discount rate. The MRNCI is classified as Level 3 because of the Company’s reliance on unobservable assumptions.

(w) Contingent Consideration:

Contingent consideration recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represents the fair value of a portion of the consideration paid in the acquisition of Burklund Distributors, Inc. (“Burklund”) (see Note 2). In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 805 –Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), the Company recorded the contingent consideration at fair value as of the acquisition date and re-measures the liability at each reporting period. The Company calculates the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration based on a discounted cash flow valuation technique using the best information available at the reporting date, and records changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The short-term and long-term portions of the contingent consideration are recorded in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. At each reporting date, the Company reviews certain inputs, including sales thresholds and an appropriate discount rate, based on management’s knowledge and assumptions of certain events. The contingent consideration liability is classified as Level 3 because of the Company’s reliance on unobservable assumptions.

(x) Business Combinations:

The acquisition method of accounting for business combinations under ASC 805 requires management to use significant estimates and assumptions, including fair value estimates, as of the business combination date and to refine those estimates as necessary during the measurement period (defined as the period, not to exceed one year, in which the Company is allowed to adjust the provisional amounts recognized for a business combination).

(y) Accounting Pronouncements:

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, which introduces a forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The estimate of expected credit losses requires entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU also expands the disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to understand the entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating expected credit losses. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on October 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU also expands disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to better understand the entity’s measurement and assessment of segment performance and resource allocation. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 (fiscal 2025 for the Company), and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 (fiscal 2026 for the Company), with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently reviewing this ASU and its potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which enhances the transparency, effectiveness and comparability of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information related to income tax rate reconciliations and the jurisdictions in which income taxes are paid. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15,

2024 (fiscal 2026 for the Company), with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently reviewing this ASU and its potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

2. ACQUISITIONS

Burklund Distributors, Inc.

On April 5, 2024, the Company acquired substantially all of the net operating assets of Burklund, a wholesale distributor to convenience stores operating in Illinois, Missouri, Indiana and Iowa, for approximately $20.9 million, consisting of $15.4 million in cash, a $3.9 million promissory note payable in quarterly installments over five years at an annual rate of 5.75%, and additional contingent consideration with an acquisition date fair value of $1.6 million. Pursuant to the transaction, contingent consideration of up to $3.0 million in cash could be payable intwo installments on the one-year and two-year anniversaries of the acquisition date based on certain sales thresholds. The short-term and long-term portions of the contingent consideration are recorded in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are re-measured to fair value at each reporting period. The periodic change in fair value is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Company also assumed certain operating liabilities totaling approximately $0.3 million. The cash portion of the transaction was funded with borrowings from the Company’s existing bank group. Costs to effectuate the acquisition were not significant and were expensed as incurred. The acquisition of Burklund aligns with the Company’s long-term growth strategy by expanding its regional footprint and will provide customers with an enhanced range of products and services over time.

Richmond Master Distributors, Inc.

On June 21, 2024, the Company acquired substantially all of the net operating assets of Richmond Master, a wholesale distributor to convenience stores operating in Illinois, Indiana and Michigan, for approximately $6.6 million in cash. In connection with the transaction, the Company assumed certain operating liabilities totaling approximately $0.6 million, including approximately $0.5 million of operating leases. The transaction was funded with borrowings from the Company’s existing bank group. Costs to effectuate the acquisition were not significant and were expensed as incurred. The acquisition of Richmond Master provides access to new markets and improved service capability for accounts in our existing service area.

For the two transactions described above, the Company paid consideration in the forms of cash, debt and contingent consideration for the net acquired assets and their related values as of the respective acquisition dates, measured in accordance with ASC 805. In valuing any potential identifiable intangible assets, the Company estimated the fair value using a discounted cash flows methodology with the assistance of an independent valuation advisor. Inputs and projections used to measure the fair value as of the acquisition dates included, but were not limited to, sales growth, gross profit estimates, economic and industry conditions, working capital requirements and various other operational considerations. As a result of the valuation process, no value was assigned to any identifiable intangible assets andno value was assigned to goodwill in either transaction. Burklund and Richmond Master will both be reported as part of the Company’s Wholesale Segment.

The consideration paid for each transaction is as follows:

The following purchase price allocations reflect the amounts of identifiable assets and liabilities assumed for each transaction:

Accounts receivable were recorded at their fair values representing the amounts we expect to collect, which also approximated the gross contractual values of such receivables at the respective acquisition dates. The transactions did not result in the acquisition of any identifiable intangible assets, nor did they result in any goodwill.

The following table sets forth the unaudited supplemental financial data for Burklund and Richmond Master from the respective acquisition dates through September 2024, which are included in the Company’s consolidated results for fiscal 2024.

Henry’s Foods, Inc.

On February 3, 2023, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, LOL Foods, Inc., paid approximately $54.9 million in cash to acquire substantially all of the operating assets of Henry’s, a wholesale distributor to convenience stores and other retail formats operating in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. In connection with the transaction, the Company also assumed certain operating liabilities totaling approximately $1.2 million, including approximately $0.2 million of operating leases. The transaction was funded with borrowings from the Company’s existing bank group. Costs to effectuate the acquisition were not significant and were expensed as incurred. Strategically, the acquisition expands the Company’s footprint in the North Central portion of the United States and enhances the product and service offerings available to its customer base.

The Company paid cash consideration for the net acquired assets and their related values as of the acquisition date, measured in accordance with FASB ASC 805. In valuing identifiable intangible assets, the Company has estimated the fair value using the discounted cash flows methodology with the assistance of an independent valuation advisor. Inputs and projections used to measure the fair value as of the acquisition date included, but were not limited to, sales growth, gross profit estimates, royalty and customer retention rates, economic and industry conditions, working capital requirements and various other operational considerations. Henry’s is being reported as a component of the Company’s Wholesale Segment.

The following purchase price allocation reflects the amounts of identifiable assets and liabilities assumed:

Accounts receivable were recorded at their fair value representing the amount we expect to collect, which also approximated the gross contractual values of such receivables at the acquisition date. Goodwill totaling approximately $0.5 million arose from the acquisition and primarily represents synergies and economies of scale generated through reductions in selling, general, and administrative expenses. This goodwill has been assigned to the Company’s Wholesale Segment and is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Other intangible assets acquired consisted of the following:

The following table sets forth the unaudited supplemental financial data for Henry’s from the acquisition date through September 2023, which is included in the Company’s consolidated results for fiscal 2023.

The following table presents unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information assuming the Company acquired Burklund, Richmond Master and Henry’s on October 1, 2022, in addition to holding a 76% interest in Team Sledd on October 1, 2022. These pro forma amounts do not purport to be indicative of the actual results that would have been obtained had the acquisitions occurred at that time.

3. EARNINGS PER SHARE:

Basic earnings per share available to common shareholders is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for each period. Diluted earnings per share available to common shareholders is calculated by dividing income from operations by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted average dilutive equity awards.

4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET:

Property and equipment at September 2024 and September 2023 consisted of the following:

During fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, the Company capitalized approximately $0.9 million and $0.8 million of interest on funds borrowed to finance certain capital expenditures. Capitalized interest is recorded as part of an asset’s cost and will be depreciated over the asset’s useful life.

5. LEASES:

The Company’s Wholesale Segment leases certain warehouse facilities, office space, vehicles and office equipment. The Company’s Retail Segment leases store space in various shopping center complexes and certain office space. Certain of the warehouse and retail store leases include one or more options to renew orterminate the applicable lease agreement, with the exercise of such options at the Company’s discretion. The Company’s leases do not contain any significant residual value guarantees nor do they impose any significant restrictions or covenants other than those customarily found in similar types of leases.

The operating ROU lease assets and liabilities recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets consist of fixed lease payments. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Additionally, certain leases contain variable payments such as vehicle leases with per-mile charges or retail leases with an additional rent payment based on store performance. These variable payments are expensed as incurred. The Company combines lease components and non-lease components for all asset classes for purposes of recognizing lease assets and liabilities. The Company determines its incremental borrowing rates based on information available at the lease commencement date in calculating the present value of lease payments. The Company reviews its ROU lease assets for indicators of impairment in the same manner as its other property and equipment as described in Note 1.

Leases consist of the following:

The components of lease costs were as follows:

Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 2024 were as follows:

Weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate information regarding the Company’s leases were as follows:

Other information regarding the Company’s leases were as follows:

6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS:

Goodwill at September 2024 and September 2023 was as follows:

Other intangible assets at September 2024 and September 2023 consisted of the following:

Goodwill, trademarks and tradenames are considered to have indefinite useful lives and therefore no amortization has been taken on these assets. Goodwill recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represents amounts allocated to its wholesale reporting unit which totaled approximately $5.8 million at both September 2024 and September 2023. The Company determined that the estimated fair value of its wholesale reporting unit exceeded its carrying value at both September 2024 and September 2023.

At September 2024, identifiable intangible assets considered to have finite lives were represented by customer lists which are being amortized over 15 years, a non-competition agreement which is being amortized over three years, a non-competition agreement which is being amortized over five years, and a tradename in our Wholesale Segment that is being amortized over seven years. These intangible assets are evaluated for accelerated attrition or amortization adjustments if warranted. Amortization expense related to these assets was $0.5 million and $0.4 million during fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively.

Estimated future amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets with finite lives was as follows at September 2024:

7. DEBT:

The Company primarily finances its operations through three credit facility agreements (a) a facility that is an obligation of AMCON Distributing Company (the “AMCON Facility”), (b) a facility that is an obligation of Team Sledd (the “Team Sledd Facility”) and (c) a facility that is an obligation of Henry’s (the “Henry’s Facility”), and collectively together (the “Facilities”) and long-term debt agreements with banks. The Team Sledd Facility and the Henry’s Facility are non- recourse to AMCON Distributing Company, are not guaranteed by AMCON Distributing Company and haveno cross default provisions applicable to AMCON Distributing Company.

At September 2024, the Facilities had a total combined borrowing capacity of $300.0 million, including provisions for up to $30.0 million in credit advances for certain inventory purchases, which are limited by accounts receivable and inventory qualifications, and the value of certain real estate collateral. The Henry’s Facility matures in February 2026, the AMCON Facility matures in June 2027 and the Team Sledd Facility matures in March 2028, each without a penalty for prepayment. Obligations under the Facilities are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s respective equipment, intangibles, inventories, accounts receivable, and certain real estate. The Facilities each feature an unused commitment fee and springing financial covenants. Borrowings under the Facilities bear interest at either the bank’s prime rate or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), plus any applicable spreads.

The amount available for use from the Facilities at any given time is subject to a number of factors, including eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances that fluctuate day-to-day, as well as the value of certain real estate collateral. Based on the collateral and loan limits as defined in the Facility agreements, the credit limit of the combined Facilities at September 2024 was $212.4 million, of which $121.3 million was outstanding, leaving $91.1 million available.

The average interest rate of the Facilities was 6.82% at September 2024. During fiscal 2024, the peak borrowings under the Facilities was $181.8 million, and the average borrowings and average availability under the Facilities was $134.5 million and $81.0 million, respectively.

LONG-TERM DEBT

In addition to the Facilities, the Company also had the following long-term obligations at September 2024 and September 2023.

The aggregate minimum principal maturities of the long-term debt for each of the next five fiscal years are as follows:

Market rate risk for fixed rate debt is estimated as the potential increase in fair value of debt obligations resulting from decreases in interest rates. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for bank loans with similar terms and average maturities, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt approximated its carrying value at September 2024.

Cross Default and Co-Terminus Provisions

Team Sledd’stwo notes payable and the Team Sledd Facility contain cross default provisions. The Henry’s note payable and the Henry’s Facility contain cross default provisions. There wereno such cross defaults for either Team Sledd or Henry’s at September 2024. Additionally, the Team Sledd Facility and the Henry’s Facility are non-recourse to AMCON Distributing Company, are not guaranteed by AMCON Distributing Company and haveno cross default provisions applicable to AMCON Distributing Company. The Company and its subsidiaries, including Team Sledd and Henry’s, were in compliance with all of the financial covenants under the respective Facilities at September 2024.

Other

The Company has issued letters of credit to its workers’ compensation insurance carriers as part of its self-insured loss control program totaling$2.4 million and$0.5 million as of September 2024 and September 2023, respectively.

8. INCOME TAXES:

The components of income tax expense from operations for fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 consisted of the following:

The difference between the Company’s income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the amount that would be calculated using the statutory income tax rate of 21% for both fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 on income from operations before income taxes is as follows:

Temporary differences between the financial statement carrying balances and tax basis of assets and liabilities giving rise to net deferred tax assets (liabilities) at September 2024 and September 2023 relates to the following:

The Company had a valuation allowance of approximately $0.7 million at both September 2024 and September 2023, against certain state net operating losses, which more likely than not will not be utilized. The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits, interest, or penalties during fiscal 2024 or fiscal 2023, and the Company does not anticipate any such items during the next twelve months. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties directly related to income taxes as income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and various states and the tax years 2021 and forward remain open under U.S. and state statutes.

9. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

Mandatorily Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest

MRNCI recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represents the fair value of the non-controlling interest in the Company’s strategic investment in Team Sledd. During April 2024, Team Sledd redeemed certain membership interests from its non-controlling interest, which increased the Company’s ownership interest to approximately 76% as of September 2024. The Company owned approximately 64% of Team Sledd as of September 2023. The Company has elected to present the MRNCI liability at fair value under ASC 825 as it believes this best represents the potential future liability and cash flows. As such, the MRNCI balance at both September 2024 and September 2023 represents the fair value of the remaining future membership interest redemptions and other amounts due to noncontrolling interest holders through April 2026. At both September 2024 and September 2023, the difference between the contractual amount due under the MRNCI and the fair value was approximately $0.7 million. The following table presents changes in the fair value of the MRNCI during each of fiscal years 2024 and 2023:

Contingent Consideration

As described in Note 2, a portion of the consideration paid in the acquisition of Burklund was in the form of contingent consideration of up to $3.0 million in cash that could be payable intwo installments on the one-year and two-year anniversaries of the acquisition date, respectively, based on certain sales thresholds. In accordance with ASC 805, the Company recorded the contingent consideration at fair value as of the acquisition date and re-measures the liability at each reporting period. The Company calculates the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration based on a discounted cash flow valuation technique using the best information available at the reporting date, and records changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The short-term and long-term portions of the contingent consideration are recorded in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. At each reporting date, the Company reviews certain inputs, including sales thresholds and an appropriate discount rate, based on management’s knowledge and assumptions of certain events. At September 2024, the difference between the estimated amount due under the contingent consideration arrangement and the fair value was approximately $0.2 million. The contingent consideration liability is classified as Level 3 because of the Company’s reliance on unobservable assumptions.

The following table presents changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration:

10. PROFIT SHARING PLANS:

The Company sponsorstwo profit sharing plans (i.e., section 401(k) plans) covering substantially all employees. One plan (“the AMCON Plan”) covers the employees not employed by Team Sledd. The other plan (the “Team Sledd Plan” and together with the AMCON Plan, “the Plans”) covers the employees of Team Sledd. The Plans allow employees to make voluntary contributions up to 100% of their compensation, subject to Internal Revenue Service limits. Under the AMCON Plan, the Company matches 100% of the first 2% contributed and 50% of the next 4% contributed for a maximum match of 4% of employee compensation. Under the Team Sledd Plan, the Company matches 100% of employee contributions up to 5%. The Company made matching contributions (net of employee forfeitures) to the Plans of approximately $2.0 million in fiscal 2024 and $1.6 million in fiscal 2023.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:

Liability Insurance

The Company carries property, general liability, vehicle liability, directors’ and officers’ liability and workers’ compensation insurance. Additionally, the Company carries an umbrella liability policy to provide excess coverage over the underlying limits of the aforementioned primary policies.

The Company’s insurance programs for workers’ compensation, general liability, and employee related health care benefits are provided through high deductible or self-insured programs. Claims in excess of self-insurance levels are fully insured subject to policy limits. Accruals are based on historical claims experience, actual claims filed, and estimates of claims incurred but not reported.

The Company’s liabilities for unpaid and incurred, but not reported claims, for health insurance, workers’ compensation, and general liability, was $1.5 million at September 2024 and $2.2 million at September 2023. These amounts are included in accrued expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. While the ultimate amount of claims incurred is dependent on future developments, in the Company’s opinion, recorded reserves are adequate to cover the future payment of claims previously incurred. However, it is possible that recorded reserves may not be adequate to cover the future payment of claims.

Adjustments, if any, to claims estimates previously recorded, resulting from actual claim payments, are reflected in operations in the periods in which such adjustments are known.

A summary of the activity in the Company’s self-insured liabilities reserve is set forth below (in millions):

12. EQUITY-BASED INCENTIVE AWARDS:

Omnibus Plans

The Company hasthree equity-based incentive plans, the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan, and the 2022 Omnibus Incentive Plan (collectively “the Omnibus Plans”), which provide for equity incentives to employees. Each Omnibus Plan was designed with the intent of encouraging employees to acquire a vested interest in the growth and performance of the Company. The Omnibus Plans together permit the issuance of up to 195,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in the form of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance share awards as well as awards such as stock appreciation rights, performance units, performance shares, bonus shares, and dividend share awards payable in the form of common stock or cash. The number of shares issuable under the Omnibus Plans is subject to customary adjustments in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, and certain other distributions on the Company’s common stock. At September 2024, awards with respect to a total of 140,837 shares, net of forfeitures, had been awarded pursuant to the Omnibus Plans and awards with respect to another 54,163 shares may be awarded under the Omnibus Plans.

Restricted Stock Units

No restricted stock unit awards were issued during fiscal 2024 or fiscal 2023. At September 2024, the Company hadno restricted stock unit awards outstanding.

The following summarizes restricted stock unit activity under the Omnibus Plans during fiscal 2024:

Restricted Stock Awards

At September 2024, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors had authorized and approved the following restricted stock awards to members of the Company’s management team pursuant to the provisions of the Company’s Omnibus Plans:

There isno direct cost to the recipients of the restricted stock awards, except for any applicable taxes. The restricted stock awards provide that the recipients receive common stock in the Company, subject to certain restrictions until such time as the awards vest. The recipients of the restricted stock awards are entitled to the customary adjustments in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, and certain other distributions on the Company’s common stock. All cash dividends and/or distributions payable to restricted stock recipients will be held in escrow until all the conditions of vesting have been met. The compensation expense recorded in the Company’s Statement of Operations reflects the straight-line amortized fair value.

The following summarizes restricted stock award activity under the Omnibus Plans during fiscal 2024:

Income from operations before income taxes included compensation expense related to the amortization of the Company’s restricted stock awards of approximately $2.6 million during fiscal 2024 and $1.6 million during fiscal 2023. The tax benefit related to this compensation expense was approximately $0.7 million in fiscal 2024 and $0.4 million in fiscal 2023. At September 2024, total unamortized compensation expense related to restricted stock awards was approximately $2.8 million. This unamortized compensation expense is expected to be amortized over approximately the next 16 months.

13. BUSINESS SEGMENTS:

The Company hastwo reportable business segments: the wholesale distribution of consumer products (the Wholesale Segment), and the retail sale of health and natural food products (the Retail Segment). The aggregation of the Company’s business operations into these business segments was based on a range of considerations including but not limited to the characteristics of each business, similarities in the nature and type of products sold, customer classes, methods used to sell the products and economic profiles. Included in the “Other” column are intercompany eliminations and assets held and charges incurred and income earned by our holding company. The segments are evaluated on revenues, gross margins, operating income (loss), and income (loss) from operations before taxes.

(1) Includes $10.0 million purchase of a distribution facility in Colorado City, Colorado.

14. TREASURY STOCK:

The Company didnot repurchase any shares of its common stock during fiscal 2024. The Company repurchased a total of 2,363 shares of its common stock during fiscal 2023 for cash totaling approximately $0.4 million. All repurchased shares were recorded in treasury stock at cost.

15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:

On October 22, 2024, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors awarded 15,100 shares of restricted stock to members of the Company’s executive management team, which are subject to athree-year graded vesting schedule.

On October 24, 2024, the Company amended the Henry’s Facility, increasing its aggregate borrowing capacity from $40.0 million to $45.0 million and extending the maturity date to February 2028.