NMI Holdings, Inc.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

• During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we issued 5,956 common shares with a par value of $0.01 in connection with the exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units granted under our stock plans, which is not identifiable in this schedule due to rounding.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

• During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we issued 337 common shares with a par value of $0.01 in connection with the exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units granted under our stock plans, which is not identifiable in this schedule due to rounding.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Accounting Principles

NMI Holdings, Inc. (NMIH) is a Delaware corporation, incorporated in May 2011 to provide private mortgage guaranty insurance (which we refer to as mortgage insurance or MI) through its wholly-owned insurance subsidiaries, National Mortgage Insurance Corporation (NMIC) and National Mortgage Reinsurance Inc One (Re One). Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq exchange under the ticker symbol “NMIH.”

NMIC, our primary insurance subsidiary, issued its first mortgage insurance policy in April 2013. NMIC is licensed to write mortgage insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia (D.C.). Re One historically provided reinsurance coverage to NMIC in accordance with certain statutory risk retention requirements. Such requirements have been repealed and the reinsurance coverage provided by Re One to NMIC has been commuted. Re One remains a wholly-owned, licensed insurance subsidiary; however, it does not currently have active insurance exposures. In August 2015, NMIH capitalized a wholly-owned subsidiary, NMI Services, Inc. (NMIS), through which we offer outsourced loan review services to mortgage loan originators. We operate as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which include the results of NMIH and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q as prescribed by the SEC for interim reporting and include other information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP). Our accounts are maintained in U.S. dollars. These statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in our 2024 10-K. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date. Estimates also affect the reported amounts of income and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary to present a fair statement of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of operations for the interim period may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2025.

Significant Accounting Principles

There have been no changes to our significant accounting principles as described in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 2 - Summary of Accounting Principles” of our 2024 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The update enhances the disclosure requirements related to tax rate reconciliations and income taxes paid, and took effect for all public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2025 and will include enhanced disclosures in our fiscal year-end 2025 annual consolidated financial statements, as applicable.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expense (Topic 220). The update expands disclosure requirements related to certain income statement expenses, including a requirement to provide a tabular disaggregation of certain operating expenses by category. The standard will take effect for all public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this ASU will have, if any, on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Targeted Accounting for Internal-Use Software (Topic 350). The update clarifies the criteria surrounding the capitalization of certain costs and expands related disclosure requirements. The standard will take effect for all public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this ASU will have, if any, on our consolidated financial statements.

2. Investments

We hold all investments on an available-for-sale basis at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and evaluate each position quarterly for impairment. We recognize an impairment on a security through the statement of operations if (i) we intend to sell the impaired security; or (ii) it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the impaired security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis. If a sale is intended or likely to be required, we recognize an impairment loss equivalent to the difference of the amortized cost basis of the security and its fair value through the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as a “Net Realized Investment Loss.” In the event of an impairment of a security that we intend to and have the ability to hold to maturity, we evaluate the drivers of the impairment to determine the portion that is credit related and the portion that is non-credit related. The portion of impairment loss that is attributed to credit related factors is recognized through the statement of operations as a provision for credit loss and the portion that is attributed to non-credit related factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of taxes.

Fair Values and Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses on Investments

We did not own any mortgage-backed securities in our asset-backed securities portfolio at September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

The following table presents a breakdown of the fair value of our corporate debt securities by issuer industry group as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, approximately $5.4 million and $5.3 million, respectively, of our cash and investments were held in the form of U.S. Treasury securities on deposit with various state insurance departments to satisfy regulatory requirements.

Scheduled Maturities

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Because most asset-backed securities provide for periodic payments throughout their lives, they are listed below in a separate category.

Aging of Unrealized Losses

As of September 30, 2025, the investment portfolio had gross unrealized losses of $95.5 million, of which $95.1 million were associated with securities that had been in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve months or longer. As of December 31, 2024, the investment portfolio had gross unrealized losses of $158.6 million, of which $150.8 million were associated with securities that had been in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve months or longer. For those securities in an unrealized loss position, the length of time the securities were in such a position is as follows:

• Amounts not identifiable due to rounding.

Allowance for Credit Losses

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we did not recognize an allowance for credit loss for any security in the investment portfolio and we did not record any provision for credit loss for investment securities during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.

We evaluated the securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2025, assessing their credit ratings as well as any adverse conditions specifically related to the security. Based upon our assessment of the amount and timing of cash flows to be collected over the remaining life of each instrument, we believe the unrealized losses as of September 30, 2025 are not indicative of the ultimate collectability of the current amortized cost of the securities. Rather, the unrealized losses on securities held as of September 30, 2025 were primarily driven by fluctuations in interest rates, and to a lesser extent, movements in credit spreads following the purchase of those securities.

Net Investment Income

The following table presents the components of net investment income:

(1) Includes interest income recognized on cash and cash equivalents of $0.9 million and $2.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $1.3 million and $4.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

The following table presents the components of net realized investment gains (losses):

3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following describes the valuation techniques used by us to determine the fair value of our financial instruments:

We established a fair value hierarchy by prioritizing the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under this standard are described below:

Level 1 – Fair value measurements based on quoted prices in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets. We do not adjust the quoted price for such instruments.

Level 2 – Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 – Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair values of positions classified in Level 3. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Therefore, we must make certain assumptions, which require significant management judgment or estimation about the inputs a hypothetical market participant would use to value that asset or liability.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Assets Classified as Level 1 and Level 2

To determine the fair value of securities available-for-sale in Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, independent pricing sources have been utilized. One price is provided per security based on observable market data. To ensure securities are appropriately classified in the fair value hierarchy, we review the pricing techniques and methodologies of the independent pricing sources and believe that their policies adequately consider market activity, either based on specific transactions for the issue valued or based on modeling of securities with similar credit quality, duration, yield and structure that were recently traded. A variety of inputs are utilized by the independent pricing sources including benchmark yields, reported trades, non-binding broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data including data published in market research publications. Inputs may be weighted differently for any security, and not all inputs are used for each security evaluation. Market indicators, industry and economic events are also considered. This information is evaluated using a multidimensional pricing model. Quality controls are performed by the independent pricing sources throughout this process, which include reviewing tolerance reports, trading information and data changes, and directional moves compared to market moves. This model combines all inputs to arrive at a value assigned to each security. We have not made any adjustments to the prices obtained from the independent pricing sources.

The following tables present the level within the fair value hierarchy at which our financial instruments were measured:

There were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 or the year ended December 31, 2024.

Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

On May 21, 2024, we issued $425 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes that mature on August 15, 2029 (the 2024 Notes). Proceeds from the 2024 Notes offering were primarily used to repay our then outstanding $400 million senior secured notes (the 2020 Notes). At September 30, 2025, the 2024 Notes were carried at a cost of $416.5 million, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and an original issue discount totaling $8.5 million, and had a fair value of $440.5 million as assessed under our Level 2 hierarchy. At December 31, 2024, the 2024 Notes were carried at a cost of $415.1 million, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and an original issue discount totaling $9.9 million, and had a fair value of $429.6 million.

4. Debt

Senior Unsecured Notes

At September 30, 2025, we had $425 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes outstanding. The 2024 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture dated May 21, 2024 and bear interest at a rate of 6.00%, payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15.

The 2024 Notes mature on August 15, 2029. We may elect to redeem the 2024 Notes in whole or in part at any time prior to July 15, 2029 at a price equal to the greater of (1) the aggregate principal balance outstanding plus the present value of all future interest payments due through July 15, 2029, and (2) the aggregate principal balance due plus any accrued and unpaid interest. We may elect to redeem the 2024 Notes in whole or in part at any time on or after July 15, 2029 at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

In connection with the 2024 Notes offering, we recorded capitalized debt issuance costs and an original issue discount of $10.9 million. Such amount will be amortized over the contractual life of the 2024 Notes using the effective interest method and included in interest expense. The effective interest rate on the 2024 Notes is 6.583%. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $8.5 million and $9.9 million, respectively, of unamortized debt issuance costs and original issue discount remained.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $3.3 million and $15.6 million, respectively, of accrued and unpaid interest on the 2024 Notes was included in“Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded a $6.8 million loss related to the redemption of the 2020 Notes in “Interest Expense”on our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Revolving Credit Facility

On April 29, 2024, we entered into a new $250 million five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility) to replace our then outstanding $250 million four-year secured revolving credit facility (the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility). The 2024 Revolving Credit Facility matures on May 21, 2029. Borrowings under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes, including to support growth, new business production and operations, and accrue interest at a variable rate equal to, at our discretion, (i) a Base Rate (as defined in the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility) subject to a floor of 1.00% per annum plus a margin of 0.375% to 1.875% per annum, or (ii) the Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR, as defined in the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility) plus a margin of 1.375% to 2.875% per annum, with the margin in each of (i) or (ii) based on our applicable corporate credit rating at the time. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no amounts were drawn under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility.

Under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility, we are required to pay a quarterly commitment fee on the average daily undrawn amount of 0.175% to 0.525%, based on the applicable corporate credit rating at the time. As of September 30, 2025, the applicable commitment fee was 0.225%. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of commitment fees in interest expense.

We incurred debt issuance costs of $2.1 million in connection with the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility and had $0.6 million of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility remaining at the time of its replacement. Combined unamortized debt issuance costs are amortized through interest expense on a straight-line basis over the contractual life of the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, remaining unamortized deferred debt issuance costs of $1.9 million and $2.3 million, respectively, were recorded in“Other Assets”on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility we are subject to certain covenants, including a maximum debt-to-total capitalization ratio of 35%, a minimum consolidated net worth requirement (as defined therein), and a requirement to maintain compliance with the financial standards prescribed by the private mortgage insurer eligibility requirements (PMIERs). We were in compliance with all covenants at September 30, 2025.

5. Reinsurance

We enter into third-party reinsurance transactions to actively manage our risk, ensure compliance with PMIERs, state regulatory and other applicable capital requirements (respectively, as defined therein), and support the growth of our business. The Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance (Wisconsin OCI) has approved and the GSEs have indicated their non-objection to all such transactions (subject to certain conditions and ongoing review).

The effect of our reinsurance agreements on premiums written and earned is as follows:

(1) Net of profit commission.

Quota Share Reinsurance

NMIC is party toeight quota share reinsurance treaties – the 2018 QSR Transaction, effective January 1, 2018 and as modified April 1, 2025, the 2020 QSR Transaction, effective April 1, 2020 and as amended January 1, 2024, the 2021 QSR Transaction, effective January 1, 2021 and as modified July 1, 2025, the 2022 QSR Transaction, effective October 1, 2021, the 2022 Seasoned QSR Transaction, effective July 1, 2022, the 2023 QSR Transaction, effective January 1, 2023, the 2024 QSR Transaction, effective January 1, 2024, and the 2025 QSR Transaction, effective January 1, 2025 – which we refer to collectively as the QSR Transactions.

Under each of the QSR Transactions, NMIC cedes a proportional share of its risk on eligible policies to panels of third-party reinsurance providers in exchange for reimbursement of ceded claims and claim expenses on covered policies, a ceding commission and a profit commission (up to a contractually defined maximum) that varies directly and inversely with ceded claims.

NMIC may terminate any or all of the QSR Transactions without penalty if, due to a change in PMIERs requirements, it is no longer able to take full PMIERs asset credit for the RIF ceded under the respective agreements. Additionally, under the terms of the QSR Transactions, NMIC may elect to selectively terminate its engagement with individual reinsurers on a run-off basis (i.e., reinsurers continue providing coverage on all risk ceded prior to the termination date, with no new cessions going forward) or cut-off basis (i.e., the reinsurance arrangement is completely terminated with NMIC recapturing all previously ceded risk) under certain circumstances. Such selective termination rights arise when, among other reasons, a reinsurer experiences a deterioration in its capital position below a prescribed threshold and/or a reinsurer breaches (and fails to cure) its collateral posting obligations under the relevant agreement.

Each of the third-party reinsurance providers that is party to the QSR Transactions has an insurer financial strength rating of A- or better by S&P, A.M. Best or both.

The following table presents the inception date, covered production period, contractual and optional termination dates, current cession rate, ceding commission and profit commission for each outstanding QSR Transaction. Current amounts are presented as of September 30, 2025.

(1) NMIC has the option, based on certain conditions and subject to a termination fee, to terminate the agreement as of the optional termination date, or at the end of any calendar quarter thereafter which could result in NMIC recapturing the related risk.

(2) NMIC has the option, based on certain conditions and subject to a termination fee, to terminate the agreement as of the optional termination, or semi-annually thereafter, which could result in NMIC recapturing the related risk.

(3) NMIC has the option, based on certain conditions, to terminate the agreement as of June 30, 2025 or quarterly thereafter through December 31, 2027 with the payment of a termination fee, and as of March 31, 2028 or quarterly thereafter without the payment of a termination fee. Such termination could result in NMIC recapturing the related risk.

(4) NMIC also holds a clean-up call that provides for termination of the agreement at its election at any time on or after the date the risk on remaining covered policies falls to 10% or less of the risk on covered policies at December 31, 2025.

(5) Under the terms of the 2018 QSR Transaction, NMIC cedes premiums earned related to 21% of the risk on eligible policies written in 2018 and 17% of the risk on eligible policies written in 2019.

(6) Under the terms of the 2022 Seasoned QSR Transaction, NMIC cedes premiums earned related to 95% of the risk on eligible policies after the consideration of coverage provided by other QSR transactions.

Concurrent with the placement of the 2025 QSR Transaction, NMIC entered intotwo additional sequential quota share reinsurance treaties that will provide coverage for mortgage insurance policies to be written in 2026 and 2027 (the 2026 QSR Transaction and 2027 QSR Transaction). Under the terms of the 2026 QSR Transaction, NMIC will cede premiums earned related to 20% of the risk on eligible policies written between January 1, 2026 and December 31, 2026. Under the terms of the 2027 QSR Transaction, NMIC will cede premiums earned related to 12% of the risk on eligible policies written between January 1, 2027 and December 31, 2027.

The following table shows amounts related to the QSR Transactions:

(1) Includes a $0.3 million termination fee for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 incurred in connection with the termination of the 2016 QSR Transaction and amendment of the 2018 and 2021 QSR Transactions.

Under the QSR Transactions, payments for ceded premiums earned are accrued and settled on a quarterly basis, offset by amounts due to NMIC for ceding commissions, profit commissions and loss recoveries. Ceded claims and claim expenses reduce the profit commission due to NMIC under each respective QSR Transaction on a dollar-for-dollar basis.

NMIC's reinsurance recoverable balance is supported by collateral trust accounts established and maintained by each reinsurer in accordance with the terms of the QSR Transactions and the PMIERs funding requirements for risk ceded to non-affiliates. The aggregate reinsurance recoverable on loss reserves related to the QSR Transactions was $35.3 million and $31.2 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The reinsurance recoverable on loss reserves as of December 31, 2024 included $1.1 million related to the 2016 QSR Transaction, which was terminated as of July 1, 2025.

We remain directly liable for all claim payments if we are unable to collect the recoverables due from our reinsurers and establish an allowance for expected credit loss against our reinsurance recoverable if we do not expect to recover amounts due from one or more of our reinsurance counterparties. Our reinsurance recoverable is reported net of such allowance, if any. We actively monitor the counterparty credit profiles of our reinsurers and each is required to partially collateralize its obligations under the terms of the QSR Transactions. The allowance for credit loss established against our reinsurance recoverable was deemed immaterial as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Excess-of-loss Reinsurance

Traditional Reinsurance

NMIC is party toseven excess-of-loss reinsurance agreements with broad panels of third-party reinsurers – the 2022-1 XOL Transaction, effective April 1, 2022, the 2022-2 XOL Transaction, effective July 1, 2022, the 2022-3 XOL Transaction, effective October 1, 2022, the 2023-1 XOL Transaction, effective January 1, 2023, the 2023-2 XOL Transaction, effective July 1, 2023, the 2024 XOL Transaction, effective January 1, 2024, and the 2025 XOL Transaction, effective January 1, 2025 – which we refer to collectively as the XOL Transactions. Each XOL Transaction provides NMIC with aggregate excess-of-loss reinsurance coverage on a defined portfolio of mortgage insurance policies. Under each agreement, NMIC retains a first layer of aggregate loss exposure on covered policies and the reinsurers then provide second layer loss protection up to a defined reinsurance coverage amount. The reinsurance coverage amount of each XOL Transaction is set to approximate the PMIERs minimum required assets of its reference pool and decreases from its peak over aten-year period in the event the PMIERs minimum required assets of the pool declines. NMIC retains losses in excess of the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount.

Under the terms of the XOL Transactions, NMIC makes risk premium payments to its third-party reinsurance providers for the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount and ceded aggregate premiums earned of $10.7 million and $31.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $9.8 million and $28.4 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. NMIC applies claims paid on covered policies against its first layer aggregate retained loss exposure under each agreement. NMIC did not cede any incurred losses on covered policies under the XOL Transactions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, as the aggregate first layer risk retention for each agreement was not exhausted during such periods.

NMIC holds optional termination rights which provide it the discretion to terminate each XOL Transaction on or after a specified date. NMIC may also elect to terminate the XOL Transactions at any point if the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount amortizes to 10% or less of the reinsurance coverage amount provided at inception, or if it determines that it will no longer be able to take full PMIERs asset credit for the coverage. Additionally, under the terms of the treaties, NMIC may selectively terminate its engagement with individual reinsurers under certain circumstances. Such selective termination rights arise when, among other reasons, a reinsurer experiences a deterioration in its capital position below a prescribed threshold, and/or a reinsurer breaches (and fails to cure) its collateral posting obligation.

Each of the third-party reinsurance providers that is party to the XOL Transactions has an insurer financial strength rating of A- or better by S&P Global Ratings (S&P), A.M. Best Company Inc. (A.M. Best) or both.

The following table presents the inception date, covered production period, initial and current reinsurance coverage amount, and initial and current first layer retained aggregate loss under each outstanding XOL Transaction. Current amounts are presented as of September 30, 2025.

(1) NMIC applies claims paid on covered policies against its first layer aggregate retained loss exposure and cedes reserves for incurred claims and claim expenses to each applicable XOL Transaction and recognizes a reinsurance recoverable if such incurred claims and claim expenses exceed its current first layer retained loss.

(2) Approximately 1% of the production covered by the 2022-1 XOL Transaction has coverage reporting dates between October 21, 2019 and September 30, 2021.

(3) Approximately 1% of the production covered by the 2022-2 XOL Transaction has coverage reporting dates between January 4, 2021 and March 31, 2022.

(4) The initial reinsurance coverage, current reinsurance coverage, initial first layer retained loss and current first layer retained loss for the 2025 XOL Transaction will increase as incremental covered production is ceded under the transaction through December 31, 2025.

Concurrent with the placement of the 2025 XOL, NMIC entered into an excess-of-loss reinsurance treaty that will provide aggregate coverage for mortgage insurance policies to be written in 2026 (the 2026 XOL Transaction). Under the terms of the agreement, NMIC will retain a first layer of aggregate loss exposure on covered policies and its reinsurance counterparties will then provide second layer loss protection up to a defined reinsurance coverage amount of $164.2 million. NMIC retains losses in excess of the respective reinsurance coverage amounts.

NMIC entered into an additional excess-of-loss reinsurance treaty that will provide aggregate coverage for mortgage insurance policies covered under the existing 2021-1 ILN Transaction from April 1, 2026 (the 2026-2 XOL Transaction), at the time of its early redemption. The treaty incepts on April 1, 2026 and will expire on March 31, 2036. Under the terms of the agreement, NMIC will retain a first layer of aggregate loss exposure on covered policies, and its reinsurance counterparties will then provide second layer loss protection up to a defined reinsurance coverage amount of $160 million subject to adjustment on the date of inception based on the persistency of the underlying reference pool through such date. NMIC retains losses in excess of the respective reinsurance coverage amounts.

Insurance-Linked Notes

NMIC is a party to reinsurance agreements with Oaktown Re VI Ltd. and Oaktown Re VII Ltd. (special purpose reinsurance entities collectively referred to as the Oaktown Re Vehicles) effective April 27, 2021 and October 26, 2021, respectively. Each agreement provides NMIC with aggregate excess-of-loss reinsurance coverage on a defined portfolio of mortgage insurance policies. Under each agreement, NMIC retains a first layer of aggregate loss exposure on covered policies and the respective Oaktown Re Vehicle then provides second layer loss protection up to a defined reinsurance coverage amount. NMIC then retains losses in excess of the respective reinsurance coverage amounts.

NMIC makes risk premium payments to the Oaktown Re Vehicles for the applicable outstanding reinsurance coverage amount and pays an additional amount for anticipated operating expenses (capped at $250 thousand per year). NMIC ceded aggregate premiums to the Oaktown Re Vehicles of $3.0 million and $9.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $4.3 million and $16.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

NMIC applies claims paid on covered policies against its first layer aggregate retained loss exposure under each excess-of-loss agreement. NMIC did not cede any incurred losses on covered policies to the Oaktown Re Vehicles during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, as the aggregate first layer risk retention for each applicable agreement was not exhausted during such periods.

Under the terms of each excess-of-loss reinsurance agreement, the Oaktown Re Vehicles are required to fully collateralize their outstanding reinsurance coverage amount to NMIC with funds deposited into segregated reinsurance trusts. Such trust funds are required to be invested in short-term U.S. Treasury money market funds at all times. Each Oaktown Re Vehicle financed its respective collateral requirement through the issuance of mortgage insurance-linked notes to unaffiliated investors. Such insurance-linked notes mature 12.5 years from the inception date of their associated reinsurance agreement. We refer to NMIC’s reinsurance agreements with and the insurance-linked note issuances by Oaktown Re Vehicles individually as the 2021-1 ILN Transaction and 2021-2 ILN Transaction, and collectively as the ILN Transactions.

The respective reinsurance coverage amounts provided by the Oaktown Re Vehicles decrease over a 12.5-year period as the underlying insured mortgages are amortized or repaid, and/or the mortgage insurance coverage is canceled. As the reinsurance coverage decreases, a prescribed amount of collateral held in trust by the Oaktown Re Vehicles is distributed to ILN Transaction noteholders as amortization of the outstanding insurance-linked note principal balances. The outstanding reinsurance coverage amounts stop amortizing, and the distribution of collateral assets to ILN Transaction noteholders and amortization of insurance-linked note principal is suspended if certain credit enhancement or delinquency thresholds, as defined in each agreement, are triggered (each, a Lock-Out Event).

NMIC holds optional termination rights under each ILN Transaction, including, among others, an optional call feature which provides NMIC the discretion to terminate the transaction on or after a prescribed date, and a clean-up call if the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount amortizes to 10% or less of the reinsurance coverage amount at inception or if NMIC reasonably determines that changes to GSE or rating agency asset requirements would cause a material and adverse effect on the capital treatment afforded to NMIC under a given agreement. In addition, there are certain events that trigger mandatory termination of an agreement, including NMIC’s failure to pay premiums or consent to reductions in a trust account to make principal payments to noteholders, among others.

The following table presents the inception date, covered production period, initial and current reinsurance coverage amount, and initial and current first layer retained aggregate loss under each outstanding ILN Transaction. Current amounts are presented as of September 30, 2025.

(1) NMIC applies claims paid on covered policies against its first layer aggregate retained loss exposure and cedes reserves for incurred claims and claim expenses to each applicable ILN Transaction and recognizes a reinsurance recoverable if such incurred claims and claim expenses exceed its current first layer retained loss.

(2) Approximately 1% of the production covered by the 2021-1 ILN Transaction has coverage reporting dates between July 1, 2019 and September 30, 2020.

(3) Approximately 2% of the production covered by the 2021-2 ILN Transaction has coverage reporting dates between July 1, 2019 and March 31, 2021.

Under the terms of our ILN Transactions, we are required to maintain a certain level of restricted funds in premium deposit accounts with Bank of New York Mellon until the respective notes have been redeemed in full.“Cash and Cash Equivalents” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets includes a de minimis restricted amount as of September 30, 2025 and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2024.

6. Reserves for Insurance Claims and Claim Expenses

We hold gross reserves in an amount equal to the estimated liability for insurance claims and claim expenses related to defaults on insured mortgage loans. A loan is considered to be in “default” as of the payment date at which a borrower has missed the preceding two or more consecutive monthly payments. We establish reserves for loans that have been reported to us in default by servicers, referred to as case reserves, and additional loans that we estimate (based on actuarial review and other factors) to be in default that have not yet been reported to us by servicers, referred to as incurred but not reported (IBNR) reserves. We also establish reserves for claim expenses, which represent the estimated cost of the claim administration process, including legal and other fees, as well as other general expenses of administering the claim settlement process. As of September 30, 2025, we held gross reserves for insurance claims and claim expenses of $180.3 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we paid 281 claims totaling $16.1 million, including 271 claims covered under the QSR Transactions representing $3.2 million of ceded claims and claim expenses.

We had 7,093 loans in default in our primary insured portfolio as of September 30, 2025, which represented a 1.05% default rate against 677,010 total policies in-force, and 6,642 loans in default in our primary portfolio as of December 31, 2024, which represented a 1.01% default rate against 659,567 total policies in-force. The size of the reserve we establish for each defaulted loan (and by extension our aggregate reserve for claims and claim expenses) reflects our best estimate of the future claim payment to be made for each individual loan in default. Our future claims exposure is a function of the number of defaulted loans that progress to claim payment (which we refer to as frequency) and the amount to be paid to settle such claims (which we refer to as severity). Our estimates of claims frequency and severity are not formulaic, rather they are broadly synthesized based on historical observed experience for similarly situated loans and assumptions about future macroeconomic factors.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross reserve balances for insurance claims and claim expenses:

(1) Related to ceded losses recoverable under the QSR Transactions. See Note 5, “Reinsurance” for additional information.

(2) Related to insured loans with their most recent defaults occurring in the current year. For example, if a loan defaulted in a prior year and subsequently cured and later re-defaulted in the current year, the default would be included in the current year. Amounts are presented net of reinsurance and included $77.2 million attributed to net case reserves and $9.8 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $63.2 million attributed to net case reserves and $7.0 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

(3) Related to insured loans with defaults occurring in prior years, which have been continuously in default before the start of the current year. Amounts are presented net of reinsurance and included $43.2 million attributed to net case reserves and $8.1 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $49.8 million attributed to net case reserves and $6.3 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

(4) Excludes aggregate termination fees of $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 incurred in connection with the termination of the 2016 QSR Transaction and amendment of the 2018 and 2021 QSR Transactions.

(5) Represents the settlement of reinsurance recoverables in conjunction with the termination of the 2016 QSR Transaction and amendment of the 2018 and 2021 QSR Transactions.

The “claims incurred” section of the table above shows claims and claim expenses incurred on defaults occurring in current and prior years, including IBNR reserves, and is presented net of reinsurance. The amount of claims incurred relating to current year defaults increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to an increase in the total number of new delinquencies emerging during the period tied to the growth and natural seasoning of our portfolio and an increase in the average case reserve established against newly defaulted loans. Our provision for claims and claim expenses during both the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 benefited from favorable development on prior year defaults. We recognized $52.4 million and $57.2 million of favorable prior year development during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily due to cure activity and ongoing analysis of recent loss development trends. We may increase or decrease our claim estimates and reserves as we learn additional information about individual defaulted loans, and continue to observe and analyze loss development trends in our portfolio. Gross reserves of $70.6 million related to prior year defaults remained as of September 30, 2025.

7. Earnings per Share (EPS)

Basic EPS is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted EPS is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and common stock equivalents that would be issuable upon the vesting of service-based and performance and service-based restricted stock units (RSUs), and the exercise of vested and unvested stock options.

The following table reconciles the net income and the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in the computations of basic and diluted EPS of common stock:

8. Segment Reporting

We manage our business activities on a consolidated basis under a single reportable operating segment and our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) serves as our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

Our Mortgage Insurance segment provides private mortgage insurance and ancillary loan review services, and our CODM evaluates our performance and allocates resources based on our consolidated financial results, including consolidated revenue, expenses, net income, assets and shareholders' equity. Our CODM reviews these financial metrics to gauge our performance and make strategic decisions, such as whether to reinvest profits in our Mortgage Insurance segment or return capital to shareholders.

The significant revenue and expense categories that are regularly reviewed by our CODM align with those presented on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, and segment assets align with total assets as those presented on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The accounting policies governing our Mortgage Insurance segment are the same as those described in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 2 - Summary of Accounting Principles” of our 2024 10-K.

Investment income, also referred to as interest revenue, is reported within “Net Investment Income” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and was $27.1 million and $76.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $22.8 million and $63.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Amortization and depreciation expense for software, equipment, and leasehold improvements was $2.8 million and $8.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $3.0 million and $9.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

9. Income Taxes

We are a U.S. taxpayer and are subject to a statutory U.S. federal corporate income tax rate of 21%. Taxable income is reported on our consolidated U.S. federal and various state income tax returns, filed by NMIH on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries. Our effective tax rate on pre-tax income was 22.4% and 22.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to 22.2% and 22.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Our provision for income taxes for interim reporting periods is established based on our estimated annual effective tax rate for a given year. Our effective tax rate may fluctuate between interim periods due to the impact of discrete items not included in our estimated annual effective tax rate, including the tax effects associated with the vesting of RSUs and exercise of options. Such items are treated on a discrete basis in the reporting period in which they occur.

As a mortgage guaranty insurance company, we are eligible to claim a tax deduction for our statutory contingency reserve balance, subject to certain limitations outlined under IRC Section 832(e), and only to the extent we acquire tax and loss bonds in an amount equal to the tax benefit derived from the claimed deduction, which is our intent. As a result, our interim provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 primarily represents a change in our net deferred tax liability. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we held $322.2 million of tax and loss bonds in“Prepaid Federal Income Taxes” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

10. Stockholders' Equity

On July 31, 2023, our Board of Directors authorized a $200 million share repurchase program (the 2023 Repurchase Program), effective through December 31, 2025. On February 5, 2025, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $250 million repurchase program (the 2025 Repurchase Program), effective through December 31, 2027, and extended the effectiveness of the 2023 Repurchase Program through December 31, 2027 to align its remaining tenor with that of the 2025 Repurchase Program. The authorizations provide us with the flexibility, based on market and business conditions, stock price and other factors, to repurchase stock from time to time through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or other means, including pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we repurchased 2.0 million shares at an average price of $37.33 per share (excluding associated costs and applicable taxes). As of September 30, 2025, we had $256.4 million of repurchase authority remaining.

11. Premiums Receivable, Net

Premiums receivable consists of premiums due on our mortgage insurance policies. If a mortgage insurance premium is unpaid for more than 120 days, the associated receivable is written off against earned premium and the related insurance policy is canceled. Premiums receivable may be written off prior to 120 days in the ordinary course of business for non-credit events including, but not limited to, the modification or refinancing of an underlying insured loan. We established a $1.5 million and $2.2 million reserve for premium write-offs at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

We separately recognize an allowance for credit losses for premiums receivable based on credit losses expected to arise over the life of the receivable. Due to the nature of our insurance policies (a necessary precondition for access to mortgage credit for covered borrowers) and the short duration of the related receivables, we do not typically experience credit losses against our premium receivables and the allowance for credit loss established on premium receivable was deemed immaterial at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

12. Regulatory Information

Statutory Requirements

Our insurance subsidiaries, NMIC and Re One, file financial statements in conformity with statutory accounting principles (SAP) prescribed or permitted by the Wisconsin OCI, NMIC's principal regulator. Prescribed SAP includes state laws, regulations and general administrative rules, as well as a variety of publications of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). The Wisconsin OCI recognizes only statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the state of Wisconsin for determining and reporting the financial condition and results of operations of an insurance company and for determining its solvency under Wisconsin insurance laws.

NMIC and Re One generated combined statutory net income of $30.7 million and $98.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to $20.0 million and $90.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

The Wisconsin OCI has imposed a prescribed accounting practice for the treatment of statutory contingency reserves that differs from the treatment promulgated by the NAIC. Under Wisconsin OCI's prescribed practice mortgage guaranty insurers are required to reflect changes in their contingency reserves through statutory income. Such approach contrasts with the NAIC's treatment, which records changes to contingency reserves directly to unassigned funds. As a Wisconsin-domiciled insurer, NMIC's statutory net income reflects an expense associated with the change in its contingency reserve. While such treatment impacts NMIC's statutory net income, it does not have an effect on NMIC's statutory capital position.

The following table presents NMIC's statutory surplus, contingency reserve, statutory capital and risk-to-capital (RTC) ratio as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(1) Represents the total of the statutory surplus and contingency reserve.

Re One had $2.1 million of statutory capital at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

NMIH is not subject to any limitations on its ability to pay dividends except those generally applicable to corporations that are incorporated in Delaware. Delaware law provides that dividends are only payable out of a corporation's capital surplus or, subject to certain limitations, recent net profits.

NMIC and Re One are subject to certain rules and regulations prescribed by jurisdictions in which they are authorized to operate and the GSEs that may restrict their ability to pay dividends to NMIH. NMIC has the capacity to pay $98.4 million of aggregate ordinary dividends to NMIH during the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2025, and, on June 2, 2025, NMIC paid a $98.4 million ordinary course dividend to NMIH.