Freshworks Inc

(UNAUDITED)

1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Freshworks Inc. (Freshworks, or the Company) is a software development company that provides software-as-a-service (SaaS) products that deliver modern and innovative AI-guided customer and employee service solutions that enable companies of all sizes to drive delightful engagement and increase productivity. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in 2010 and is headquartered in San Mateo, California.

On June 6, 2024, the Company acquired all outstanding shares of D42 Parent, Inc., (Device42), an IT asset management company, for approximately $238.1 million. See Note 6—Business Combination.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and all intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024, the condensed consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive loss, of cash flows, and of stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and the related notes to such condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and do not include all disclosures normally required in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. In management’s opinion, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2024 and its results of operations and cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other future interim or annual period.

The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of income and expense during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the following:

•determination of standalone selling price (SSP) for each distinct performance obligation included in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations;

•allowance for doubtful accounts;

•expected benefit period of deferred contract acquisition costs;

•capitalization of internal-use software development costs;

•fair value of goodwill;

•useful lives of long-lived assets, including intangible assets;

•valuation of deferred tax assets;

•valuation of employee defined benefit plan and other compensation liabilities;

•fair value of share-based awards; and

•incremental borrowing rate used for operating leases.

Concentrations of Risk

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are generally held with large financial institutions and are in excess of the federally insured limits provided on such deposits. In addition, the Company has cash and cash equivalents held in international bank accounts, which are denominated primarily in Euros, British Pounds, and Indian Rupees.

There were no customers that individually exceeded 10% of the Company’s revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 or that represented 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable balance as of June 30, 2024.

The Company primarily relies upon its third-party cloud infrastructure partner, Amazon Web Services, to serve customers and operate certain aspects of its services. Any disruption of this cloud infrastructure partner would impact the Company's operations and its business could be adversely impacted.

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company's significant accounting policies are described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no significant changes to these policies that have had a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, except for the addition of the following revenue recognition policy for the business acquired in June 2024 (see Note 6):

Software license revenue is generally sold as bundled arrangements that include the rights to a software license and maintenance. For these contracts, the transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on the basis of relative standalone selling price. Software license revenue consists of term licenses and is recognized upfront, upon making the software available to the customer. The associated software maintenance revenue is recognized as support and updates are provided, which is generally ratably over the contract term.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no recently issued accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

2. Revenue From Contracts with Customers

The Company primarily derives revenue from subscription fees and related professional services. The Company also sells software licenses with associated maintenance and professional services based on product offerings introduced upon the acquisition of Device42 in the quarter ended June 30, 2024.

The Company sells subscriptions and software licenses directly to customers and indirectly through channel partners through arrangements that are non-cancelable and non-refundable. The Company’s subscription arrangements do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the solutions and, as a result, are accounted for as service arrangements.

The Company records revenue net of sales or value-added taxes.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue by the Company’s product and service offerings (in thousands):

See Note 13 for revenue by geographic location.

Unbilled Receivables, Deferred Revenue and Remaining Performance Obligations

Unbilled receivables represent revenue recognized in excess of billings from non-cancellable multi-year contract arrangements. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $5.1 million and $0.2 million of unbilled receivables, respectively. Unbilled receivables are included within accounts receivable, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Deferred revenue consists of customer billings in excess of revenue being recognized.

Revenue recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of these periods was $127.8 million and $103.5 million, respectively. Revenue recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of these periods was $202.3 million and $155.1 million, respectively.

The aggregate balance of remaining performance obligations as of June 30, 2024 was $469.8 million. The Company expects to recognize $341.9 million of the balance as revenue in the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter. The aggregate balance of remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes unearned revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods.

Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs

The change in the balance of deferred contract acquisition costs during the periods presented is as follows (in thousands):

3. Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

Cash equivalents and available-for-sale debt securities consisted of the following as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for the securities that were in a continuous unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

The amortized cost and fair value of the available-for-sale debt securities based on contractual maturities are as follows (in thousands):

Accrued interest receivable of $4.3 million and $4.4 million was classified in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

In addition to available-for-sale debt securities, marketable securities also include term bond mutual funds, which are measured at fair value. As of June 30, 2024, we did not have any term bond mutual funds. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the term bond mutual funds was $1.6 million. The change in fair value of the term bond mutual funds is recorded in interest and other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The realized and unrealized gains recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations were not material during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

4. Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures its financial assets at fair value each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1—Inputs are observable and reflect quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3—Inputs that are unobservable.

Money market funds and U.S. treasury securities are classified within Level 1 because they are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. Other debt securities and investments are classified within Level 2 if the investments are valued using model driven valuations which use observable inputs such as quoted market prices, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Available-for-sale debt securities are held by custodians who obtain investment prices from a third-party pricing provider that incorporates standard inputs in various asset price models.

The Company did not have any assets or liabilities subject to fair value remeasurement on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

The fair value of derivative assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2024, and all related unrealized and realized gains and losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, were not material. As of June 30, 2024, the total notional amount of outstanding designated foreign currency forward contracts was $61.6 million.

5. Balance Sheet Components

Property and Equipment, net

The following table summarizes property and equipment, net as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

The following table summarizes depreciation expense and internal-use software capitalization and amortization for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the net carrying value of capitalized internal-use software was $14.5 million and $14.1 million, respectively

Accrued Liabilities

The following table summarizes accrued liabilities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Noncurrent liabilities include $21.6 million and $22.7 million of long term accrued compensation as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

6. Business Combinations

In June 2024, the Company acquired all outstanding shares of Device42, an IT asset management company. The total purchase price consideration is $238.1 million, which consists of $225.3 million in cash paid, including cash acquired, $8.9 million in issuance of common stock, and $3.9 million in assumed and converted stock option awards. The purchase price is subject to customary post-closing adjustments and conditions.

As part of the business combination, the Company assumed certain unvested, in-the-money options held by Device42's founder, which were converted into 511,770 replacement stock option awards issued pursuant to the Company's 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. These awards will vesttwo years from the closing date subject to continued employment The total fair value of the stock option awards was $5.7 million. The portion of the fair value of the assumed and converted awards that was related to pre-combination vesting was $3.9 million and is included as part of the consideration discussed above and the remaining $1.8 million is considered post-combination expense and will berecognized as compensation expense over the remaining service period. Refer to Note 10—Stockholders' Equity and Stock-Based Compensation for valuation of options.

The transaction costs associated with the acquisition were approximately $2.0 million and were recorded in general and administrative expense.

The Company expects to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition:

The excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities acquired was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill recognized isnot deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. The Company expects to derive value from the combination of Device42’s existing customer base, IT asset management technology, and trademarks, as well as through other synergies. Deferred tax liability was primarily driven by the fair value of intangible assets. The fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s best estimates and assumptions as of the acquisition date and are considered preliminary pending finalization of the valuation pertaining to intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, including deferred tax liabilities.

The customer relationships, developed technology, and trademarks will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 8 years,6 years, and 1 year, respectively. The Company used the income approach to estimate the fair value of intangible assets acquired.

The Company has included the operating results of Device42 in its condensed consolidated financial statements since the date of the acquisition. The revenue and net income of Device42 included in thecondensed consolidated statement of operations from the date of acquisition to June 30, 2024 were not material.

The following unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information is provided for informational purposes only and summarizes the Company's combined results of operations as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2023 (in thousands):

The unaudited supplemental pro forma results reflect certain adjustments for the amortization of acquired intangible assets, recognition of stock-based compensation, and acquisition-related transaction expenses. Such pro forma amounts are not necessarily indicative of the results that actually would have occurred had the acquisition been completed on the date indicated, nor is it indicative of the Company's future operating results.

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

The change in the carrying amounts of goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2024 is presented below:

Acquired intangible assets consist of developed technology, customer relationships and trademarks and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The following tables summarize acquired intangible assets as of June 30, 2024:

Amortization of acquired intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024, expected future amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

8. Leases

The Company has operating leases primarily for office space. The leases have remaining lease terms ofone toeight years, some of which include options to extend the lease for up to an additionalsix years. The Company's leases do not contain any residual value guarantee.

The following table presents various components of the lease costs (in thousands):

The weighted-average remaining term of the Company's operating leases and the weighted-average discount rate used to measure the present value of the operating lease liabilities are as follows:

The following table presents supplemental information arising from lease transactions. Cash payments related to short-term leases are not included in the measurement of the operating lease liabilities, and as such, are excluded from the amounts below (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024, maturities of the operating lease liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024, there were no future payments related to signed leases that have not yet commenced.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Other Contractual Commitments

The Company's other contractual commitments primarily consist of third-party cloud infrastructure agreements and service subscription purchase arrangements used to support operations at the enterprise level. As of June 30, 2024, other contractual commitments totaling $303.8 million remain outstanding under these agreements through 2028.

Litigation and Loss Contingencies

On November 1, 2022, a purported Company stockholder filed a securities class action complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company, certain of its current officers and directors, and underwriters of the Company's initial public offering (IPO). On April 14, 2023, the court-appointed lead plaintiff filed a consolidated amended class action complaint. The complaint alleges that defendants violated Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 by making material misstatements or omissions in offering documents filed in connection with the IPO. The complaint seeks unspecified damages, interest, fees, costs, and rescission on behalf of purchasers and/or acquirers of common stock issued in the IPO. On September 28, 2023, the court issued an order granting in part and denying in part defendants' motion to dismiss. The Company and the other defendants intend to vigorously defend against the remaining claims in this action.

On March 20, 2023, a purported stockholder derivative complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The complaint names as defendants the Company’s current directors, as well as the Company, as nominal defendant, and asserts state and federal claims based on some of the same alleged misstatements as the securities class action complaint. The derivative complaint seeks unspecified damages, attorneys’ fees, and other costs. On June 21, 2023, the court stayed the case in light of the pending securities class action. On October 16, 2023, the court extended the stay of the case in light of the pending securities class action. The Company and the other defendants intend to vigorously defend against the claims in this action.

From time to time, the Company has been and may be in the future subject to other legal proceedings, claims, investigations, and government inquiries (collectively, legal proceedings) in the ordinary course of business. It has received and may receive claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights, defamation, labor and employment rights, privacy, and contractual rights. There are no currently pending legal proceedings that the Company believes will have a material adverse impact on the business or condensed consolidated financial statements.

Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which the Company agrees to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including losses arising out of intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties, if the Company has violated applicable laws, if the Company is negligent or commits acts of willful misconduct, and other liabilities with respect to its products and services and its business. In these circumstances, payment is typically conditional on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract. The Company also indemnifies certain of its officers, directors and certain key employees while they are serving in good faith in their respective capacities. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its condensed consolidated financial statements.

10. Stockholders' Equity and Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Compensation Plans

In August 2021, the board of directors (the Board) adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2021 Plan) and the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), effective upon the IPO. Pursuant to the 2021 Plan, the Board may grant incentive stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, non-statutory stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSUs), performance awards (PRSUs) and other awards. The ESPP enables eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company's Class A common stock. Both the 2021 Plan and ESPP include an automatic increase to their shares reserve on January 1 of each year as set forth in the respective plan documents.

In August 2022, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2022 Inducement Plan (the Inducement Plan) in accordance with Listing Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Under the Inducement Plan, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs, PRSUs and other awards may be granted as an inducement material to an eligible person's entering into employment with the Company.

Shares of common stock outstanding and reserved for future issuance were as follows (in thousands):

(1)Outstanding shares include the Executive PRSUs and 2024 Executive Chairman Award, as discussed below, based on 100% achievement of target performance.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the ESPP, the price at which common stock is purchased is equal to 85% of the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the first day of the offering period or the applicable purchase date, whichever is lower. The fair market value of common stock will generally be the closing sales price on the determination date. The ESPP provides an offering period of 24 months, with four purchase periods that are generallysix months long and end on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The Company issued 308,059 and 367,319 shares under the ESPP in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in each case net of shares withheld and retired to satisfy withholding tax requirements for certain employees in jurisdictions outside the United States. The weighted average purchase price per share was $11.85 with aggregate net proceeds of $3.6 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and the weighted average purchase price was $11.87 with aggregate net proceeds of $4.3 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

The ESPP also includes a reset provision for the purchase price if the fair market value of a share of the Company's common stock on the first day of any purchase period is less than or equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company's common stock on the first day of an ongoing offering. If the reset provision is triggered, a new 24-month offering period begins. The reset provision under the ESPP was triggered in May 2022, November 2022 and May 2024. Each triggering of the reset provision was considered a modification in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Based Compensation, with the modification charge recognized on a straight-line basis over the new offering period. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company's stock-based compensation expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Stock-based compensation expense related to ESPP was $1.3 million and $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2.5 million and $4.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Determination of Fair Value of the ESPP

The Company estimates the fair value of the ESPP using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires certain complex valuation assumption inputs such as expected term, expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield. The fair value of each of the four purchase periods is estimated separately. The following table summarizes the range of valuation assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the ESPP during the period:

Stock Options

Stock options are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant, have a 10-year contractual term, and vest over afour-year period.

(1)Aggregate intrinsic value for stock options represents the difference between the exercise price and the per share fair value of the Company’s common stock as of the end of the period, multiplied by the number of stock options outstanding, exercisable, or vested.

The weighted-average grant date fair value per share of the assumed and converted stock options related to the Device42 acquisition was $11.09 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, of which approximately $1.8 million was related to post-combination services and will be recognized as stock-based compensation over requisite service period oftwo years (Note 6).

Determination of Fair Value of the Stock Options

The Company estimates the fair value of the stock options assumed in its acquisition using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires certain complex valuation assumption inputs such as expected term, expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield. There were no stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2024, other than the stock options assumed as part of the Device42 acquisition. The following table summarizes the range of valuation assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the stock options during the period:

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs are granted at fair market value at the date of the grant and typically vest over afour-year period.

RSU activity, which includes PRSUs, during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was as follows:

(1) During the six months ended June 30, 2024, shares granted includes 0.9 million shares granted to the Executive Chairman as long-term equity incentive award accounted for as a modification with a weighted average grant date fair value of $69.78 per share. Refer to the Executive Chairman Awards discussion below.

(2) During the six months ended June 30, 2024, total shares that vested were 5.1 million, of which 1.9 million were withheld for tax purposes.

(3) Shares forfeited includes the cancellation of the 2021 Executive Chairman Performance Award consisting of 6,000,000 PRSUs discussed in the Executive Chairman Awards section below.

The total fair value of vested RSUs during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $43.5 million and $47.5 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the total fair value of vested RSUs was $88.6 million and $86.4 million, respectively.

Performance-Based Awards

Executive Chairman Awards

In September 2021, the Board approved a grant of 6,000,000 PRSUs to the Company's then CEO, now current Executive Chairman, with a time-based service condition beginning January 1, 2022, and a market condition involving five separate stock price hurdles ranging from $70.00 to $200.00 per share for each of thefive vesting tranches (2021 Executive Chairman Performance Award). The 2021 Executive Chairman Performance Award had a total grant date fair value of $131.0 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized $4.6 million related to this 2021 Executive Chairman Performance Award prior to the modification effective March 1, 2024 discussed below. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized $7.0 million and $13.9 million of stock-based compensation expense related to this 2021 Executive Chairman Performance Award, respectively.

As a result of macroeconomic conditions outside the control of the Company’s leadership team, thefive separate stock price hurdles were considered by the Board to be too high for the 2021 Executive Chairman Performance Award to have the retention value expected at the time the award was granted. In February 2024, the

Board approved the cancellation of the 2021 Executive Chairman Performance Award and the grant of a 2024 Executive Chairman Award with a fair value of $19 million, both effective March 1, 2024.

The Company accounted for the 2024 Executive Chairman Award as a modification. There wereno incremental costs recognized as a result of the modification and the remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation expense from the 2021 Executive Chairman Performance Award of $61.9 million will be recognized over the vesting period of the new 2024 Executive Chairman Award. The 2024 Executive Chairman Award comprised of 70% time-based RSUs that vest quarterly over four years and 30% PRSUs with the same terms as the Executive PRSUs discussed below. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized $5.8 million and $7.7 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to the 2024 Executive Chairman Award.

Executive PRSUs

In February 2024, the Board approved PRSUs to be granted to certain members of the executive team (Executive PRSUs), subject to service and performance-based vesting conditions. The performance-based vesting conditions include revenue and free cash flow targets over the performance period from January 1 to December 31, 2024, and vest over 3 years from the grant date.70% and 30% of each Executive PRSU award will be earned based on the Company’s achievement of revenue and free cash flow targets, respectively. The performance targets allow the Company's executives to earn up to a maximum of 177.5% of target performance in the aggregate for significant outperformance.

The fair value of each PRSU is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation associated with these Executive PRSUs is recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period, based on the Company's periodic assessment of the probability that the performance will be achieved. For thethree and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized $1.9 million and $2.5 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the Executive PRSUs, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation expense recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in thousands):

(1) Stock-based compensation expense recorded to research and development in the consolidated statements of operations excludes amounts that were capitalized for internal-use software.

(2) General and administrative expense includes stock-based compensation associated with RSUs and PRSUs granted to our former CEO (now Executive Chairman) of $12.7 million and $13.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $26.2 million and $27.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards was as follows (in thousands, except for period data):

11. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the number of weighted-average outstanding shares of common stock. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is determined by giving effect to all potential common equivalents during the reporting period, unless including them yields an antidilutive result. The Company considers its stock options and RSUs as potential common stock equivalents, but excluded them from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, as their effect was antidilutive.

The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting, conversion, and transfer rights. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis to each class of common stock and the resulting basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, are the same for both Class A and Class B common stock on both an individual and combined basis.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except per share data):

The following table summarizes the potential common equivalents that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders for the periods presented (in thousands):

12. Income Taxes

The Company's quarterly tax provision and estimates of its annual effective tax rate are estimates due to several factors, including changes in pre-tax income (or loss), the mix of jurisdictions to which such income relates, discrete items (such as windfalls or shortfalls from stock-based compensation) in the period offset with our valuation allowance. The income tax benefit was$10.4 million and the income tax expense was $3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively; and the income tax benefit was$6.4 million and the income tax expense was$7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change in income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in the prior year is primarily due to a tax benefit of $14.3 million from the Device42 acquisition, partially offset by higher tax expenses due to higher foreign profits before tax.

The increase in tax benefit of $14.3 million in this period is primarily due to the net deferred tax liability generated from the acquisition of Device42, which provided sufficient taxable income to release valuation allowance.

13. Geographic Information

Revenue by geographic location is determined based on the customers' billing address. The following table summarizes revenue by geographic location (in thousands):

Revenue from North America consists primarily of revenue from the United States. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, revenue generated from the United States was $70.4 million and $57.3 million, or approximately 40% and 39% of total consolidated revenue, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, revenue generated from the United States was $136.2 million and $111.2 million, or 40% and 39% of total consolidated revenue, respectively.

The United Kingdom, included within Europe, Middle East and Africa in the table above, contributed $22.2 million and $18.4 million, or approximately 13% and 12% of total consolidated revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, revenue generated from the United Kingdom was $43.4 million and $35.5 million, or 13% and 12% of the total consolidated revenue, respectively.

Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment and ROU assets. The following table summarizes long-lived assets by geographic information (in thousands):

Long-lived assets in North America are primarily located in the United States, and long-lived assets in Asia Pacific are primarily located in India.