Voya Financial, Inc.

14. Insurance Subsidiaries

Principal Insurance Subsidiaries Statutory Equity and Income

Each of Voya Financial, Inc.'stwo principal insurance subsidiaries (the "Principal Insurance Subsidiaries") is subject to minimum risk-based capital ("RBC") requirements established by the insurance departments of their respective states of domicile. The formulas for determining the amount of RBC specify various weighting factors that are applied to financial balances or various levels of activity based on the perceived degree of risk. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of total adjusted capital ("TAC"), as defined by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"), to authorized control level RBC, as defined by the NAIC. Each of the Company's Principal Insurance Subsidiaries exceeded the minimum RBC requirements that would require any regulatory or corrective action for all periods presented herein.

The Company's Principal Insurance Subsidiaries are each required to prepare statutory financial statements in accordance with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance department of its respective state of domicile. Such statutory accounting practices primarily differ from U.S. GAAP by charging policy acquisition costs to expense as incurred, establishing future policy benefit liabilities and contract owner account balances using different actuarial assumptions as well as valuing investments and certain assets and accounting for deferred taxes on a different basis. Certain assets that are not admitted under statutory accounting principles are charged directly to surplus. Depending on the regulations of the insurance department of an insurance company's state of domicile, the entire amount or a portion of an insurance company's asset balance can be non- admitted based on the specific rules regarding admissibility. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Principal Insurance Subsidiaries have no prescribed or permitted practices that materially impact total capital and surplus.

Statutory Net income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 and statutory capital and surplus as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 of the Company's Principal Insurance Subsidiaries were as follows:

All of the Company's Principal Insurance Subsidiaries have capital and surplus levels that exceed their respective regulatory minimum requirements.

Insurance Subsidiaries Dividend Restrictions

The states in which the insurance subsidiaries of Voya Financial, Inc. are domiciled impose certain restrictions on the subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends to their parent. These restrictions are based in part on the prior year's statutory income and surplus. In general, dividends up to specified levels are considered ordinary and may be paid without prior approval. Dividends in larger amounts, or "extraordinary" dividends, are subject to approval by the insurance commissioner of the state of domicile of the insurance subsidiary proposing to pay the dividend.

Under the insurance laws applicable to Voya Financial, Inc.'s insurance subsidiaries domiciled in Connecticut and Minnesota, an "extraordinary" dividend or distribution is defined as a dividend or distribution that, together with other dividends and distributions made within the preceding twelve months, exceeds the greater of (i)10% of the insurer's policyholder surplus as of the preceding December 31, or (ii) the insurer's net gain from operations for the twelve-month period ending the preceding December 31, in each case determined in accordance with statutory accounting principles. In addition, under the insurance laws of Connecticut and Minnesota, no dividend or other distribution exceeding an amount equal to a domestic insurance company's earned surplus may be paid without the domiciliary insurance regulator's prior approval.

The Company's Principal Insurance Subsidiaries domiciled in Connecticut and Minnesota have both created ordinary dividend capacity in 2025. Any extraordinary dividend payment would be subject to domiciliary insurance regulatory approval, which can be granted or withheld at the discretion of the regulator.

Principal Insurance Subsidiaries - Dividends and Return of Capital

The following table summarizes dividends permitted to be paid by the Company's Principal Insurance Subsidiaries to Voya Financial, Inc. or Voya Holdings without the need for insurance regulatory approval, and dividends paid by each of the Company's Principal Insurance Subsidiaries to its parent for the periods indicated:

(1)None of the dividends paid during the periods presented were considered extraordinary distributions.