Kosmos Energy Ltd

1. Organization

Kosmos Energy Ltd. is incorporated in the State of Delaware as a holding company for Kosmos Energy Delaware Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. As a holding company, Kosmos Energy Ltd.’s management operations are conducted through a wholly-owned subsidiary, Kosmos Energy, LLC. The terms “Kosmos,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “ours,” and similar terms refer to Kosmos Energy Ltd. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

Kosmos is a full-cycle, deepwater, independent oil and gas exploration and production company focused along the offshore Atlantic Margins. Our key assets include production offshore Ghana, Equatorial Guinea and the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, as well as world-class gas projects offshore Mauritania and Senegal. We also pursue a proven basin exploration program in Equatorial Guinea and the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Kosmos is listed on the NYSE and LSE and is traded under the ticker symbol KOS.

Kosmos is engaged in a single line of business, which is the exploration, development, and production of oil and natural gas. Substantially all of our long-lived assets and all of our product sales are related to operations infour geographic areas: Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, Mauritania/Senegal and the U.S. Gulf of Mexico.

2. Accounting Policies

General

The interim consolidated financial statements included in this report are unaudited and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. The results of the interim periods shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of the final results to be expected for the full year. The interim consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with the requirements of the SEC for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain notes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted from these interim consolidated financial statements. These interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in our annual report on Form 10-K.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no significant impact on our reported net income, current assets, total assets, current liabilities, total liabilities, stockholders’ equity or cash flows.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits and funds invested in highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase.

Joint Interest Billings

The Company’s joint interest billings consist of receivables from partners with interests in common oil and gas properties operated by the Company for shared costs. Joint interest billings are classified on the face of the consolidated balance sheets as current and long-term receivables based on when collection is expected to occur.

Inventories

Inventories consisted of $148.4 million and $143.0 million of materials and supplies and $27.8 million and $9.1 million of hydrocarbons as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company’s materials and supplies inventory primarily consists of casing and wellheads and is stated at the lower of cost, using the weighted average cost method, or net realizable value.

Hydrocarbon inventory is carried at the lower of cost, using the weighted average cost method, or net realizable value. Hydrocarbon inventory costs include expenditures and other charges incurred in bringing the inventory to its existing condition. Selling expenses and general and administrative expenses are reported as period costs and excluded from inventory costs.

Revenue Recognition

Our oil and gas revenues are recognized when hydrocarbons have been sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, title has transferred and collection is probable. Certain revenues are based on contracts with provisional pricing and quantity optionality which contain a derivative that is separated from the host contract for accounting purposes. The host contract is the receivable from oil sales at the spot price on the date of sale. The derivative, which is not designated as a hedge, is marked to market through oil and gas revenue each period until the final settlement occurs, which generally is limited to the month of or month after the sale.

Oil and gas revenue is composed of the following:

Concentration of Credit Risk

Our revenue can be materially affected by current economic conditions and the price of oil and natural gas. However, based on the current demand for crude oil and natural gas and the fact that alternative purchasers are readily available, we believe that the loss of our purchasers and/or marketing agents would not have a long‑term material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Recent Accounting Standards

Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740).” The amendments focus on income tax disclosures around effective tax rates and cash income taxes paid. The amendments in the ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, however, we do not plan to early adopt ASU 2023-09.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendment requires disclosures of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, this guidance should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on disclosures.

3. Acquisitions and Divestitures

In March 2024, Kosmos completed the acquisition of an additional 16.7% participating interest in the Tiberius area in Keathley Canyon Blocks 920 and 964 offshore U.S. Gulf of Mexico. As a result of the transaction, Kosmos’ participating interest in Tiberius is increased from 33.3% to 50.0%.

4. Receivables

Receivables consisted of the following:

The Company’s joint interest billings consist of receivables from partners with interests in common oil and gas properties operated by the Company for shared costs. Joint interest billings are classified as current and long-term receivables based on when collection is expected to occur.

Long-term receivables

In February 2019, Kosmos and BP signed Carry Advance Agreements with the national oil companies of Mauritania and Senegal obligating us to finance a portion of the respective national oil company’s share of certain development costs incurred through first gas production for Greater Tortue Ahmeyim Phase 1. The amount financed by Kosmos is to be repaid with interest through the national oil companies’ share of future revenues. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the principal balance due from the national oil companies was $261.7 million and $259.2 million, respectively, which is classified as Long-term receivables in our consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accrued interest on the balance due from the national oil companies was $42.0 million and $37.3 million, respectively, which is classified as Long-term receivables in our consolidated balance sheets. Interest income on the long-term notes receivable was $4.6 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

In August 2021, BP as the operator of the Greater Tortue project (“BP Operator”), with the consent of the Greater Tortue Unit participants and the respective States, agreed to sell the Greater Tortue FPSO to an affiliate of BP Operator (“BP Buyer”) once construction is completed by Technip Energies and the Greater Tortue FPSO has been commissioned (the “FPSO Handover”). The Greater Tortue FPSO will be leased back to BP Operator under a long-term lease agreement, for exclusive use in the Greater Tortue project. Delivery of the Greater Tortue FPSO to BP Buyer will occur upon the FPSO Handover, with the lease to BP Operator becoming effective on the same date, currently targeted to be in the third quarter of 2024.

In Ghana, the foreign contractor group funded GNPC’s 5% share of TEN development costs. The foreign contractor group is being reimbursed for such costs plus interest out of a portion of GNPC’s TEN production revenues. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the long-term portions of joint interest billing receivables due from GNPC for the TEN Fields development costs were $27.8 million and $28.7 million.

5. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost and consisted of the following:

We recorded depletion expense of $92.2 million and $101.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, additions to our proved properties primarily related to continued infill development in the Jubilee Field in Ghana, continued progress on the development of the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim project in Mauritania/Senegal, and the Winterfell development project and Odd Job Field subsea pump installation in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico.

6. Suspended Well Costs

The following table reflects the Company’s capitalized exploratory well costs on drilled wells as of and during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table provides an aging of capitalized exploratory well costs based on the date drilling was completed and the number of projects for which exploratory well costs have been capitalized for more than one year since the completion of drilling:

As of March 31, 2024, the projects with exploratory well costs capitalized for more than one year since the completion of drilling are related to the Yakaar and Teranga discoveries in the Cayar Offshore Profond block offshore Senegal and the Asam discovery in Block S offshore Equatorial Guinea.

Yakaar and Teranga Discoveries — In May 2016, we drilled the Teranga-1 exploration well in the Cayar Offshore Profond block offshore Senegal, which encountered hydrocarbon pay. In June 2017, we drilled the Yakaar-1 exploration well in the Cayar Offshore Profond block offshore Senegal, which encountered hydrocarbon pay. In November 2017, an integrated Yakaar-Teranga appraisal plan was submitted to the government of Senegal. In September 2019, we drilled the Yakaar-2 appraisal well which encountered hydrocarbon pay. The Yakaar-2 well was drilled approximately nine kilometers from the Yakaar-1 exploration well. In March 2024, the current phase of the Cayar Block exploration license was extended an additionaltwo years to July 2026. The Yakaar and Teranga discoveries are being analyzed as a joint development. During 2024, we have continued progressing appraisal studies and maturing concept design. Following additional evaluation, a final investment decision for the development of the project is expected to be made.

Asam Discovery — In October 2019, we drilled the S-5 exploration well offshore Equatorial Guinea, which encountered hydrocarbon pay. The discovery was subsequently named Asam. In July 2020, an appraisal work program was approved by the government of Equatorial Guinea. The well is located within tieback range of the Ceiba FPSO and the appraisal work program is currently ongoing to integrate all available data into models to establish the scale of the discovered resource and evaluate the optimum development solution. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we received approval from the Government of Equatorial Guinea to enter the second sub-period phase of the Block S exploration license with a scheduled expiration in December 2024. Additionally, in December 2022 the Asam Field appraisal report was submitted to the Government of Equatorial Guinea. During 2024, studies and concept design continued to progress. Following additional evaluation, a decision regarding commerciality is expected to be made.

7. Debt

Facility

The Facility supports our oil and gas exploration, appraisal and development programs and corporate activities. In October 2023, during the Fall 2023 redetermination, the Company’s lending syndicate approved a borrowing base capacity of $1.25 billion and as of March 31, 2024, the undrawn availability under the Facility was $450.0 million. The borrowing base amount is based on the sum of the net present values of net cash flows and relevant capital expenditures reduced by certain percentages as well as value attributable to certain assets’ reserves and/or resources in the Company’s production assets in Ghana and Equatorial Guinea.

In April 2024, in conjunction with the spring borrowing base redetermination, the Company agreed to an amendment and restatement of the Facility. The amendment includes the following material changes: an increase in the Facility size to $1.35 billion (from $1.25 billion), an increase in the interest margin by 0.25% or 0.50%, depending on the length of time that has passed from the date the Facility was entered into, and an extension in the tenor by approximately three years (final maturity date now occurs December 31, 2029). The amended Facility size of approximately $1.35 billion is capped by total commitments of approximately $1.2 billion. As part of the amendment, the Company estimates approximately $22.0 million for loss on extinguishment of debt during the second quarter of 2024.

As amended, interest on the Facility is the aggregate of the applicable margin (4.00% to 5.50%, depending on the length of time that has passed from the date the Facility was entered into), plus the term SOFR reference rate administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited for the relevant period published. Interest is payable on the last day of each interest period (and, if the interest period is longer thansix months, on the dates falling atsix-month intervals after the first day of the interest period). We pay commitment fees on the undrawn and unavailable portion of the total commitments, if any. Commitment fees are equal to 30% per annum of the then-applicable respective margin when a commitment is available for utilization and, equal to 20% per annum of the then-applicable respective margin when a commitment is not available for utilization. We recognize interest expense in accordance with ASC 835 — Interest, which requires interest expense to be recognized using the effective interest method. We determined the effective interest rate based on the estimated level of borrowings under the Facility.

The Facility provides a revolving credit and letter of credit facility. As of March 31, 2024, we had no letters of credit issued under the Facility.

We were in compliance with the financial covenants contained in the Facility as of March 31, 2024 (the most recent assessment date). The Facility, as amended, contains customary cross default provisions.

Corporate Revolver

The Corporate Revolver is available for general corporate purposes and for oil and gas exploration, appraisal and development programs. As of March 31, 2024, there wereno outstanding borrowings under the Corporate Revolver and the undrawn availability was $250.0 million with an expiration date of December 31, 2024.

In April 2024, in connection with the amendment and restatement of the Facility, we amended the Corporate Revolver reducing the borrowing capacity from $250.0 million to approximately $165 million. All of the commitments that were cancelled (either in full or in part) under the Corporate Revolver were transferred to the Facility as part of the amendment and restatement. There is no change to the final maturity date of December 31, 2024.

The Company capitalized $6.1 million of deferred financing costs associated with entering into the revolving credit facility in March 2022, which is being amortized over the term of the new revolving credit facility. Interest on the Corporate Revolver is the aggregate of a 7.0% margin, the term SOFR reference rate administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited for the relevant period published and a credit adjustment spread. Interest is payable on the last day of each interest period (and, if the interest period is longer than six months, on the dates falling atsix-month intervals after the first day of the interest period). We pay commitment fees on the undrawn portion of the total commitments. Commitment fees for the lenders are equal to 30% per annum of the respective margin when a commitment is available for utilization.

We were in compliance with the financial covenants contained in the Corporate Revolver as of March 31, 2024 (the most recent assessment date). The Corporate Revolver contains customary cross default provisions.

7.125% Senior Notes due 2026

In April 2019, the Company issued $650.0 million of 7.125% Senior Notes and received net proceeds of approximately $640.0 million after deducting fees.

The 7.125% Senior Notes mature on April 4, 2026. Interest is payable in arrears each April 4 and October 4, commencing on October 4, 2019. The 7.125% Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of Kosmos Energy Ltd. and rank equal in right of payment with all of its existing and future senior indebtedness (including all borrowings under the Corporate Revolver,7.750% Senior Notes, the 7.500% Senior Notes and the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes) and rank effectively junior in right of payment to all of its existing and future secured indebtedness (including all borrowings under the Facility). The 7.125% Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by certain subsidiaries owning the Company's U.S. Gulf of Mexico assets and the interests acquired in the Anadarko WCTP acquisition, and on a subordinated, unsecured basis by certain subsidiaries that borrow under, or guarantee, the Facility and that guarantee the Corporate Revolver, the 7.750% Senior Notes, the 7.500% Senior Notes and the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes. The 7.125% Senior Notes contain customary cross default provisions.

7.750% Senior Notes due 2027

In October 2021, the Company issued $400.0 million of 7.750% Senior Notes and received net proceeds of approximately $395.0 million after deducting fees.

The 7.750% Senior Notes mature on May 1, 2027. Interest is payable in arrears each May 1 and November 1, commencing on May 1, 2022. The 7.750% Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of Kosmos Energy Ltd. and rank equal in right of payment with all of its existing and future senior indebtedness (including all borrowings under the Corporate Revolver, the 7.125% Senior Notes, the 7.500% Senior Notes and the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes) and rank effectively junior in right of payment to all of its existing and future secured indebtedness (including all borrowings under the Facility). The 7.750% Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by certain subsidiaries owning the Company's U.S. Gulf of Mexico assets and the interests acquired in the Anadarko WCTP acquisition, and on a subordinated, unsecured basis by certain subsidiaries that borrow under, or guarantee, the Facility and that guarantee the Corporate Revolver, the 7.125% Senior Notes, the 7.500% Senior Notes and the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes. The 7.750% Senior Notes contain customary cross default provisions.

7.500% Senior Notes due 2028

In March 2021, the Company issued $450.0 million of 7.500% Senior Notes and received net proceeds of approximately $444.4 million after deducting fees.

The 7.500% Senior Notes mature on March 1, 2028. Interest is payable in arrears each March 1 and September 1, commencing on September 1, 2021. The 7.500% Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of Kosmos Energy Ltd. and rank equal in right of payment with all of its existing and future senior indebtedness (including all borrowings under the Corporate Revolver, the 7.125% Senior Notes, the 7.750% Senior Notes and the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes) and rank effectively junior in right of payment to all of its existing and future secured indebtedness (including all borrowings under the Facility). The 7.500% Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by certain subsidiaries owning the Company's U.S. Gulf of Mexico assets and the interests in the Anadarko WCTP acquisition, and on a subordinated, unsecured basis by certain subsidiaries that borrow under, or guarantee, the Facility and that guarantee the Corporate Revolver, and the 7.125% Senior Notes, the 7.750% Senior Notes and the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes. The 7.500% Senior Notes contain customary cross default provisions.

3.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030

In March 2024, the Company issued $400.0 million of 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes (the “3.125% Convertible Senior Notes”) and received net proceeds of $390.4 million after deducting fees.

The 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes mature on March 15, 2030, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. Interest is payable in arrears each March 15 and September 15, commencing September 15, 2024. The 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of Kosmos Energy Ltd. and rank equal in right of payment with all of its existing and future senior indebtedness (including all borrowings under the Corporate Revolver, the 7.125% Senior Notes, the 7.750% Senior Notes and the 7.500% Senior Notes) and rank effectively junior in right of payment to all of its existing and future secured indebtedness (including all borrowings under the Facility, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness). The 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by certain of our existing subsidiaries that guarantee on a senior basis the Corporate Revolver, the 7.125% Senior Notes, the 7.750% Senior Notes and the 7.500% Senior Notes, and, in certain circumstances, certain of our other existing or future subsidiaries. The 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes are guaranteed on a subordinated, unsecured basis by certain of our existing subsidiaries that borrow under or guarantee the Facility and guarantee on a subordinated basis the Corporate Revolver and the 7.125% Senior Notes, the 7.750% Senior Notes and the 7.500% Senior Notes, and, in certain circumstances, certain of our other existing or future subsidiaries.

Holders of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes may convert all or any portion of their 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2029 only under the following circumstances:

•during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2024 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

•during thefive business day period after anyfive consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

•if we call any or all of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes for redemption, the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption may be converted at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

•upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events.

On or after December 15, 2029 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert at any time all or any portion of their 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes at the option of the holder.

The conversion rate for the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes is initially 142.4501 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes (which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $7.02 per share of our common stock), subject to adjustments.

Upon conversion, we will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes to be converted and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of our conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes being converted. The amount of cash and shares of our common stock, if any, due upon conversion will be based on a daily conversion value calculated on a proportionate basis for each trading day in a 40 consecutive trading day observation period.

In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if we deliver a notice of redemption, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes in connection with such a corporate event or to convert its 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption in connection with such notice of redemption, as the case may be.

Other than in connection with certain tax law changes, we may not redeem the notes prior to March 22, 2027. We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes, at our option, on or after March 22, 2027 and prior to the 41st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide the related notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. We are not required to redeem or retire the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes periodically. We may not elect to redeem less than all of the outstanding 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes unless at least $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes are outstanding and not subject to redemption as of the time we send the related redemption notice. The 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes indenture contains customary terms and covenants.

The Company has recorded the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes, including the debt itself and all embedded derivatives, at cost less debt issuance costs of $9.6 million and presented the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes as a single financial instrument in Long-term debt, net in our consolidated balance sheet. No portion of the embedded derivatives required bifurcation from the host debt contract.

Capped Call Transactions

In connection with the issuance of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company used $49.8 million of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes to enter into capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”). The Capped Call Transactions are generally expected to reduce potential dilution to holders of our common stock upon any conversion of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments that we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of any 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes that are converted, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.

The Capped Call Transactions have an initial cap price of $10.80 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of our common stock on March 5, 2024, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. The Capped Call Transactions cover, initially, the number of shares of our common stock underlying the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes.

The Capped Call Transactions qualify for a derivative scope exception as they are indexed to our common stock and are not required to be accounted for as a separate derivative. Consequently, the Capped Call Transactions have been included as a net reduction to additional-paid-in-capital within stockholders’ equity in our consolidated balance sheet and do not require subsequent remeasurement.

Principal Debt Repayments

At March 31, 2024, before consideration of the Facility amendment, the estimated repayments of debt during the five fiscal year periods and thereafter are as follows:

(1)Includes the scheduled maturities for outstanding principal debt balances. The scheduled maturities of debt related to the Facility as of March 31, 2024 are based on our level of borrowings and our estimated future available borrowing base commitment levels in future periods. Any increases or decreases in the level of borrowings or increases or decreases in the available borrowing base would impact the scheduled maturities of debt during the next five years and thereafter. In April 2024, the Company agreed to an amendment and restatement of the Facility. As part of the amendment, the overall Facility size was increased from $1.25 billion to $1.35 billion. The amendment includes athree-year extension, with the Facility’s final maturity now in December 2029 extending the first repayment installment to be on April 1, 2027, rather than October 1, 2024.

(2)Represents payments for the period April 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024.

Interest and other financing costs, net

Interest and other financing costs, net incurred during the periods is comprised of the following:

Cash payments for interest totaled $30.4 million and $35.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Capitalized interest of $42.4 million and $30.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, primarily relates to spend on the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim Phase 1 project. After first gas production on the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim Phase 1 project, which is targeted in the third quarter of 2024, we will no longer capitalize interest on the project.

8. Derivative Financial Instruments

We use financial derivative contracts to manage exposures to commodity price and interest rate fluctuations. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

We manage market and counterparty credit risk in accordance with our policies and guidelines. In accordance with these policies and guidelines, our management determines the appropriate timing and extent of derivative transactions. We have included an estimate of non-performance risk in the fair value measurement of our derivative contracts as required by ASC 820 — Fair Value Measurement.

Oil Derivative Contracts

The following table sets forth the volumes in barrels underlying the Company’s outstanding oil derivative contracts and the weighted average prices per Bbl for those contracts as of March 31, 2024. Volumes and weighted average prices are net of any offsetting derivative contracts entered into.

The following tables disclose the Company’s derivative instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and gain/(loss) from derivatives during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Derivative Liabilities

Our derivative instruments which are subject to master netting arrangements with our counterparties only have the right of offset when there is an event of default. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was not an event of default and, therefore, the associated gross asset or gross liability amounts related to these arrangements are presented on the consolidated balance sheets.

9. Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with ASC 820 — Fair Value Measurement, fair value measurements are based upon inputs that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, which are classified into two categories: observable inputs and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs represent market data obtained from independent sources, whereas unobservable inputs reflect a company’s own market assumptions, which are used if observable inputs are not reasonably available without undue cost and effort. We prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value into the following fair value hierarchy:

•Level 1 — quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

•Level 3 — unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The fair value input hierarchy level to which an asset or liability measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement in its entirety.

The following tables present the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, for each fair value hierarchy level:

The book values of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate fair value based on Level 1 inputs. Joint interest billings, oil sales and other receivables, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Our long-term receivables, after any allowances for credit losses, and other long-term assets approximate fair value. The estimates of fair value of these items are based on Level 2 inputs.

Commodity Derivatives

Our commodity derivatives represent crude oil collars, put options and call options for notional barrels of oil at fixed Dated Brent or NYMEX WTI oil prices. The values attributable to our oil derivatives are based on (i) the contracted notional volumes, (ii) independent active futures price quotes for the respective index, (iii) a credit-adjusted yield curve applicable to each counterparty by reference to the credit default swap (“CDS”) market and (iv) an independently sourced estimate of volatility for the respective index. The volatility estimate was provided by certain independent brokers who are active in buying and selling oil options and was corroborated by market-quoted volatility factors. The deferred premium is included in the fair market value of the commodity derivatives. See Note 8 — Derivative Financial Instruments for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments.

Provisional Oil Sales

The value attributable to provisional oil sales derivatives is based on (i) the sales volumes and (ii) the difference in the independent active futures price quotes for the respective index over the term of the pricing period designated in the sales contract and the spot price on the lifting date.

Debt

The following table presents the carrying values and fair values at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The carrying values of our 7.125% Senior Notes,7.750% Senior Notes,7.500% Senior Notes and 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes represent the principal amounts outstanding less unamortized discounts. The fair values of our 7.125% Senior Notes,7.750% Senior Notes,7.500% Senior Notes and 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes are based on quoted market prices, which results in a Level 1 fair value measurement. The carrying value of the Facility approximates fair value since they are subject to short-term floating interest rates that approximate the rates available to us for those periods.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements - Long-lived assets

Certain long-lived assets are reported at fair value on a non-recurring basis on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. These long-lived assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. Our long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

The Company calculates the estimated fair values of its long-lived assets using the income approach described in the ASC 820 — Fair Value Measurements. Significant inputs associated with the calculation of estimated discounted future net cash flows include anticipated future production, pricing estimates, capital and operating costs, market-based weighted average cost of capital, and risk adjustment factors applied to reserves. These are classified as Level 3 fair value assumptions. The Company utilizes an average of third-party industry forecasts of Dated Brent, adjusted for location and quality differentials, to determine our pricing assumptions. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the assumptions, we analyze sensitivities to prices, production, and risk adjustment factors.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company didnot recognize impairment of proved oil and gas properties as no impairment indicators were identified. If we experience material declines in oil pricing expectations in the future, significant increases in our estimated future expenditures or a significant decrease in our estimated production profile, our long-lived assets could be at risk of impairment.

10. Equity-based Compensation

Restricted Stock Units

We record equity-based compensation expense equal to the fair value of share-based payments over the vesting periods of the LTIP awards. We recorded compensation expense from awards granted under our LTIP of $7.3 million and $10.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Additionally, we recorded a net tax shortfall (windfall) related to equity-based compensation of $(9.6) million and $(2.7) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The fair value of awards vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $80.2 million and $41.0 million, respectively. The Company granted restricted stock units with service vesting criteria and a combination of market and service vesting criteria under the LTIP. Substantially all of these grants vest over three years. Upon vesting, restricted stock units become issued and outstanding stock.

The following table reflects the outstanding restricted stock units as of March 31, 2024:

(1)The restricted stock units with a combination of market and service vesting criteria may vest between 0% and 200% of the originally granted units depending upon market performance conditions. Awards vesting over or under target shares of 100% results in additional shares granted or forfeited, respectively, in the period the market vesting criteria is determined.

As of March 31, 2024, total equity-based compensation to be recognized on unvested restricted stock units is $56.7 million over a weighted average period of 2.15 years. At March 31, 2024, the Company had approximately 10.7 million shares that remain available for issuance under the LTIP.

For restricted stock units with a combination of market and service vesting criteria, the number of common shares to be issued is determined by comparing the Company’s total shareholder return with the total shareholder return of a predetermined group of peer companies over the performance period and can vest in up to 200% of the awards granted. The grant date fair value ranged from $1.06 to $13.06 per award. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilized multiple input variables that determined the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award grant and calculated the fair value of the award. The expected volatility utilized in the model was estimated using our historical volatility and the historical volatilities of our peer companies and ranged from 50.0% to 105.0%. The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. treasury rate for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant and ranged from 0.2% to 4.1%.

11. Income Taxes

We evaluate our estimated annual effective income tax rate each quarter, based on current and forecasted business results and enacted tax laws, and apply this tax rate to our ordinary income or loss to calculate our estimated tax expense or benefit. The Company excludes zero statutory tax rate and tax-exempt jurisdictions from our evaluation of the estimated annual effective income tax rate. The tax effect of discrete items are recognized in the period in which they occur at the applicable statutory tax rate.

Income before income taxes is composed of the following:

For the three months ended, March 31, 2024 and 2023, our effective tax rate was 35% and 40%, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our overall effective tax rates were impacted by:

•The difference in our 21% U.S. income tax reporting rate and the statutory income tax rates applicable to our foreign operations, primarily in Ghana and Equatorial Guinea,

•Jurisdictions that have a 0% statutory tax rate or that are tax exempt,

•Jurisdictions where we have incurred losses and have recorded valuation allowances against the corresponding deferred tax assets, and

•Other non-deductible expenses, primarily in the U.S.

12. Net Income Per Share

The following table is a reconciliation between net income and the amounts used to compute basic and diluted net income per share and the weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic and diluted net income per share. Potentially dilutive securities include shares issuable upon conversion of our 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes using the if-converted method and restricted stock units awards under our equity-based compensation plan.

(1)We excluded restricted stock units of 3.8 million and 1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 from the computations of diluted net income per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

(2)Represents the dilutive impact for the Company’s 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030. As of March 31, 2024, the if-converted value is less than the outstanding principal of the 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes and therefore anti-dilutive. The 3.125% Convertible Senior Notes are subject to a capped call arrangement that potentially reduces the dilutive effect as described in “Note 7 - Debt”. Any potential impact of the capped call arrangement is excluded from this table as any proceeds under the capped call arrangement are considered anti-dilutive.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, we are involved in litigation, regulatory examinations and administrative proceedings primarily arising in the ordinary course of our business in jurisdictions in which we do business. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes none of these matters, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material effect upon the Company’s financial position; however, an unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse effect on our results from operations for a specific interim period or year.

We have a commitment to drill three development wells andone exploration well in Equatorial Guinea. We have a $200.2 million FPSO Contract Liability in Other long-term liabilities related to the deferred sale of the Greater Tortue FPSO.

In April 2024, a Decommissioning Trust agreement with the Jubilee unit partners to cash fund future retirement obligations associated with the Jubilee Field was finalized. The total commitment is currently estimated to be approximately $143.8 million, net to Kosmos, which will be funded annually by Kosmos over an estimated 13 year period. The contributions will be accounted for as trading securities and reported as a long-term investment in our consolidated balance sheet and as operating activities in our statement of cash flows.

Performance Obligations

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had performance and supplemental bonds totaling $173.5 million and $194.1 million, respectively, related to bonding requirements stipulated by the BOEM and other third parties for anticipated plugging and abandonment costs of certain wells and the removal of certain facilities in our U.S. Gulf of Mexico fields.

14. Additional Financial Information

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

Asset Retirement Obligations

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's asset retirement obligations as of and during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Other Expenses, Net

Other expenses, net incurred during the period is comprised of the following:

15. Business Segment Information

Kosmos is engaged in a single line of business, which is the exploration, development and production of oil and gas. At March 31, 2024, the Company had operations infour geographic reporting segments: Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, Mauritania/Senegal and the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. To assess performance of the reporting segments, the Chief Operating Decision Maker reviews capital expenditures. Capital expenditures, as defined by the Company, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies and should be considered in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Financial information for each area is presented below:

(1)Interest expense is recorded based on actual third-party and intercompany debt agreements. Capitalized interest is recorded on the business unit where the assets reside.

(1)Interest expense is recorded based on actual third-party and intercompany debt agreements. Capitalized interest is recorded on the business unit where the assets reside.

(1)Unsuccessful well costs and leasehold impairments are included in oil and gas assets when incurred.