DSS, INC.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2026

(Unaudited)

1. Nature of Operations

The Company, incorporated in the state of New York in May 1984 has conducted business in the name of DSS, Inc. On September 16, 2021, the board of directors approved an agreement and plan of merger with a wholly owned subsidiary, DSS, Inc. (a New York corporation, incorporated in August 2020), for the sole purpose of effecting a name change from Document Security Systems, Inc. to DSS, Inc. This change became effective on September 30, 2021. DSS, Inc. maintained the same trading symbol “DSS”.

DSS, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, referred to herein as “DSS,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company”) currently operates four (4) distinct business lines with operations and locations around the globe. These business lines are: (1) Product Packaging, (2) Biotechnology, (3) Commercial Lending, (4) Securities and Investment Management.

Our divisions, their business lines, subsidiaries, and operating territories: (1) Our Product Packaging line is led by Premier Packaging Corporation, Inc. (“Premier”), a New York corporation. Premier operates in the paper board and fiber based folding carton, consumer product packaging, and document security printing markets. It markets, manufactures, and sells sophisticated custom folding cartons, mailers, photo sleeves and complex 3-dimensional direct mail solutions. Premier is currently located in its new facility in Rochester, NY, and primarily serves the US market. (2) The Biotechnology business line was created to invest in or acquire companies in the BioHealth and BioMedical fields, including businesses focused on the advancement of drug discovery and prevention, inhibition, and treatment of neurological, oncological, and immune related diseases. This division is also targeting unmet, urgent medical needs, and is developing open-air defense initiatives, which curb transmission of air-borne infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and influenza. (3) Our Commercial Lending business division, driven by American Pacific Financial (“APF”), provides financing solutions including commercial business lines of credit, land development financing, inventory financing, equipment financing, and third-party loan servicing (4) Securities and Investment Management was established to develop and/or acquire assets in the securities trading or management arena, and to pursue, among other product and service lines, broker dealers, and mutual funds management. Also in this segment is the Company’s real estate investment trusts (“REIT”), organized for the purposes of acquiring hospitals and other acute or post-acute care centers from leading clinical operators with dominant market share in secondary and tertiary markets, and leasing each property to a single operator under a triple-net lease. The REIT was formed to originate, acquire, and lease a credit-centric portfolio of licensed medical real estate.

On June 21, 2025, Impact BioMedical Inc. (“Impact”), Dr Ashleys Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares (“PubCo”), Dr Ashleys Nevada Sub, Inc., a Nevada corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of PubCo (“Merger Sub”), Dr Ashleys Bio Labs Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares (“Dr Ashleys Cayman”), and Kanans Visvanats (a.k.a. Kannan Vishwanatth), a Latvian national, solely in his capacity as the sole shareholder of Dr Ashleys (“Dr Ashleys Shareholder”) entered into a Merger and Share Exchange Agreement (the “Merger Agreement”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, (i) Merger Sub shall be merged with and into Impact with Impact being the surviving entity (the “Merger”), and (ii) simultaneous with or immediately following the Merger, PubCo shall acquire all of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of Dr Ashleys Cayman from the Dr Ashleys Shareholder (the “Share Exchange”). The closing date of the transaction is uncertain as of August 14, 2026, due to the pending approval from regulatory authorities. Both parties agreed to extend the closing which is expected to take place during the fourth quarter of 2026. Management will continue evaluating the status of this deal.

2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments, unless otherwise indicated) necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial position as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, and the results of our consolidated operations for the interim periods presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. We follow the same accounting policies when preparing quarterly financial data as we use for preparing annual data. These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes included in our latest annual report on Form 10-K, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (“Form 10-K”), and our other reports on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

***Principles of Consolidation -***The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of DSS, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

***Use of Estimates -***The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to the accounts receivable, convertible notes receivable, inventory, fair values of investments, intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, fair values of options and warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock, preferred stock, deferred revenue and income taxes, among others. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Reclassifications* -*Costs in the amount of $10,000 associated with third-party logistics services for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 were reclassed from Cost of revenue to Other operating expenses on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated statements of operations to conform with current period presentation.

Cash Equivalents – All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Amounts included in cash equivalents in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are money market funds whose adjusted costs approximate fair value.

Accounts Receivable - The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations and generally does not require collateral. Payment terms are generally 30 days but up to net 120 for certain customers. The Company carries its trade accounts receivable at invoice amounts and its rent receivables at contract amounts, less an allowance for credit losses. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes an allowance for credit losses based upon management’s estimates that include a review of the history of past write-offs and collections and an analysis of current credit conditions. In estimating expected losses in the accounts receivable portfolio, customer-specific financial data and macro-economic assumptions are utilized to project losses over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. Assumptions and judgment are applied to measure amounts and timing of expected future cash flows, collateral values and other factors used to determine the customers’ abilities to pay.

Accounts receivable, net at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, was $1,286,000, and $2,254,000, respectively. At June 30, 2026, December 31, 2025, the Company established a reserve for credit losses of approximately $974,000, and $1,014,000, respectively. The Company does not accrue interest on past due accounts receivable.

Concentration of Credit Risk - The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk because of any non-performance by the financial institutions. As of June 30, 2026, one customer accounted for approximately 26% of our consolidated revenue and three customers accounted for approximately 16%,14%, and 13% of our trade accounts receivable balance. As of June 30, 2025, one customer accounted for approximately 25% of our consolidated revenue and three customers accounted for approximately 18%,15%, and 11% of our trade accounts receivable balance.

As of December 31, 2025, one customers accounted for approximately 29% of our consolidated revenue. As of December 31, 2025, five customers accounted for 19%,18%,13%,12% and 11% of our trade accounts receivable balance.

Notes receivable, unearned interest, and related recognition - The Company records all future payments of principal and interest on notes as notes receivable, which are then offset by the amount of any related unearned interest income. For financial statement purposes, the Company reports the net investment in the notes receivable on the consolidated balance sheet as current or long-term based on the maturity date of the underlying notes. Such net investment is comprised of the amount advanced on the loans, adjusting for net deferred loan fees or costs incurred at origination, amounts allocated to warrants received upon origination, and any payments received in advance. The unearned interest is recognized over the term of the notes and the income portion of each note payment is calculated so as to generate a constant rate of return on the net balance outstanding. Net deferred loan fees or costs, together with discounts recognized in connection with warrants acquired at origination, are accreted as an adjustment to yield over the term of the loan.

Allowance For Loans Losses - ASC Topic 326 which requires an allowance for credit losses to be deducted from the amortized cost basis of financial assets to present the net carrying value at the amount that is expected to be collected over the contractual term of the asset considering relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. In estimating expected losses in the loan portfolio, borrower-specific financial data and macro-economic assumptions are utilized to project losses over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. Assumptions and judgment are applied to measure amounts and timing of expected future cash flows, collateral values and other factors used to determine the borrowers’ abilities to repay obligations. After the forecast period, the Company utilizes longer-term historical loss experience to estimate losses over the remaining contractual life of the loans. At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company established a reserve for credit losses of approximately $7,478,000.

***Investments ***– Investments in equity securities with a readily determinable fair value, not accounted for under the equity method, are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. For equity securities without a readily determinable fair value, the investment is recorded at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments related to observable transactions for the same or similar securities, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. For equity method investments, the investments are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for the Company’s proportionate share of the investee’s earnings or losses and other comprehensive income and reduced by any distributions received. Where an investee’s financial information is not available in time for the Company’s reporting deadline, the Company records its share of the investee’s results on a lag using the most recent financial information available, and records adjustment as needed when more current investee financial information becomes available. The Company also regularly reviews its equity method investments to determine whether there is a decline in fair value below book value. If there is a decline that is other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to fair value. See Note 10 for further discussion on investments.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments* -*Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Fair Value Measurement Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

● Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

● Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

● Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due primarily to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amounts of notes receivable, notes payable and long-term debt generally approximate their fair values based on the stated or discounted interest rates, contractual terms and expected timing of cash flows. Investments are accounted for in accordance with the applicable U.S. GAAP guidance based on the nature and classification of the investment. Investments for which fair value is not readily determined are measured in accordance with the applicable measurement alternative, when eligible. Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified within the fair value hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation.

***Inventory ***– Inventories consist primarily of paper, pre-printed security paper, paperboard, fully prepared packaging, air filtration systems, and health and beauty products which and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Packaging work-in-process and finished goods included the cost of materials, direct labor and overhead. At the closing of each reporting period, the Company evaluates its inventory in order to adjust the inventory balance for obsolete and slow-moving items. An allowance for obsolescence of approximately $55,000 and $53,000 associated with the inventory at our Premier subsidiary for June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. Write-downs and write-offs are charged to cost of revenue.

Investments in real estate, net – Acquisition of assets are recorded at their relative fair value based on total accumulated costs of the acquisition. Direct acquisition-related costs are capitalized as a component of the acquired assets. This includes all costs related to finding, analyzing and negotiating a transaction. The allocation of the purchase price is an area that requires judgment and significant estimates. Tangible and intangible assets include land, building and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, acquired above market and below market leases, in-place lease value (if applicable). Acquisition date fair values of assets and assumed liabilities are determined based on replacement costs, appraised values, and estimated fair values using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers and that use appropriate discount and/or capitalization rates and available market information. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Depreciation, amortization, cost to maintain and secure the buildings as well as interest incurred on the loans to procure the real estate are included in Cost of revenue on the accompanying Condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company’s policy is to obtain an independent third-party valuation for each major project in the United States as part of our assessment of identifying potential triggering events for impairment. Management may use the market comparison method to value the investments. In addition to the annual assessment of potential triggering events in accordance with ASC 360 – Property Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”), the Company applies a fair value-based impairment test to the net book value assets on an annual basis and on an interim basis if certain events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have occurred.

Convertible bond investment - The Company accounts for its convertible bond investment as a financial asset measured at fair value. The Company has elected the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments, and, accordingly, changes in the fair value of the investment are recognized in earnings in the period of change. Interest income is recognized when earned in accordance with the contractual terms of the bond. Fair value is determined in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, using valuation techniques appropriate for the instrument and available market information. The valuation considers, among other factors, the stated interest rate, maturity date, conversion price, market price of the underlying equity securities, foreign currency exchange rates, issuer credit risk, expected term, volatility, liquidity, and conversion economics. The convertible bond investment is classified as a Level 3 financial asset because there is no quoted price in an active market for the identical bond and the valuation requires significant unobservable inputs, including issuer credit risk, expected term, volatility, liquidity, conversion probability, and conversion economics.

Intangible Assets - The estimated fair values of acquired intangibles are generally determined based upon future economic benefits such as earnings and cash flows. Acquired identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Acquired intangible assets with an indefinite life are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment at least annually or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of those assets are below their estimated fair values. Impairment is tested under ASC 350. No circumstances or events have occurred since the most recent analysis that would indicate the need for an impairment is needed for the six months ended June 30, 2026.

***Goodwill ***– Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is subject to impairment testing at least annually and will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. FASB ASC Topic 350 provides an entity with the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after completing the assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company will proceed to a quantitative test. The Company may also elect to perform a quantitative test instead of a qualitative test for any or all of our reporting units. The test compares the fair value of an entity’s reporting units to the carrying value of those reporting units. This quantitative test requires various judgments and estimates. The Company estimates the fair value of the reporting unit using a market approach in combination with a discounted operating cash flow approach. Impairment of goodwill is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of goodwill over the fair values of recognized and unrecognized assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2025, and no impairment was deemed necessary for the goodwill associated with Premier Packaging Company of approximately $1,769,000. No circumstances or events have occurred since the most recent analysis that would indicate the need for an impairment is needed for the six months ended June 30, 2026.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill - The Company monitors the carrying value of long-lived assets for potential impairment and tests the recoverability of such assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If a change in circumstance occurs, the Company performs a test of recoverability by comparing the carrying value of the asset or asset group to its undiscounted expected future cash flows. If cash flows cannot be separately and independently identified for a single asset, the Company will determine whether impairment has occurred for the group of assets for which the Company can identify the projected cash flows. If the carrying values are in excess of undiscounted expected future cash flows, the Company measures any impairment by comparing the fair value of the asset or asset group to its carrying value. No circumstances or events have occurred since the most recent analysis that would indicate the need for an impairment is needed for the six months ended June 30, 2026.

Convertible Promissory Note - The Company accounts for convertible promissory notes in accordance with ASU 2020-06 and evaluates embedded and freestanding features under ASC 815. Convertible notes are initially recorded at principal amount, net of any original issue discount, debt issuance costs, and discounts arising from the allocation of proceeds to detachable warrants or other freestanding instruments. When a financing transaction includes multiple instruments, the Company allocates proceeds based on the relative fair values of the instruments, or, when required, first records liability-classified instruments at fair value with residual proceeds allocated to the remaining instruments.

The Company evaluates conversion options, redemption provisions, down-round or anti-dilution features, most-favored-nation provisions, default rights, warrants, and other terms to determine whether separate accounting is required. Embedded derivatives or liability-classified instruments are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Debt discounts, original issue discount, and issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term. Convertible notes are classified as current or noncurrent based on contractual maturity and settlement provisions. For diluted earnings per share, the Company applies the if-converted method in accordance with ASC 260.

***Business Combinations and Acquisitions -***Business combinations and non-controlling interests are recorded in accordance with FASB ASC 805 Business Combinations. Under the guidance, the assets and liabilities of the acquired business are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition and all acquisition costs are expensed as incurred. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values is recorded as goodwill. If the fair value of the assets acquired exceeds the purchase price and the liabilities assumed, then a gain on acquisition is recorded. The application of business combination accounting requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions.

Acquisition of assets are recorded at their relative fair value based on total accumulated costs of the acquisition. Direct acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. This includes all costs related to finding, analyzing and negotiating a transaction. The allocation of the purchase price is an area that requires judgment and significant estimates. Tangible and intangible assets include land, building and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, acquired above market and below market leases, in-place lease value (if applicable). Acquisition-date fair values of assets and assumed liabilities are determined based on replacement costs, appraised values, and estimated fair values using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers and that use appropriate discount and/or capitalization rates and available market information.

Loss Per Common Share - The Company presents basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share. Basic (loss) earnings per share reflect the actual weighted average of shares issued and outstanding during the period. Diluted (loss) earnings per share are computed including the number of additional shares from outstanding warrants, stock options and preferred stock that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential shares had been issued and is calculated utilizing the treasury stock method. In a loss period, the calculation for basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share is the same, as the impact of potential common shares is anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, there wereno potential dilutive instruments issued and outstanding.

Share-Based Payments - Compensation cost for stock awards are measured at fair value and the Company recognizes compensation expense over the service period for which awards are expected to vest. For stock options and similar awards, fair value is estimated on the grant date using an appropriate valuation model, such as the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires management to make assumptions regarding expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected dividends, and forfeitures. For restricted stock, restricted stock units, and common stock awards, fair value is generally based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. For equity instruments issued to consultants and vendors in exchange for goods and services the Company determines the measurement date for the fair value of the equity instruments issued at the earlier of (i) the date at which a commitment for performance by the consultant or vendor is reached or (ii) the date at which the consultant or vendor’s performance is complete. In the case of equity instruments issued to consultants, the fair value of the equity instrument is recognized over the term of the consulting agreement.

Income Taxes - The Company recognizes estimated income taxes payable or refundable on income tax returns for the current year and for the estimated future tax effect attributable to temporary differences and carry-forwards. Measurement of deferred income items is based on enacted tax laws including tax rates, with the measurement of deferred income tax assets being reduced by available tax benefits not expected to be realized. We recognize penalties and accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Going Concern – The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of our assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the specific amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, which might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. While the Company has approximately $4.1 million in cash, the Company has incurred operating losses as well as negative cash flows from operating and investing activities over the past two years and as of June 30, 2026 has negative working capital of approximately $39.9 million. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date that the financial statements are issued.

Aside from its $4.1 million in cash as of June 30, 2026, to continue as a going concern, the Company can generate operating cash through the sale of its $2.8 million of Marketable Securities. To continue as a going concern, historically, the Company has been able to obtain equity and/or debt-based financing to meet its working capital needs. In addition, the Company has taken steps, and will continue to take measures, to materially reduce the expenses and cash burn at all corporate and business line levels. Management believes that the combination of cash on hand, potential proceeds from the sale of marketable securities and real estate, additional financing, and reductions in operating expenditures will provide the Company with sufficient liquidity to fund its operations and meet its obligations as they become due. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in completing asset sales, obtaining additional financing on acceptable terms, or achieving the anticipated reductions in operating expenditures**.** Accordingly, management’s plans may not be sufficient to alleviate the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Related Party Transactions - Transactions with affiliates and other parties that meet the definition of a related party under ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures are reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. All related-party balances are recorded at the exchange amounts established and agreed to by the parties. All material transaction not in the normal course of business operations are approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

***Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements ***— The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issues various Accounting Standards Updates relating to the treatment and recording of certain accounting transactions. There are several new accounting pronouncements issued by FASB which are not yet effective. Each of these pronouncements, as applicable, has been or will be adopted by the Company.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which improves reportable segment disclosure through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company has adopted the enhanced segment disclosures for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company reports its segment information to reflect the manner in which the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews and assesses performance. The Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer has responsibilities as the CODM and review and assess the performance of the Company as a whole.

The primary financial measures used by the CODM to evaluate performance and allocate resources are net income (loss) and operating income (loss). The CODM uses net income (loss) and operating income (loss) to evaluate the performance of the Company’s ongoing operations and as part of the Company’s internal planning and forecasting processes. Information on Net loss and Operating loss is disclosed in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Segment expenses and other segment items are provided to the CODM on the same basis as disclosed in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The CODM does not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment assets, and therefore such information is not presented in the notes to the financial statements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 (“ASU 2024-03”),Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“DISE”). ASU 2024-03 requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. ASU 2024-03 does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. As revised by ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, the provisions of ASU 2024-03 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. With the exception of expanding disclosures to include more granular income statement expense categories, we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2024-03 to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements taken as a whole.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04 (“ASU 2024-04”),Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as induced conversions or as extinguishments. The amendments in ASU 2024-04 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted for entities that have adopted ASU 2020-06. The Company adopted the amendments as effective January 1, 2026. The adoption of ASU 2024-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2025-11,Interim Reporting (Topic 270). The amendments are intended to improve interim financial reporting disclosures and clarify the application of Topic 270. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU 2025-11, including the timing of adoption and the potential impact on its interim financial statement presentation and related disclosures. The Company does not currently expect the adoption of ASU 2025-11 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

3. Revenue

The Company recognizes its revenue based on when the title passes to the customer or when the service is completed and accepted by the customer. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for shipped product or service provided. Sales and other taxes billed and collected from customers are excluded from revenue. The Company recognizes rental income associated with its REIT, net of amortization of favorable/unfavorable lease terms relative to market and includes rental abatements and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, where collection has been considered probable, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. The Company recognizes net investment income from its investment banking line of business as interest and management fees related to loans managed for third parties owed to the Company occurs. The Company generates revenue from its direct marketing line of business primarily through internet sales and recognizes revenue as items are shipped.

As of June 30, 2026, the Company had no unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of greater than one year. Pursuant to Topic 606, the Company has applied the practical expedient with respect to disclosure of the deferral and future expected timing of revenue recognition for transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations. The Company elected the practical expedient allowing it to not recognize as a contract asset the commission paid to its salesforce on the sale of its products as an incremental cost of obtaining a contract with a customer but rather recognize such commission as expense when incurred as the amortization period of the asset that the Company would have otherwise recognized is one year or less.

Costs of revenue

Costs of revenue includes all direct cost of the Company’s packaging, commercial and security printing sales, primarily, paper, inks, dies, and other consumables, and direct labor, transportation, amortization, deprecation, and manufacturing facility costs. In addition, this category includes all direct costs associated with the manufacturing and procurement of the products sold in the Company’s technology sales, services and licensing including hardware and software that is resold, third-party fees, and fees paid to inventors or others as a result of technology licenses or settlements, if any. Cost of revenue for our REIT line of business includes all direct cost associated with the maintenance and upkeep of the related facilities, depreciation, amortization and the costs to acquire the facilities. Our Commercial Lending operating segment has costs of revenue associated with the impairment of notes receivable for those amounts at risk of collection. Costs of revenue do not include expenses related to product development, integration, and support. These costs are included in research and development, which is a component of selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of operations. Legal costs are included in selling, general and administrative.

Sales Commissions

Sales commissions are expensed as incurred for contracts with an expected duration of one year or less. There wereno sales commissions capitalized as of June 30, 2026 or June 30, 2025.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Costs incurred by the Company related to shipping and handling are included in cost of products sold. Amounts charged to customers relating to these costs are reflected as revenue.

See Note 16 for disaggregated revenue information.

4. Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following as of:

5. Notes Receivable

Note 1

On May 14, 2021, DSS Pure Air, Inc. a subsidiary of the Company entered a convertible promissory note (“Note 1”) with Puradigm, Inc. (“Puradigm”), a company registered in the state of Texas. Note 1 has an aggregate principal balance up to $5,000,000, to be funded at the request of Puradigm. Note 1, which incurs interest at a rate of 6.65% due quarterly, had a maturity date of May 1, 2023. Note 1 contains an optional conversion clause that allows the Company to convert all, or a portion of all, into newly issued member units of Puradigm with the maximum principal amount equal to 18% of the total equity position of Puradigm at conversion. The outstanding principal and interest as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, approximated $5,544,000. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 this note is in default and the Company has a reserve of $5,544,000 against the principal and interest outstanding.

Note 2

On March 2, 2022, APF and WUURII Commerce, Inc. (“WUURII”), a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Korea entered into a promissory note (“WUURII Note”). Under the terms of WUURRI Note, APF at its discretion, may lend up to the principal sum of $893,000 with an interest rate of 8%, and matured in March 2024 and was extended to April 2025, with interest payable quarterly. The outstanding principal and interest at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025 is $465,000 and $465,000, respectively. This loan is currently in default and as of June30, 2026 the Company has a reserve of $465,000 against the principal and interest outstanding.

Note 3

On May 9, 2022, DSS PureAir and Puradigm entered into a promissory note (“Puradigm Note 1”) in the principal sum of $210,000 with interest of 10%, is due in three quarterly installments beginning on August 9, 2022, with the first two payment consisting of interest only. All unpaid principal and interest are due on February 9, 2023. This loan is currently in default. The outstanding principal and interest at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 approximates $224,000. This note was fully reserved for as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Note 4, related party

BMI Capital International LLC. (“BMIC LLC”), a related party, entered into a promissory note (“BMIC Note 1”) in the principal sum of $100,000 with interest of 8%, is due in three quarterly installments beginning on September 14, 2022. All unpaid principal and interest was due on August 29, 2025. The outstanding principal and interest at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 approximated $86,000 and was fully reserved for as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. DSS owns 24.9% of the outstanding common shares of BMIC LLC.

Note 5, related party

On May 8, 2023, DSS Financial Management Inc and BMIC LLC entered into a promissory note (“BMIC Note 2”) in the principal sum of $102,000 with interest at the prime rate plus 2% with a maturity date of May 7, 2026. The outstanding principal and interest at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025 approximated $110,000, and was fully reserved for as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. DSS owns 24.9% of the outstanding common shares of BMIC LLC.

Note 6, related party

On July 26, 2022, APF and VEII, Inc. (“VEII”) entered into a promissory note (“Note 6”) in the principal sum of $1,000,000 with interest of 8% with all unpaid principal and interest due on July 26, 2024. This note was amended so that all unpaid principal and interest is due July 26, 2025. The outstanding principal and interest as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 approximates $917,000. This note was fully reserved for as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Heng Fai Ambrose Chan, the Chairman of DSS, Inc is also the on the board of directors of VEII.

Note 7

On February 19, 2021, Impact BioMedical, Inc, entered into a promissory note (“Note 7”) with an individual. The Company loaned the principal sum of $206,000, with interest at a rate of 6.5%, and maturity date of August 19, 2022 later amended to February 19, 2026. Monthly payments are due on the twenty-first day of each month and continuing each month thereafter until February 19, 2026. This note is secured by certain real property situated in Collier County, Florida. The outstanding principal and interest as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025 was approximately $198,000 and $198,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, approximately $198,000 is classified in Current notes receivable. As of December 31, 2025, $198,000 is classified in Current notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The maturity date of this note is currently being renegotiated.

Note 8

On March 31, 2023, DSS Biohealth Security, Inc and an individual entered into a promissory note (“Note 8”) in the principal sum of $140,000 and interest rate floating daily to Wall Street Journal Prime rate per annum with the total outstanding principal and interest due at the maturity date of March 31, 2025. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest approximated $135,000. This balance was fully reserved for as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Note 9

On August 29, 2024, APF entered into a promissory note (“Note 9”) with WestPark. Note has a principal balance of $459,000. Note 9, which incurs interest at a rate of 10.0% with principal and interest due at the maturity date of April 27, 2026. As of June 30, 2026, the outstanding principal and interest approximates $231,000, which is classified as Current notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest approximates $237,000, which is classified as Current notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The maturity date of this note is currently being renegotiated.

Note 10

On April 16, 2026, the Company, entered into a promissory note (“Note 10”) with an individual. The Company loaned the principal sum of $25,000, with interest at a rate of 6.75%, and maturity date of April 16, 2027 at which time all outstanding principal and interest is due. This loan is secured by certain stock in BMI Financial Group, Inc. The outstanding principal and interest as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025 was approximately $25,000 and $0, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, approximately $25,000 is classified in Current notes receivable.

Note 11

On June 23, 2026, the Company, entered into a promissory note (“Note 11”) with an individual. The Company loaned the principal sum of $25,000, with interest at a rate of 6.75%, and maturity date of June 23, 2027 at which time all outstanding principal and interest is due. This loan is secured by certain stock in BMI Financial Group, Inc. The outstanding principal and interest as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025 was approximately $25,000 and $0, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, approximately $25,000 is classified in Current notes receivable.

6. Convertible Bond Investment – related party

On March 27, 2026, the Company received a convertible bond investment from True Partners Capital Holding Limited (“True Partners”), a publicly listed company on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and a related party of the Company. The bond has a face value of $2,450,000, bears interest at 3.0% per annum, was registered on March 27, 2026, and matures on March 26, 2028, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or otherwise settled in accordance with its terms. Interest accrues daily on a 365-day basis and is payable annually in cash. At maturity, the outstanding principal balance is mandatorily and automatically convertible into ordinary shares of True Partners.

True Partners is considered a related party because the Company holds a significant equity investment in True Partners and has determined that it has the ability to exercise significant influence over True Partners. This determination is based on the Company’s equity ownership, and the election of the Company’s Executive Chairman and significant stockholder, Heng Fai Ambrose Chan, to True Partners’ board of directors. Accordingly, the Company’s receipt of the convertible bond is considered a related party transaction.

The bond is convertible into ordinary shares of True Partners at a conversion price of HKD $0.10 per share, which was approximately USD $0.01 per share as of both March 27, 2026 and March 31, 2026, based on the applicable exchange rate or rounded U.S. dollar equivalent used by the Company. Based on the bond’s fixed currency conversion rate, the bond is convertible into approximately 190,684,000 ordinary shares of True Partners.

The Company accounts for the convertible bond investment at fair value and has elected the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments. Based on a valuation performed as of March 27, 2026, the estimated fair value of the convertible bond was approximately $8,648,000, consisting of a $127,000 debt-like component related to the present value of contractual cash interest payments and an $8,521,000 equity-like conversion feature related to the value of the shares issuable upon conversion of principal. Based on a valuation performed as of March 31, 2026, the estimated fair value of the convertible bond was approximately $8,520,000, consisting of a $129,000 debt-like component and an $8,391,000 equity-like conversion feature. The Company recorded the convertible bond investment at March 31, 2026 estimated fair value of approximately $8,520,000.

The fair value of the convertible bond investment was determined in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. The valuation considered, among other factors, the contractual interest rate, maturity date, mandatory conversion terms, conversion price, market price of the underlying True Partners ordinary shares, foreign currency exchange rates, issuer credit risk, expected term, liquidity, discount rates, and conversion economics. The investment is classified as a Level 3 asset within the fair value hierarchy because there is no quoted price in an active market for the identical convertible bond and the valuation requires significant unobservable inputs, including issuer credit risk, expected term, liquidity assumptions, discount rates, and conversion economics.

Because the convertible bond was received from a related party, the Company evaluated the substance of the transaction, including the relationship between the parties, the nature of the consideration exchanged, and whether the fair value of the bond exceeded the stated face amount or consideration transferred. Because the convertible bond was issued in connection with the Company’s additional investment in True Capital Holdings and the parties are related, the Company evaluated the difference between the fair value of the convertible bond and the consideration transferred in accordance with the applicable U.S. GAAP guidance. Based on the Company’s assessment of the economic substance of the transaction, the Company determined that the excess of the fair value of the convertible bond over the consideration transferred represented a capital contribution and recorded approximately $6,198,000 in additional paid-in capital. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings in accordance with the Company’s election of the fair value option under ASC 825. As of March 31, 2026 the Company recognized a loss of approximately $128,000 on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

On April 29, 2026, True Partner International Limited, a subsidiary of the Company, delivered a conversion notice to True Partners to convert the full outstanding principal amount of the $2,450,000,3.0% convertible bond. Pursuant to the notice, the bond was converted at a conversion price of HKD $0.10 per share, resulting in the issuance of 190,683,500 ordinary shares of True Partners. Accrued interest of approximately $6,000 remained payable in cash and was not converted into shares. Immediately prior to conversion, the Company remeasured the convertible bond to fair value. Based on a valuation performed as of April 29, 2026, the estimated fair value of the convertible bond was approximately $8,647,000, consisting of a $131,000 debt-like component and an $8,516,000 equity-like conversion feature. The Company recognized an increase in fair value of approximately $127,000 from March 31, 2026 through the conversion date in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Upon conversion, the Company derecognized the convertible bond investment and recorded the ordinary shares received as part of its equity method investment in True Partners. Following the conversion, the Company owned approximately 45% of the issued and outstanding shares of True Partners and continues to account for its investment in True Partners under the equity method of accounting.

7. Financial Instruments

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities

The following tables show the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities by significant investment category as of:

The Company typically invests with the primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. The Company’s investment policy generally requires securities to be investment grade and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. Fair values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio.

8. Provision for Credit Losses

ASC Topic 326 for the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments and other financial assets. That guidance requires an allowance for credit losses to be deducted from the amortized cost basis of financial assets to present the net carrying value that is expected to be collected over the contractual term of the assets considering relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The guidance replaced the previous incurred loss model for determining the allowance for credit losses.

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount owed by the customer. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable and unbilled receivables, based on expected credit losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowance for credit losses is estimated based on historical experience, current economic conditions and the creditworthiness of customers. Receivables are charged to the allowance when determined to be no longer collectible. The Company regularly monitors and assesses its risk of not collecting amounts owed by customers and records its allowance for credit losses based on the results of this analysis.

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we have reviewed the entire loan portfolio as well as all financial assets of the Company for the purpose of evaluating the loan portfolio and the loan balances, including a review of individual and collective portfolio loan quality, loan(s) performance, including past due status and covenant defaults, assessment of the ability of the borrower to repay the loan on the loan terms, whether any loans should be placed on nonaccrual or returned to accrual, any concentrations in any single borrower and/or industry that we might need to further manage, and if any specific or general loan loss reserve should be established for the entire loan portfolio or for any specific loan.

We analyzed the loan loss reserve from three basis: general loan portfolio reserves; industry portfolio reserves, and specific loan loss reserves. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, and year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a Loan loss reserve of approximately $7,478,000, and $7,478,000, respectively.

**General Loan Portfolio Reserve -**Based upon the review of our loan portfolio, we do not believe that a substantial general loan portfolio reserve is due at this time. However, we do recognize that some inherent risks are in all loan portfolios, thus we recorded a general contingent portfolio reserve of $0 and $0 of the loan portfolio loan balance as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

**Industry Portfolio Reserves -**Given the relatively young loan portfolio and a diversification of the portfolio over several different loan products, the risk is reduced. Accordingly, we have not recorded a discretionary reserve as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Specific Loan Reserves- The Company had previously identified credit weakness in Puradigm and has placed a reserve approximating $5,768,000 against the outstanding principal and interest as of December 31, 2024 of their two loans. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company identified credit weakness in VEII and an individual and has placed a reserve approximating $959,000 against the outstanding principal and interest as of March 31, 2024. There has been no change to this amount. Also, during the first quarter of 2024, the Company identified credit weakness in BMIC LLC., a related party, and has placed a reserve approximating $211,000 against the outstanding principal and interest as of March 31, 2024, later adjusted to $196,000 as of December 31, 2024. The Company identified credit weakness with WUURII and has placed a $234,000 reserve against the outstanding principal and interest as of December 31, 2024 and reserved for the remaining outstanding balance of approximately $233,000 as of December 31, 2025. The Company has also identified credit weakness with an individual and has placed a $135,000 reserve against the outstanding principal and interest as of December 31, 2024, and reserved for an approximate $17,000 against the outstanding principal and interest for another individual as of December 31, 2025. No additional reserves were deemed necessary as of June 30, 2026.

9. Disposal of assets

On March 27, 2025, the Company finalized the sale of its Plano, Tx. Facility for a gross sales price of $9,500,000. The associated asset was previously classified as held for sale in the amount of $9,750,000, resulting in a loss on the sale of approximately $727,000 after related expenses.

10. Investments

Alset International Limited,related party

The Company owns 127,179,291 shares or approximately 4% of the outstanding shares of Alset International Limited (“Alset Intl”), a company incorporated in Singapore and publicly listed on the Singapore Exchange Limited. This investment is classified as a marketable security and is classified as long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets as the Company has the intent and ability to hold the investments for a period of at least one year. The Chairman of the Company, Mr. Heng Fai Ambrose Chan, is the Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer of Alset Intl. Mr. Chan is also the majority shareholder of Alset Intl as well as the largest shareholder of the Company. The fair value of the marketable security as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, was approximately $1,666,000 and $2,277,000, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded unrealized loss of approximately $610,000 and $420,000, respectively.

True Partners Capital Holding Limited

The Company owns 272,520,408 shares or approximately 44.66% of True Partners Capital Holding Limited (“True Partners”. “TPCH”), a publicly listed company on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. On February 28, 2022, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with Alset EHome International Inc. (“AEI”), pursuant to which AEI has agreed to sell a subsidiary holding 62,336,908 shares of stock of True Partner Capital Holding Limited exchange for 17,570,948 shares of common stock of the Company (the “DSS Shares”). The Company’s Executive Chairman and a significant stockholder, Heng Fai Ambrose Chan is the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and largest shareholder of AEI. Further, on February 20, 2025, the Company acquired an additional 19,500,000 shares of True Partners. The fair value of the marketable security as of December 31, 2025, was approximately $4,206,000.

On March 27, 2026, the Company acquired or received a convertible bond investment issued by True Partners with an initial fair value of approximately $8,648,000, which was adjusted to $8,520,000 as of March 31, 2026. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, in connection with the Company’s additional investment in True Partners through the convertible bond and the election of Mr. Chan to the board of directors of True Partners, the Company determined that it has the ability to exercise significant influence over True Partners. Accordingly, beginning on March 27, 2026, the Company began accounting for its investment in True Partners under the equity method of accounting.

As a result of the change to equity method accounting, the Company reclassified its investment in True Partners from Investment in equity securities to Investment, equity method on the consolidated balance sheet. On April 29, 2026, the convertible bond was converted into approximately 190,683,500 ordinary shares of TPCH increasing its total ownership to 272,520,408 shares or approximately 44.66%. Immediately prior to conversion the fair value of convertible bond approximately $8,647,000, resulting in an approximate $127,000 gain on the change in fair value. As of June 30, 2026, the carrying value of the Company’s investment in True Partners, was approximately $11,897,000. Prior to the ability to exercise significant influence, the Company recognized an unrealized loss of approximately $606,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2026 related to the change in fair value of True Partners’ marketable equity securities. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized an unrealized loss of approximately $126,000 related to the investment.

WestPark Capital Group, LLC.

On December 30, 2020, the Company signed a binding letter of intent with WestPark Capital Group, LLC. (“WestPark”) and Century TBD, Inc. (“TBD”) where the parties agreed to prepare a note and stock exchange agreement whereby DSS will assign the TBD Note to WestPark and WestPark shall issue to DSS a stock certificate reflecting 7.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of West Park. This note and stock exchange agreement was finalized during the first quarter 2022 and valued at approximately $500,000 and is included in Investments on the consolidated balance sheet on June 30, 2026 December 31, 2025.

BMI Capital International LLC, related party

On September 10, 2020, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary DSS Securities, Inc. entered into membership interest purchase agreement with BMI Financial Group, Inc. a Delaware corporation (“BMIF”) and BMI Capital International LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“BMIC”) whereas DSS Securities, Inc. purchased 14.9% membership interests in BMIC for $100,000. DSS Securities also had the option to purchase an additional 10% of the outstanding membership interest which it exercised for $100,000 in January of 2021 and increased its ownership to 24.9%. The Company is currently accounting for this investment under the equity method of accounting per ASC 323. The Company’s portion of net loss in BMIC during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, approximated $13,000 and $5,000, respectively.

BMIC is a broker-dealer registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), and is a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). The Company’s chairman of the board and another independent board member of the Company also have ownership interest in BMIC.

11. Short-Term and Long-Term Debt

Promissory Notes - On May 20, 2021, Premier Packaging entered into master loan and security agreement (“BOA Note”) with Bank of America, N.A. (“BOA”) to secure financing approximating $3,710,000 to purchase and use as collateral, a new Heidelberg XL 106-7+L printing press. The aggregate principal balance outstanding under the BOA Note shall bear interest at a variable rate on or before the loan closing. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal on the BOA Note was $1,647,000 and $1,916,000, respectively and had an interest rate of 4.63%. As of June 30, 2026, $544,000 was included in the Current portion of long-term debt, net, and the remaining balance of approximately $1,103,000 is recorded as Long-term debt. As of December 31, 2025, $544,000 was included in the current portion of long-term debt, net, and the remaining balance of approximately $1,372,000 recorded as long-term debt. This note matures in April of 2029. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 approximated $42,000 and $54,000, respectively. The BOA Note contains certain covenants that are analyzed annually. As of June 30, 2026, Premier is in compliance with these covenants.

On August 1, 2021, AMRE Shelton, LLC., (“AMRE Shelton”) a subsidiary of AMRE, entered into a loan agreement (“Shelton Agreement”) with Patriot Bank, N.A. (“Patriot Bank”) in an amount up to $6,155,000, with the amount financed approximating $5,105,000. The Shelton Agreement contains monthly payments of principal and an initial interest of 4.25%. The interest will be adjusted commencing on July 1, 2026 and continuing for the next succeeding 5-year period shall be determined one month prior to the change date and shall be an interest rate equal to two hundred fifty (250) basis points above the Federal Home Loan Bank Boston 5-Year/25-Year amortizing advance rate, but in no event less than 4.25% for the term of 120 months with a balloon payment approximating $2,829,000 due at term end. The funds borrowed were used to purchase a 40,000 square foot, 2.0 story, Class A+ multi-tenant medical office building located on a 13.62-acre site, which serves as collateral for the Shelton Agreement. The purchase price has been allocated as $4,640,000, $1,600,000, and $325,000 for the facility, land, and tenant improvements, respectively. Also included in the value of the property is $585,000 of intangible assets with an estimated useful life of approximating 3 years. The net book value of these assets as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, approximated $6,190,000 and $6,231,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, the outstanding principal and interest of approximately $4,109,000, net of $2,000 in deferred financing costs. As of June 30, 2026, approximately $225,000 is classified as Current portion of long-term debt, net with the remaining $3,884,000 classified as long-term debt, net on the consolidated balance sheet. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 approximated $89,000 and $93,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 approximately $226,000 of principal and accrued interest is classified as current portion of long-term debt, net, and the remaining balance of approximately $4,001,000 recorded as long-term debt, net of $4,000 in deferred financing costs. This agreement matures in July of 2031.

On October 13, 2021, LVAM entered into loan agreement with BMIC (“BMIC Loan”), a related party, whereas LVAM borrowed the principal amount of $3,000,000, with interest to be charged at a variable rate to be adjusted at the maturity date. The BMIC loan contains an auto renewal period of three months, with a current maturity date of July 2026. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest of approximately $33,000 and $33,000, respectively, are included in Current portion of long-term debt – related party, net on the consolidated balance sheet.

On October 13, 2021, LVAM entered into a loan agreement with Lee Wilson Tsz Kin (“Wilson Loan”), a related party, whereas LVAM borrowed the principal amount of $3,000,000, with interest to be charged at a variable rate to be calculated at the maturity date. The Wilson Loan matures on October 12, 2022, and contains an auto renewal period of three months with a current maturity date of July 2026. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest of approximately $145,000 and $145,000, respectively, are included in Current portion of long-term debt – related party, net on the consolidated balance sheet.

On November 2, 2021, AMRE LifeCare entered into a loan agreement (“LifeCare Agreement”) with Pinnacle Bank, (“Pinnacle Bank”) in the amount of $40,300,000. The LifeCare Agreement supported the acquisition of three medical facilities located in Fort Worth, Texas, Plano, Texas (sold in March 2025), and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for a purchase price of $62,000,000. These assets are classified as investments, real estate on the consolidated balance sheet, and serves as collateral for the LifeCare Agreement. The purchase price has been allocated as $32,100,000, $12,100,000, and $1,500,000 for the facility, land and site improvements, respectively. Also included in the value of the property is $15,901,000 of intangible assets with estimated useful lives ranging from 1 to 11 years. The net book value of the assets acquired as of June 30, 2026 is approximately $10,167,000. The LifeCare Agreement calls for the principal amount of the in equal, consecutive monthly instalments based upon a twenty-five (25) year amortization of the original principal amount of the LifeCare Agreement at an initial rate of interest equal to the interest rate determined in accordance as of July 29, 2022 provided, however, such rate of interest shall not be less than 4.28%, with the first such instalment being payable on August 29, 2022 and subsequent instalments being payable on the first day of each succeeding month thereafter until the maturity date, at which time any outstanding principal and interest is due in full. The affective interest rate at June 30, 2026 was 7.9%. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest of the LifeCare agreement approximates $38,504,000 and $37,401,000, respectively. As June 30, 2026, $30,187,000 is included Current portion of long-term debt, net and $8,317,000 is included in Accrued interest on long-term debt on the accompanying balance sheet. As December 31, 2025, $30,254,000 is included Current portion of long-term debt, net and $7,147,000 is included in Accrued interest on long-term debt on the accompanying balance sheet. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 approximated $1,171,000 and $1,572,000, respectively. This note is in default and demand was made for final payment to be made by December 22, 2023. As of June 30, 2026, this amount is past due.

On March 30, 2023, Premier Packaging, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Union Bank & Trust Company for the principal amount of $790,000 and shall accrued interest at the rate of 7.44%. Principal and interest shall be repaid in the approximate amount of $14,000 through March 2029. This loan is collateralized by a Bobst Model Novacut and is guaranteed by DSS, Inc. As of June 30, 2026, the outstanding principal and interest approximates $417,000 of which $132,000 was included in the current portion of long-term debt, net, and the remaining balance of approximately $285,000 recorded as long-term debt. As of December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest approximates $482,000 of which $132,000 was included in the current portion of long-term debt, net, and the remaining balance of approximately $350,000 recorded as long-term debt. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 approximated $17,000 and $22,000, respectively.

In August of 2025, DSS issued a $500,000 convertible promissory note to Alset, Inc. (“holder”), the Company’s largest shareholder and a related party, bearing interest at Prime (6.75% at June 30, 2026). The first 12 months’ interest is to be paid in shares of the Company; thereafter, interest is prepaid annually in cash or shares at the holder’s election. The note is convertible at the holder’s option at a fixed $0.86 per share, is payable on demand (or July 31, 2028 if not demanded), and may be redeemed by the Company on or after the first anniversary. The Company is required to reserve sufficient authorized shares and maintain the listing/quotation of its common stock. Under ASU 2020-06 and ASC 815-40, the debt host’s embedded conversion feature is indexed to the Company’s own stock and is equity-classified; accordingly, no embedded derivative is bifurcated and the instrument is accounted for as single-unit debt using the effective interest method. Interest is recognized in interest expense; when settled in shares, a credit to APIC is recorded at the fair value of shares on settlement, and any prepaid interest is recorded as a discount/prepaid and amortized to expense over the related period. The outstanding principal and interest, approximates $529,000 and is included in Convertible note payable, related party on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2026. The outstanding principal and interest, approximates $512,000 and is included in Convertible note payable, related party on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2025. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 approximated $17,000 and $0, respectively.

On March 26, 2026, the Company issued a $2,450,000 convertible promissory note to Alset International Limited (“AIL”), a related party. The note bears interest at 3.0% per annum, is payable on demand by Alset International Limited, or if the demand is not sooner made, is payable on the earliest to occur of (i) five years from issuance; (ii) the acceleration of the note upon occurrence of an event of default; (iii) upon full conversion of the note; or (iv) upon repurchase of the note by the Company. This note is convertible at any time into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $0.74 per share. Interest is payable at maturity either in cash or shares of common stock, at the holder’s election. The note also contains a most favored nation provision allowing AIL to exchange the note for a subsequent convertible instrument issued by the Company if AIL determines that such instrument contains more favorable terms. AIL is a related party because the Company owns approximately 4% of AIL’s outstanding shares, and the Company’s Chairman is the Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer, majority shareholder of AIL, and the largest shareholder of the Company. In connection with the note, the Company issued AIL a warrant to purchase up to 16,554,055 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.93 per share. The warrant expires five years from the issuance date. The Company evaluated the conversion feature, most favored nation provision, and warrant under ASC 815, ASC 815-40, and ASC 480 and concluded that no derivative liability was required. The conversion feature qualified for the scope exception for instruments indexed to and classified in the Company’s own equity, and the warrant was classified as equity because it is share-settled, contains a fixed share limit, does not require net cash settlement, and the Company has sufficient authorized and unissued shares to settle the warrant. The Company allocated the $2,450,000 proceeds between the convertible note and warrant based on their relative fair values. The warrant valuation was determined using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Significant valuation inputs included the Company’s common stock price of $0.91 per share, exercise price of $0.93 per share, expected term of 5.0 years, risk-free rate of 4.0%, selected volatility of 85.0%, expected dividend rate of 0.0%, and 16,554,055 warrants outstanding. Based on these inputs, the calculated warrant value was $0.63 per warrant, resulting in an indicated fair value of $10,368,000. The fair value of the convertible note was determined using valuation techniques that considered the contractual note terms, conversion feature, most favored nation provision, Company-specific credit risk, market interest rates, expected volatility, and probability-weighted conversion scenarios. The valuation considered two scenarios: a no subsequent convertible instrument issuance before expiration scenario, with an indicated value of $3,418,000. For purposes of allocating the $2,450,000 proceeds at issuance, the Company used the relative fair values of the warrant and convertible note. Accordingly, $1,843,000 was allocated to the warrant and recorded in additional paid-in capital, and $607,000 was allocated to the note. The allocation resulted in a debt discount of $1,843,000, which will be amortized to interest expense over the five-year term of the note using the effective interest method. As of June 30, 2026, the note had a principal amount of $2,450,000, unamortized debt discount of approximately $1,792,000 and a net carrying amount of approximately $658,000. The debt discount is being amortized to interest expense over the five-year contractual term of the note using the effective interest method.

On June 23, 2026, the Company issued a $1,000,000 convertible promissory note to Alset, Inc. (“Alset”), a related party, and received aggregate proceeds of $1,000,000. The note bears interest at 3.0% per annum, calculated based on the actual number of days elapsed over a 360-day year, is payable on demand by Alset, and otherwise matures on June 23, 2031. The outstanding principal and accrued interest are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $0.45 per share, subject to required stockholder approval and customary anti-dilution adjustments. Interest is payable at maturity either in cash or shares of common stock, at the holder’s election. Beginning June 23, 2027, the Company may redeem all or a portion of the outstanding principal without penalty. Alset is a related party due to common control and overlapping directors and officers, and the transaction is disclosed in accordance with ASC 850-10-50. In connection with the note, the Company issued Alset warrants to purchase up to 17,777,776 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.50 per share. The warrants are immediately exercisable and expire on June 23, 2029. The Company evaluated the conversion feature, holder demand provision, issuer redemption provision, and warrants under ASC 470-20, ASC 815-15, ASC 815-40, and ASC 480 and concluded that no derivative liability was required. The conversion feature qualified for the scope exception for instruments indexed to and classified in the Company’s own equity. The holder demand and issuer redemption provisions were determined to be clearly and closely related to the debt host. The warrants were classified as equity because they are share-settled, have a fixed exercise price and fixed share limit, do not require net cash settlement, and the Company has sufficient authorized and unissued shares to settle the warrants. Accordingly, the warrants were recorded in additional paid-in capital and are not subsequently remeasured while they continue to qualify for equity classification. The Company allocated the $1,000,000 of proceeds between the convertible note and warrants based on their relative fair values in accordance with ASC 470-20-30-1 and ASC 470-20-30-2. The warrant valuation was determined using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Significant valuation inputs included the Company’s common stock price of $0.61 per share, exercise price of $0.50 per share, expected term of 3.0 years, risk-free interest rate of 4.2%, selected volatility of 85.0%, expected dividend rate of 0.0%, and 17,777,776 warrants outstanding. Based on these inputs, the calculated warrant value was $0.37 per warrant, resulting in an indicated fair value of $6,651,000. The fair value of the convertible note at issuance was determined using a binomial lattice model that considered the contractual note terms, conversion feature, Company-specific credit risk, market interest rates, expected volatility, and the Company’s redemption right. Significant valuation inputs included the Company’s common stock price of $0.61 per share, conversion price of $0.45 per share, contractual term of 5.0 years, risk-free interest rate of 4.2%, selected volatility of 85.0%, and discount rate of 13.25%. Based on these inputs, the indicated fair value of the convertible note at issuance was $1,531,000. For purposes of allocating the $1,000,000 of proceeds at issuance, the Company used the relative fair values of the warrants and convertible note. Accordingly, $813,000 was allocated to the warrants and recorded in additional paid-in capital, and $187,000 was allocated to the note. The allocation resulted in an initial debt discount of $813,000, which is being amortized to interest expense over the five-year contractual term of the note using the effective interest method. As of June 30, 2026, the note had a principal amount of $1,000,000, an unamortized debt discount of approximately $812,000, and a net carrying amount of approximately $188,000.

A summary of scheduled principal payments of long-term and current debt, not including revolving lines of credit, convertible notes and notes payable – related party subsequent to June 30, 2026, are as follows:

A summary of scheduled principal payments of long-term and current debt, not including revolving lines of credit, convertible notes and notes payable – related party subsequent to December 31, 2025, are as follows:

12. Lease Liability

The Company has operating leases predominantly for operating facilities. As of June 30, 2026, the remaining lease terms on our operating leases range from less than one to nine years. Renewal options to extend our leases have not been exercised due to uncertainty. Termination options are not reasonably certain of exercise by the Company. There is no transfer of title or option to purchase the leased assets upon expiration. There are no residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. There are no significant finance leases as of June 30, 2026.

Future minimum lease payments as of June 30, 2026 are as follows:

Maturity of Lease Liability:

Total cash paid for leases during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 approximated $426,000 and $440,000, respectively.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

**License Agreement –**On March 19, 2022, Impact BioMedical entered into a License Agreement (“Equivir License”) with a third-party (“Licensee”) where the Licensor is granted the right, amongst other things, to develop, commercialize, and sell the Company’s Equivir technology. In exchange, the Licensee shall pay the Company a royalty of 5.5% of net sales. Under the terms of the Equivir Agreement, the Company shall reimburse the Licensee for 50% of the development costs provided that the development costs shall not exceed $1,250,000. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, a liability of $0 has been recorded in relation to the Equivir License.

Royalty Agreement - On August 15, 2018, the Impact BioMedical entered into Royalty Agreement with Chemia Corporation (“Chemia”) pursuant to which Chemia transferred to the Company all of its right to 3F (Functional Fragrance Formulation). This agreement has a 20-year term and auto renews for a period of 1 year unless mutually agreed upon by both parties. 3F consists of 3F Mosquito Repellant and 3F Anti-Viral formulations. Based on the Royalty Agreement, the Company should cover all the costs to prepare and finalize necessary patent application and other intellectual property related to 3F. Chemia agreed to support the Company in efforts leading to development of 3F intellectual property and it is licensing. Based on Royalty Agreement any payments received from development, sales, licensing or transfer of 3F technology will be paid 50% to the Company and 50% to Chemia. On November 27, 2018, Company and Chemia signed an Addendum to Royalty Agreement (“Addendum”), according to which the Company granted Chemia a royalty-based limited license for purposes of making and selling fragrances embodying the 3F technology. Based on the Addendum, Chemia should pay the Company 5% of net sales in royalty. On November 8, 2019, both companies entered into Amendment no.1 to Royalty Agreement, based on which certain expenses borne by the Company towards patent application and licensing should be reimbursed to the Company before any royalty payments are made. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, there were no reimbursements or royalties paid to the Company and the Company cannot be assured that Chemia’s efforts will end up in any future sales of the technology.

Employment Agreements – Impact BioMedical has an employment agreement with it CEO Frank Heuszel in which Mr. Heuszel’s agreement contains a mandatory bonus clause of $150,000 for the first year of the employment term, beginning September 2024, $100,000 for the second year of the employment term, beginning September 2025, and $100,000 for the third year of the employment term, beginning September 2026. As of June 30, 2026, approximately $96,000 and $50,000 is accrued for year one and year two of Mr. Heuszel’s bonus, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, approximately $96,000 is accrued for year one of Mr. Heuszel’s bonus and $25,000 for the second year of Mr. Heuszel’s bonus.

Contingent Litigation Payments– The Company retains the services of professional service providers, including law firms that specialize in intellectual property licensing, enforcement and patent law. These service providers are often retained on an hourly, monthly, project, contingent or a blended fee basis. In contingency fee arrangements, a portion of the legal fee is based on predetermined milestones or the Company’s actual collection of funds. The Company accrues contingent fees when it is probable that the milestones will be achieved, and the fees can be reasonably estimated. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had not accrued any contingent legal fees pursuant to these arrangements.

14. Stockholders’ Equity

DSS, Inc.

Equity transactions - On February 6, 2025, as a bonus for compensation awarded to Heng Fai Holdings Limited (“HFHL”), a Hong Kong Company, which is beneficially owned by Mr. Heng Fai Ambrose Chan, Director of DSS, Inc., and pursuant to DSS, Inc’s. 2020 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), HFHL was awarded 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, approximating $870,000, under the Plan, for strategic planning and merger and acquisition services rendered at the beginning of 2025. The issuance was approved by the board of directors on January 31, 2025.

On March 21, 2025, DSS, the parent company of Impact Biomedical, Inc. completed the sale of 499,800 shares of Impact Biomedical common stock. These shares were acquired by DSS during Impact’s initial public offering on September 16, 2024. The sale of these shares, which were previously held by DSS as part of its ownership interest in Impact, was completed for a total value of $1,500,000, of which $205,000 has been classified as non-controlling interest in subsidiary, which represents the consideration received from the transaction. With this sale, the shares are now publicly held and are no longer held by DSS.

On February 4, 2026, DSS entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”), which provided for the issuance and sale by the Company and the purchase by the underwriter, in a firm commitment underwritten public offering of 900,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Subject to the terms and conditions contained in the Underwriting Agreement, the shares were sold at a public offering price of $1.00 per share, less certain underwriting discounts and commissions. The Offering closed on February 5, 2026 and the Company received approximately $657,000, net of expenses. Additionally, on March 19, 2026, an additional 50,000 shares were issued under the Underwriting Agreement and the Company received approximately $46,000, net of expenses.

Stock-Based Compensation - The Company records stock-based payment expense related to options and warrants based on the grant date fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 718. Stock-based compensation includes expense charges for all stock-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants. Such awards include option grants, warrant grants, and restricted stock awards On February 6, 2025, as a bonus for compensation awarded to Heng Fai Holdings Limited (“HFHL”), a Hong Kong Company, which is beneficially owned by Mr. Heng Fai Ambrose Chan, Director of DSS, Inc., and pursuant to DSS, Inc’s. 2020 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), HFHL was awarded 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, approximating $870,000, under the Plan, for strategic planning and merger and acquisition services rendered at the beginning of 2025. The issuance was approved by the board of directors on January 31, 2025. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 there were no such awards.

Impact BioMedical, Inc.

Equity Transaction - On February 26, 2025, Impact BioMedical issued 36,433 shares of the its common stock as payment of legal fees incurred associated with Impact’s IPO, registration of shares associated with its equity incentive plan as well as other related services. The legal fees received were valued at approximately $29,000.

On February 25, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of certain assets owned by DSS Pure Air, Inc. (DSS PureAir”), a related party, for $1,150,000 to be paid by 545,024 shares of the Company’s common stock calculated on a 10-day VWAP. Assets acquired included accounts receivable, inventory and intellectual property of the Celios air purification system.

On February 26, 2025, the Company issued 36,433 shares of the Company’s common stock as payment of legal fees incurred associated with the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”), registration of shares associated with its equity incentive plan as well as other related services.

On June 23, 2025, the Company issued 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as payment of legal fees incurred associated with the Company’s merger and share exchange agreement with Dr. Ashleys Limited.

On October 16, 2025, the Company converted its Note payable, related party to 31,939,778 shares common stock as agreed upon by the Company and DSS (lender).

***Stock-Based Compensation –***IBO records stock-based payment expense related to options and warrants based on the grant date fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 718. Stock-based compensation includes expense charges for all stock-based awards to employees, directors and consultants. Such awards include option grants, warrant grants, and restricted stock awards. On October 1, 2024,880,000 option grants with a purchase price of $3.00 per share were awarded to certain officers, directors and consultants of Impact BioMedical. These options have various vesting periods, and all expire on October 31, 2031. Potential proceeds of these grants is $2,640,000 and are fair valued using a Black-Scholes model at approximately $50,000. Impact recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $2,000 and $4,000 for the three and six month and year ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and is included in Sales, general and administrative compensation (inclusive of stock-based compensation) on the accompanying Statement of Operations.

In January 2026, the Impact BioMedical granted and issued 3,200,000 shares of common stock to various individuals including executives, board members, audit committee members, etc. Agreement included the individuals rescinding and cancelling any and all unexercised stock options previously granted. Impact Biomedical recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $1,440,000, of which $158,000 has been classified as non-controlling interest in subsidiary, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and is included in Sales, general and administrative compensation (inclusive of stock-based compensation) on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

15. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table summarizes supplemental cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:

16. Segment Information

The Company reports its segment information to reflect the manner in which the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews and assesses performance. The Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer has responsibilities as the CODM and reviews and assess the performance of the Company as a whole. The primary financial measures used by the CODM to evaluate performance and allocate resources are net income (loss) and operating income (loss). The CODM uses net income (loss) and operating income (loss) to evaluate the performance of the Company’s ongoing operations and as part of the Company’s internal planning and forecasting processes. Information on Net income (loss) and Operating income (loss) is disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Segment expenses and other segment items are provided to the CODM on the same basis as disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The CODM does not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment assets, and therefore such information is not presented in the notes to the financial statements. During the fourth quarter of 2025, we realigned our internal reporting to better reflect how management reviews operating results and allocates resources. As a result of this CODM realignment, Direct Marketing is no longer a reportable segment and is now reported within Corporate and Other or the year ended December 31, 2025 and the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. This change did not impact consolidated revenue, consolidated net income (loss), total assets, or cash flows for any period presented; it only impacted the presentation of segment information. Segment information for prior periods presented has been recast to conform to the current-period segment presentation. Ourfour reporting segments are:

Premier Packaging: (“Premier”) Premier Packaging Corporation provides custom packaging services and serves clients in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, consumer goods, beverage, specialty foods, confections, photo packaging and direct marketing industries, among others. The group also provides active and intelligent packaging and document security printing services for end-user customers. In addition, the division produces a wide array of printed materials, such as folding cartons and paperboard packaging, security paper, vital records, prescription paper, birth certificates, receipts, identification materials, entertainment tickets, secure coupons and parts tracking forms. The division also provides resources and production equipment for our ongoing research and development of security printing, brand protection, consumer engagement and related technologies.

Commercial Lending: (“Commercial Lending”) through its operating company, American Pacific Financial, Inc. (“APF”) represents our financing business line. is organized for the purposes of being a financial network holding company, focused providing commercial loans and on acquiring equity positions in (i) undervalued commercial bank(s), bank holding companies and nonbanking licensed financial companies operating in the United States, South East Asia, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea, and (ii) companies engaged in—nonbanking activities closely related to banking, including loan syndication services, mortgage banking, trust and escrow services, banking technology, loan servicing, equipment leasing, problem asset management, SPAC (special purpose acquisition company) consulting, and advisory capital raising services. From this financial platform, the Company shall provide an integrated suite of financial services for businesses that shall include commercial business lines of credit, land development financing, inventory financing, third party loan servicing, and services that address the financial needs of the world Gig Economy.

Biotechnology:(“Biotech”) targets unmet, urgent medical needs and expands the borders of medical and pharmaceutical science. Biotech drives mission-oriented research, development, and commercialization of solutions for medical advances in human wellness and healthcare. By leveraging technology and new science with strategic partnerships, Biotech provides advances in drug discovery for the prevention, inhibition, and treatment of neurological, oncology and immuno-related diseases. Other exciting technologies include a breakthrough alternative sugar aimed to combat diabetes and functional fragrance formulations aimed at the industrial and medical industry.

**Securities and Investment Management: (“Securities”)**Securities was established to develop and/or acquire assets in the securities trading or management arena, and to pursue, among other product and service lines, real estate investment funds, broker dealers, and mutual funds management.

Approximate information concerning the Company’s operations by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 is as follows. The Company relies on intersegment cooperation and management does not represent that these segments, if operated independently, would report the results contained herein:

The following tables disaggregate our business segment revenues by major source:

Printed Products Revenue Information:

Commercial Lending Revenue Information:

Biotechnology Revenue Information:

Securities Revenue Information:

17. Related Party Transactions

The Company owns 127,179,291 shares or approximately 4% of the outstanding shares of Alset International Limited (“Alset Intl”), a company incorporated in Singapore and publicly listed on the Singapore Exchange Limited. This investment is classified as a marketable security and is classified as long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets as the Company has the intent and ability to hold the investments for a period of at least one year. The Chairman of the Company, Mr. Heng Fai Ambrose Chan, is the Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer of Alset Intl. Mr. Chan is also the majority shareholder of Alset Intl as well as the largest shareholder of the Company. The fair value of the marketable security as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, was approximately $1,666,000 and $2,277,000, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded unrealized loss of approximately $610,000 and $420,000, respectively.

On September 10, 2020, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary DSS Securities, Inc. entered into membership interest purchase agreement with BMI Financial Group, Inc. a Delaware corporation (“BMIF”) and BMI Capital International LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“BMIC”) whereas DSS Securities, Inc. purchased 14.9% membership interests in BMIC for $100,000. DSS Securities also had the option to purchase an additional 10% of the outstanding membership interest which it exercised for $100,000 in January of 2021 and increased its ownership to 24.9%. The Company is currently accounting for this investment under the equity method of accounting per ASC 323. The Company’s portion of net loss in BMIC during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, approximated $13,000 and $5,000, respectively. BMIC is a broker-dealer registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), and is a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). The Company’s chairman of the board and another independent board member of the Company also have ownership interest in BMIC.

BMI Capital International LLC. (“BMIC LLC”), a related party, entered into a promissory note (“BMIC Note 1”) in the principal sum of $100,000 with interest of 8%, is due in three quarterly installments beginning on September 14, 2022. All unpaid principal and interest was due on August 29, 2025. The outstanding principal and interest at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 approximated $86,000 and was fully reserved for as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. DSS owns 24.9% of the outstanding common shares of BMIC LLC.

On May 8, 2023, DSS Financial Management Inc and BMIC LLC entered into a promissory note (“BMIC Note 2”) in the principal sum of $102,000 with interest at the prime rate plus 2% with a maturity date of May 7, 2026. The outstanding principal and interest at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025 approximated $110,000, and was fully reserved for as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. DSS owns 24.9% of the outstanding common shares of BMIC LLC.

On July 26, 2022, APF and VEII, Inc. (“VEII”) entered into a promissory note (“Note 6”) in the principal sum of $1,000,000 with interest of 8% with all unpaid principal and interest due on July 26, 2024. This note was amended so that all unpaid principal and interest is due July 26, 2025. The outstanding principal and interest as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 approximates $917,000. This note was fully reserved for as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Heng Fai Ambrose Chan, the Chairman of DSS, Inc is also the on the board of directors of VEII.

On October 13, 2021, LVAM entered into loan agreement with BMIC (“BMIC Loan”), a related party, whereas LVAM borrowed the principal amount of $3,000,000, with interest to be charged at a variable rate to be adjusted at the maturity date. The BMIC loan contains an auto renewal period of three months, with a current maturity date of July 2026. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest of approximately $33,000 and $33,000, respectively, are included in Current portion of long-term debt – related party, net on the consolidated balance sheet.

On October 13, 2021, LVAM entered into a loan agreement with Lee Wilson Tsz Kin (“Wilson Loan”), a related party, whereas LVAM borrowed the principal amount of $3,000,000, with interest to be charged at a variable rate to be calculated at the maturity date. The Wilson Loan matures on October 12, 2022, and contains an auto renewal period of three months with a current maturity date of July 2026. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest of approximately $145,000 and $145,000, respectively, are included in Current portion of long-term debt – related party, net on the consolidated balance sheet.

In August of 2025, DSS issued a $500,000 convertible promissory note to Alset, Inc. (“holder”), the Company’s largest shareholder and a related party, bearing interest at Prime (7.25% at March 31, 2026). The first 12 months’ interest is to be paid in shares of the Company; thereafter, interest is prepaid annually in cash or shares at the holder’s election. The note is convertible at the holder’s option at a fixed $0.86 per share, is payable on demand (or July 31, 2028 if not demanded), and may be redeemed by the Company on or after the first anniversary. The Company is required to reserve sufficient authorized shares and maintain the listing/quotation of its common stock. Under ASU 2020-06 and ASC 815-40, the debt host’s embedded conversion feature is indexed to the Company’s own stock and is equity-classified; accordingly, no embedded derivative is bifurcated and the instrument is accounted for as single-unit debt using the effective interest method. Interest is recognized in interest expense; when settled in shares, a credit to APIC is recorded at the fair value of shares on settlement, and any prepaid interest is recorded as a discount/prepaid and amortized to expense over the related period. The outstanding principal and interest, approximates $529,000 and is included in Current portion of long-term debt, net on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2026. The outstanding principal and interest, approximates $512,000 and is included in Convertible note payable, related party on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2025. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 approximated $17,000 and $0, respectively.

On March 26, 2026, the Company issued a $2,450,000 convertible promissory note to Alset International Limited (“AIL”), a related party. The note bears interest at 3.0% per annum, matures five years from issuance, and is convertible at any time into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $0.74 per share. Interest is payable at maturity either in cash or shares of common stock, at the holder’s election. The note also contains a most favored nation provision allowing AIL to exchange the note for a subsequent convertible instrument issued by the Company if AIL determines that such instrument contains more favorable terms. AIL is a related party because the Company owns approximately 4% of AIL’s outstanding shares, and the Company’s Chairman is the Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer, majority shareholder of AIL, and the largest shareholder of the Company. In connection with the note, the Company issued AIL a warrant to purchase up to 16,554,055 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.93 per share. The warrant expires five years from the issuance date. The Company evaluated the conversion feature, most favored nation provision, and warrant under ASC 815, ASC 815-40, and ASC 480 and concluded that no derivative liability was required. The conversion feature qualified for the scope exception for instruments indexed to and classified in the Company’s own equity, and the warrant was classified as equity because it is share-settled, contains a fixed share limit, does not require net cash settlement, and the Company has sufficient authorized and unissued shares to settle the warrant. The Company allocated the $2,450,000 proceeds between the convertible note and warrant based on their relative fair values. The warrant valuation was determined using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Significant valuation inputs included the Company’s common stock price of $0.91 per share, exercise price of $0.93 per share, expected term of 5.0 years, risk-free rate of 4.0%, selected volatility of 85.0%, expected dividend rate of 0.0%, and 16,554,055 warrants outstanding. Based on these inputs, the calculated warrant value was $0.63 per warrant, resulting in an indicated fair value of $10,368,000. The fair value of the convertible note was determined using valuation techniques that considered the contractual note terms, conversion feature, most favored nation provision, Company-specific credit risk, market interest rates, expected volatility, and probability-weighted conversion scenarios. The valuation considered two scenarios: a no subsequent convertible instrument issuance before expiration scenario, with an indicated value of $3,418,000. For purposes of allocating the $2,450,000 proceeds at issuance, the Company used the relative fair values of the warrant and convertible note. Accordingly, $1,843,000 was allocated to the warrant and recorded in additional paid-in capital, and $607,000 was allocated to the note. The allocation resulted in a debt discount of $1,843,000, which will be amortized to interest expense over the five-year term of the note using the effective interest method. As of June 30, 2026, the note had a principal amount of $2,450,000, unamortized debt discount of approximately $1,792,000 and a net carrying amount of approximately $658,000. The debt discount is being amortized to interest expense over the five-year contractual term of the note using the effective interest method.

On June 23, 2026, the Company issued a $1,000,000 convertible promissory note to Alset, Inc. (“Alset”), a related party, and received aggregate proceeds of $1,000,000. The note bears interest at 3.0% per annum, calculated based on the actual number of days elapsed over a 360-day year, is payable on demand by Alset, and otherwise matures on June 23, 2031. The outstanding principal and accrued interest are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $0.45 per share, subject to required stockholder approval and customary anti-dilution adjustments. Interest is payable at maturity either in cash or shares of common stock, at the holder’s election. Beginning June 23, 2027, the Company may redeem all or a portion of the outstanding principal without penalty. Alset is a related party due to common control and overlapping directors and officers, and the transaction is disclosed in accordance with ASC 850-10-50. In connection with the note, the Company issued Alset warrants to purchase up to 17,777,776 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.50 per share. The warrants are immediately exercisable and expire on June 23, 2029. The Company evaluated the conversion feature, holder demand provision, issuer redemption provision, and warrants under ASC 470-20, ASC 815-15, ASC 815-40, and ASC 480 and concluded that no derivative liability was required. The conversion feature qualified for the scope exception for instruments indexed to and classified in the Company’s own equity. The holder demand and issuer redemption provisions were determined to be clearly and closely related to the debt host. The warrants were classified as equity because they are share-settled, have a fixed exercise price and fixed share limit, do not require net cash settlement, and the Company has sufficient authorized and unissued shares to settle the warrants. Accordingly, the warrants were recorded in additional paid-in capital and are not subsequently remeasured while they continue to qualify for equity classification. The Company allocated the $1,000,000 of proceeds between the convertible note and warrants based on their relative fair values in accordance with ASC 470-20-30-1 and ASC 470-20-30-2. The warrant valuation was determined using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Significant valuation inputs included the Company’s common stock price of $0.61 per share, exercise price of $0.50 per share, expected term of 3.0 years, risk-free interest rate of 4.2%, selected volatility of 85.0%, expected dividend rate of 0.0%, and 17,777,776 warrants outstanding. Based on these inputs, the calculated warrant value was $0.37 per warrant, resulting in an indicated fair value of $6,651,000. The fair value of the convertible note at issuance was determined using a binomial lattice model that considered the contractual note terms, conversion feature, Company-specific credit risk, market interest rates, expected volatility, and the Company’s redemption right. Significant valuation inputs included the Company’s common stock price of $0.61 per share, conversion price of $0.45 per share, contractual term of 5.0 years, risk-free interest rate of 4.2%, selected volatility of 85.0%, and discount rate of 13.25%. Based on these inputs, the indicated fair value of the convertible note at issuance was $1,531,000. For purposes of allocating the $1,000,000 of proceeds at issuance, the Company used the relative fair values of the warrants and convertible note. Accordingly, $813,000 was allocated to the warrants and recorded in additional paid-in capital, and $187,000 was allocated to the note. The allocation resulted in an initial debt discount of $813,000, which is being amortized to interest expense over the five-year contractual term of the note using the effective interest method. As of June 30, 2026, the note had a principal amount of $1,000,000, an unamortized debt discount of approximately $812,000, and a net carrying amount of approximately $188,000. The estimated fair value of the note as of June 30, 2026 was $1,495,000.

18. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all subsequent events and transactions through August 14, 2026 the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued and noted no subsequent events requiring financial statement recognition or disclosure.