Akari Therapeutics Plc

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1. Description of Business

Business Overview

Akari Therapeutics, Plc, (the “Company” or “Akari”) is incorporated in the United Kingdom. The Company is developing next-generation antibody-drug conjugates (“ADCs”) through its proprietary technology platform that enables the Company to establish a pipeline of ADC candidates that target and kill cancer cells and stimulate the immune system, all while overcoming the limitations inherent in existing ADC therapies. The Company’s activities since inception have consisted of performing research and development activities and raising capital.

The Company is subject to a number of risks similar to those of pre-clinical and clinical stage companies, including dependence on key individuals, uncertainty of product development and generation of revenues, dependence on outside sources of capital, risks associated with clinical trials of products, dependence on third-party collaborators for research and development operations, need for marketing authorization of products, risks associated with protection of intellectual property, and competition with larger, better-capitalized companies.

To fully execute its business plan, the Company will need, among other things, to complete its research and development efforts, preclinical and regulatory activities, and clinical trials. These activities may take several years and will require significant operating and capital expenditures in the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that these activities will be successful. If the Company is not successful in these activities it could delay, limit, reduce or terminate its preclinical studies or other discovery and research activities.

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the SEC and assumes that the Company will continue to operate as a going concern. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, including normal and recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for the fair statement of financial information. The results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, are not necessarily indicative of expected results for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026, or any other future period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2025, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2025, and notes thereto included in its Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on March 30, 2026.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and related disclosures. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the valuation of warrant liabilities and the impairment assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates are periodically reviewed considering changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Liquidity and Financial Condition

The Company follows the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40,Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern, which requires management to assess the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.

The Company has incurred substantial losses and negative cash flows since inception and had an accumulated deficit of $283.8 million as of June 30, 2026. The Company’s cash balance of $7.7 million as of June 30, 2026, is not sufficient to fund its operations for the one-year period after the date these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least a one-year period following the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The Company anticipates incurring additional losses until such time, if ever, that it can generate significant sales of its product candidates currently in research and development. The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties similar to those of other companies of the same size within the biotechnology industry, such as uncertainty of preclinical research outcomes, uncertainty of additional funding, and history of operating losses. Substantial additional financing will be needed by the Company to fund its operations. Management is currently evaluating different strategies to obtain the required funding for future operations. These strategies may include but are not limited to private placements and/or public offerings of equity and/or debt securities, and strategic research and development collaborations and/or similar arrangements. There can be no assurance that these future funding efforts will be successful.

Par Value Change

Effective December 15, 2025, shareholders approved to sub-divide each of the ordinary shares with a par value of $0.0001 into one ordinary share with a par value $0.000000005 and 19,999 deferred shares with a par value $0.000000005 (the “Deferred Shares”), with such shares having the rights and being subject to the restrictions as set out in the new Articles of Association. As a result, the number of outstanding ordinary shares of the Company remained unchanged and there were 1,429,517,750,998,477 Deferred Shares created. The deferred shares were repurchased and cancelled, and the Company issued 10 ordinary shares in connection with a buyback agreement. The rights attached to the ordinary shares, with a par value of $0.000000005 (including voting and dividend rights and rights on a return of capital) are identical in all respects to the previously outstanding ordinary shares with a par value of $0.0001. The Deferred Shares have limited rights and are effectively valueless. There is no direct effect on the value of an ADS.

ADS Ratio Change

Effective March 31, 2026, the Company changed the ratio of its American Depositary Shares (“ADS”) to ordinary shares, par value $0.000000005 per share, from one ADS representing 2,000 ordinary shares to a new ratio of one ADS representing 80,000 ordinary shares (the “ADS Ratio Change”). All ADS and per ADS amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the ADS Ratio Change.

Nasdaq Continued Listing Rules

On November 24, 2025, the Company received a letter (“Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) indicating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) because the bid price for the Company’s ADS had closed below $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Requirement”) for the previous thirty consecutive business days. In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company had 180 calendar days from the date of such notice, or until May 25, 2026, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement. Following the successful completion of the ADS Ratio Change, the Company received a letter from the Nasdaq Office of General Counsel notifying the Company that the Company has regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are described in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2026. There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Periodically, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies. Recently issued standards typically do not require adoption until a future effective date. Prior to their effective date, we evaluate the pronouncements to determine the potential effects of adoption on our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. During the first six months of 2026, no new accounting pronouncements issued or effective in the period had or are expected to have a material impact on our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 3. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table presents information about the Company’s goodwill and IPR&D assets:

The Company’s IPR&D and goodwill are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. Due to a sustained decline in the Company’s ADS price and market capitalization during the quarter ended March 31, 2026, a quantitative impairment test was triggered for both the Company’s IPR&D and goodwill.

The Company first reviewed its AKTX-101 IPR&D asset considering updated development and valuation assumptions. The updated assumptions included refinements to the expected development timelines and probability weighted cash flows to reflect current market conditions, capital availability considerations, and the heightened uncertainty inherent in advancing the program under these conditions, as well as an increase in the discount rate to reflect the overall risk profile of the asset. The estimated fair value of the IPR&D asset was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method and requires management judgment with respect to forecasted gross revenues, revenue and expense growth rates, timing of clinical trials and overall probability of success, and the selection and use of an appropriate discount rate. As a result of the impairment analysis, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $3.7 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss during the six months ended June 30, 2026. There wasno impairment charge recognized on the AKTX 101-IPR&D asset during the three months ended June 30, 2026, and the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

The Company then performed a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment as of March 31, 2026. The fair value of the reporting unit was estimated using an income approach based on a discounted cash flow model and was compared to the Company’s overall market capitalization. As a result, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit was determined to be lower than its carrying value, and the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $8.4 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss during the six months ended June 30, 2026. There wasno impairment charge recognized on goodwill during the three months ended June 30, 2026, and the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Note 4. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

Note 5. Convertible Notes and Notes Payable

September 2024 Note Payable

In November 2024, the Company assumed a promissory note originally issued by Peak Bio Inc. (“Peak Bio”) in September 2024 in the amount of $0.3 million (the “September 2024 Note”) to its former California landlord. Due to the short-term nature of the September 2024 Note, the Company concluded that its carrying value approximated its fair value as of the closing of our business combination with Peak Bio on November 14, 2024 (the “Merger Closing”). The September 2024 Note bears no interest and ispayable over twenty equal monthly instalments beginning on November 1, 2024, and expiring on June 1, 2026.

As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the outstanding balance on the September 2024 Note was $0 and less than $0.1 million, respectively.

April 2023 Convertible Notes

In November 2024, the Company assumed convertible promissory notes issued by Peak Bio in April 2023 in the principal amount of a total of $0.7 million (the “April 2023 Convertible Notes”). The April 2023 Convertible Notes permitted the holder to convert the outstanding principal and accrued interest at any time at a price of $81.60 per ADS (representing $0.00102 per underlying Ordinary Share of the Company). Due to the short-term nature of the April 2023 Convertible Notes, the Company concluded that its carrying value approximated its fair value as of the Merger Closing on November 14, 2024. The April 2023 Convertible Notes were originally due on October 31, 2024, and bore interest at a default rate of 10% per annum.

The Company evaluated the embedded conversion and other features within the April 2023 Convertible Notes to determine whether any of the embedded features should be bifurcated from the host instrument and accounted for as a derivative at fair value. Based on management’s evaluation, the Company determined that the April 2023 Convertible Notes were not issued at a substantial premium and none of the embedded features were required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately.

On September 19, 2025, the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “April 2023 Convertible Notes and Warrants Amendment”) with the holders of the April 2023 Convertible Notes to (i) extend the maturity date of the April 2023 Convertible Notes to August 31, 2026, (ii) amend the conversion price of the April 2023 Convertible Notes to $32.40 per ADS (representing $0.000405 per underlying Ordinary Share) and permit the holders of the April 2023 Convertible Notes to voluntarily convert, in whole or in part, the outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest on the April 2023 Convertible Notes into ADSs at any time, (iii) extend the expiration date of warrants held by the April 2023 Convertible Note holders (“April 2023 Peak Bio Convertible Noteholder Warrants”) from April 28, 2028 to August 31, 2030, and (iv) amend the exercise price of the April 2023 Peak Bio Convertible Noteholder Warrants to $32.40 per ADS (representing $0.000405 per underlying Ordinary Share).

The Company accounted for April 2023 Convertible Notes and Warrants Amendment as a debt extinguishment in accordance with ASC 470. As the present value of the future cash flows was substantially different than the net carrying value of the original debt, a loss on debt extinguishment of less than $0.1 million was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2025. The discount of less than $0.1 million is being amortized as interest expense over the term of the convertible notes using the effective interest method.

In November 2024, in connection with the acquisition of Peak Bio, the April 2023 Peak Bio Convertible Noteholder Warrants were accounted for as a liability, as the April 2023 Peak Bio Convertible Noteholder Warrants were not considered indexed to the Company’s own stock in the manner contemplated by ASC 815-40-15,Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) Is Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock. Following the April 2023 Convertible Notes and Warrants Amendment on September 19, 2025, the Company determined that the amended April 2023 Peak Bio Convertible Noteholder Warrants for the issuance of 8,560 ADSs (equivalent to 684,840,000 Ordinary Shares) met the requirements to be considered indexed to the Company’s own stock and therefore were reclassified to equity. The fair value of the warrant liability, immediately prior to the modification, was $109,700 at the reclassification date. The Company determined the fair value of the April 2023 Peak Bio Convertible Noteholder Warrants after the modification, using a Black Scholes Option Pricing Model was $191,800 based on a stock price of $0.81, expected volatility of 86%, a risk-free rate of 3.68% and an expected term of 5 years. The change in fair value of $82,100 was recognized as additional paid in capital during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

The Company recognized interest expense, including amortization of the discount of less than $0.1 million, in each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.

As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, accrued interest on the April 2023 Convertible Notes of less than $0.1 million are presented within accrued expenses in the Company’s condensed unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Note 6. Shareholders’ Equity

Ordinary Shares

On June 30, 2026, the Company’s shareholders approved an increase to the number of authorized ordinary shares, par value $0.000000005 (the “Ordinary Shares”). The Company can issue up to 4,000,000,000,000 ordinary shares plus 365,687,180,943 ordinary shares previously granted under previous allotments. All previously unallocated authorized shares were revoked. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2026, the Company was authorized to issue up to 4,365,687,180,943 ordinary shares.

Currently, each ADS represents 80,000 ordinary shares (the “ADS Ratio”). All ADS and per ADS amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the ADS Ratio.

White Lion Ordinary Share Purchase and Registration Rights Agreements

On August 29, 2025 (the “Execution Date”), the Company entered into an Ordinary Share Purchase Agreement (the “ELOC Purchase Agreement”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (the “White Lion RRA”) with White Lion Capital, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“White Lion”). Pursuant to the ELOC Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to require White Lion to purchase, from time to time, up to $25,000,000 in aggregate gross purchase price of newly issued Ordinary Shares (the “Commitment Amount”), which may be exchanged for ADSs, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the ELOC Purchase Agreement.

The Company does not have a right to commence any sales of Ordinary Shares to White Lion under the ELOC Purchase Agreement until all conditions to the Company’s right to commence sales, as set forth in the ELOC Purchase Agreement, have been satisfied, including that a registration statement covering the resale of such shares is declared effective by the SEC and the final form of prospectus is filed with the SEC. Over the period ending on the earlier of (i) the date on which the Purchaser shall have purchased Ordinary Shares pursuant to the ELOC Purchase Agreement for an aggregate purchase price equal to the Commitment Amount or (ii) August 29, 2028 (the “Commitment Period”), subject to the conditions of the ELOC Purchase Agreement, the Company will control the timing and amount of any sales of Ordinary Shares to the Purchaser. Actual sales of Ordinary Shares to the Purchaser under the ELOC Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the ADSs, and determinations made by the Company as to appropriate levels and sources of funding.

The purchase price of the Ordinary Shares that the Company elects to sell to the Purchaser pursuant to the ELOC Purchase Agreement will be determined based on the type of notice to purchase ADSs under the ELOC Purchase Agreement (each, a “Purchase Notice”) issued, as follows:

In no event may the Company issue to the Purchaser under the ELOC Purchase Agreement more than 13,039,369,358 Ordinary Shares (the “Exchange Cap”), which equals 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding Ordinary Shares as of the Execution Date, unless the Company obtains shareholder approval to issue shares in excess of the Exchange Cap or the average price paid for all Ordinary Shares issued under the agreement is equal to or greater than the Minimum Price (as defined in the ELOC Purchase Agreement). In any event, the ELOC Purchase Agreement provides that the Company may not issue or sell any Ordinary Shares if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable Nasdaq rules.

The ELOC Purchase Agreement prohibits the Company from directing the Purchaser to purchase any Ordinary Shares if those shares, when aggregated with all other Ordinary Shares then beneficially owned by the Purchaser (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), would result in the Purchaser beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”), which may be increased to 9.99% at the Purchaser’s discretion upon 61 days’ prior written notice.

As consideration for the Purchaser’s execution of the ELOC Purchase Agreement, the Company will pay a document preparation fee of $15,000, to be deducted from the proceeds related to the first Purchase Notice, and cash commitment fees of $37,500 when aggregate Purchase Notices exceed $500,000 and $87,500 (or $125,000 if $1,000,000 is reached first) when aggregate Purchase Notices exceed $1,000,000. Additionally, if the Company fails to close at least $625,000 in purchases by the 180th day after the Registration Statement’s effective date, the Company will issue ADSs, represented by Ordinary Shares, equivalent to $75,000 divided by the lowest traded ADS price during a 10-day period preceding that date (the “Commitment Shares”).

Concurrently with the ELOC Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Purchaser entered into the White Lion RRA, pursuant to which the Company agreed to file a registration statement on Form S-1 (or any successor form) with the SEC within thirty (30) calendar days following August 29, 2025, to register the resale of the maximum number of Registrable Securities (as such term is defined in the White Lion RRA) (including the Ordinary Shares, Commitment Shares, and ADSs representing such shares) permitted by applicable SEC rules (the “ELOC Resale Registration Statement”). The Company filed the ELOC Resale Registration Statement on August 29, 2025, which was subsequently amended on June 26, 2026, and was declared effective by the SEC on July 7, 2026.

The ELOC Purchase Agreement was accounted for as a standby equity purchase agreement under ASC 815 as it includes an embedded put option and an embedded forward option. The put option is recognized on inception, and the forward option is recognized upon issuance of notice for the sale of the Company’s Common Stock. The fair value of the derivative liability related to the embedded put option (“White Lion Derivative Liability) was $100,000 at the inception of the agreement. The fair value of the White Lion Derivative Liability was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation based on the projected stock price of $0.76, expected volatility of 97%, risk-free rate of 3.52% and discounted at 71.3% for the probability of the Company timely filing all SEC documents and meeting the NASDAQ listing requirements. At June 30, 2026, the White Lion Derivative Liability was remeasured and had no value.

As of June 30, 2026, the Company had no outstanding purchase notices issued to White Lion.

December 2025 Registered Direct Offering

In December 2025, the Company closed a registered direct offering (the “December 2025 Registered Direct Offering”) with institutional and non-institutional investors providing for the issuance and sale 19,057,418,000 ordinary shares of the Company (238,217 ADSs) and series G warrants (“Series G Warrants”) to purchase up to 19,057,418,000 ordinary shares (238,217 ADSs). The combined purchase price per each ADS and accompanying Series G was $15.53.

Concurrent with the closing of the December 2025 Registered Direct Offering, the Company entered into a side letter with one non-institutional investor pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue 1,030,130,000 ordinary shares (12,876 ADSs) and Series G Warrants to purchase 1,030,130,000 ordinary shares (12,876 ADSs), not included in the total closing amount above, upon receipt of subscription amount of approximately $0.2 million, which such subscription amount was received on January 15, 2026. The closing of this issuance occurred on January 30, 2026.

The Series G Warrants are exercisable at a price of $15.53 per ADS. The Series G Warrants became exercisable on March 2, 2026, and have a five-year term. The Company determined that the Series G Warrants met all of the criteria for equity classification. Accordingly, each of the Series G Warrants issued on the January 30, 2026 closing was recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital.

Net proceeds from the second closing of the December 2025 Registered Direct Offering was approximately $0.2 million.

May 2026 Private Placement

In May 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors pursuant to which the Company sold and issued in a private placement (the “May 2026 Private Placement”) (i)21,127,920,000 ordinary shares (264,099 ADSs), (ii) prefunded warrants (“Prefunded Warrants”) to purchase up to 96,519,120,000 ordinary shares (1,206,489 ADSs), (iii) series H warrants (“Series H Warrants”) to purchase up to 117,647,040,000 ordinary shares (1,470,588 ADSs), (iv) series I warrants (“Series I Warrants”) to purchase up to 117,647,040,000 ordinary shares (1,470,588 ADSs), and (v) series J warrants (“Series J Warrants”, and, with the Pre-Funded Warrants, Series H Warrants and Series I Warrants, the “May 2026 Warrants”) to purchase up to 117,647,040,000 ordinary shares (1,470,588 ADSs). The combined purchase price per each ADS or Prefunded Warrant and accompanying Series H, Series I and Series J Warrant was $3.74. The May 2026 Private Placement closed in two tranches on May 26, 2026, and June 26, 2026.

The Series H Warrants, Series I Warrants, and Series J Warrants were issued on June 30, 2026, following the obtainment of requisite shareholder approval and are exercisable at a price of $3.74 per ADS. The Series H Warrants have an eighteen-month term, and the Series I and J warrants have a five-year term. The Company determined that the Series H Warrants, the Series I Warrants, the Series J Warrants, and the Prefunded Warrants met all the criteria for equity classification. Accordingly, upon closing of the May 2026 Private Placement, each of the Series H Warrants, the Series I Warrants, the Series J Warrants, and the Prefunded Warrants were recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital.

At close of the May 2026 Private Placement, the Company incurred a total of approximately $0.1 million in placement agent fees with Paulson Investment Company, LLC (“Paulson”) and were required to issue 9,411,760,000 ordinary shares (117,647 ADSs) (the “Paulson ADSs”) pursuant to a placement agent agreement, dated May 20, 2026, by and between the Company and Paulson (the “Paulson PAA”), which were issued on July 7, 2026.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and the Paulson PAA, the Company agreed to prepare and file a registration statement on Form S-3 (or Form S-1 if the Company is not then eligible to use Form S-3) with the SEC no later than thirty days following June 26, 2026 to register the resale of the ADSs (including ADSs issuable upon exercise of the May 2026 Warrants) and the Paulson ADSs purchased or issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and the Paulson PAA (the “May 2026 Resale Registration Statement”). The May 2026 Resale Registration Statement was filed on July 2, 2026, as amended on July 8, 2026 and July 10, 2026, and was declared effective by the SEC on July 13, 2026.

Net proceeds from the May 2026 Private Placement were approximately $5.2 million.

Warrants

In connection with various previous financing transactions, the Company has issued warrants to purchase the Company’s ordinary shares represented by ADSs. The Company accounts for such warrants as equity instruments or liabilities, depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement.

The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding warrants as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025:

The following table summarizes the Company’s warrants activity for the six months ended June 30, 2026:

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, certain holders of the December 2025 Investor Prefunded Warrants, April 2025 Prefunded Warrants, December 2025 Series G Warrants, and December 2025 Note Exchange Warrants exercised warrants to purchase an aggregate of 27,337,840,000 ordinary shares (341,723 ADSs) of the Company through cash exercises. The net proceeds from these exercises were $3.0 million. The proceeds received from the warrant exercises were recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital within shareholders’ equity. No gain or loss was recognized upon the exercise of the warrants.

Note 7. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Options

The following is a summary of the Company’s stock option activity, with each ADS representing 80,000 Ordinary Shares, under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, 2023 Equity Incentive Plan and the Peak Bio 2022 Long Term Incentive Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2026:

The aggregate intrinsic value of options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the options and the fair value of the Company’s ADSs for those options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value per ADS of options granted during each of the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $10.33 and $59.60, respectively.

Option Valuation

The weighted-average assumptions that the Company used to determine the fair value of share options granted were as follows, presented on a weighted average basis:

Restricted Stock Units

The 2023 Plan provides for the award of RSUs. RSUs are granted to employees and consultants and are subject to time-based vesting conditions, assuming continued service. Compensation cost for time-based RSUs, which generally vest only on continued service, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period based on the grant date fair value of the RSUs, which is derived from the Nasdaq closing price of the Company’s ADSs on the date of grant.

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock activity for the six months ended June 30, 2026:

As of June 30, 2026,20,451 ADSs (1,636,080,000 ordinary shares) underlying vested time-based RSUs were pending issuance. This was comprised of 20,295 ADSs (1,623,600,000 ordinary shares) which vested in the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 156 ADSs (12,480,000 ordinary shares) which vested as of December 31, 2025. These ADSs were issued on July 7, 2026. The fair value of time-based RSUs that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, was $0.2 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively.

Performance-Based Stock Options

In April 2026, the Company granted performance stock options (“PSOs”) to purchase 15,000 ADSs (1,200,000,000 ordinary shares) to certain executives. Vesting of PSOs was recognized on a pro-rata basis based on financing achieved relative to $15 million of gross proceeds in qualified financing on or before June 30, 2026. During the three months ending June 30, 2026,5,500 options were vested and the remainder expired unvested. The Company recognized share-based compensation expense of less than $0.1 million related to these awards during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. No performance stock options remained outstanding as of June 30, 2026.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company classifies stock-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the same manner in which the award recipients’ payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipients’ service payments are classified. Total stock-based compensation expense attributable to share-based payments made to employees, consultants and directors included in operating expenses in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, was as follows:

As of June 30, 2026, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options was $3.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.6 years. As of June 30, 2026, no unrecognized compensation cost remains related to time-based RSUs.

Note 8. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level of the fair value hierarchy used to determine such values:

The Company’s Level 3 liabilities consist of the September 2022 Warrants, the November 2022 Peak Bio Warrants and the April 2023 Peak Bio Warrants, which were determined to be liability-classified instruments, and a derivative liability related to the ELOC Purchase Agreement (described in Note 6). There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and the year ended December 31, 2025.

Changes in Level 3 Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the activity in the warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:

Liability-Classified Warrants

The fair value of the warrant liabilities is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the September 2022 Series B Warrants, the November 2022 Peak Bio Warrants and the April 2023 Bio Peak Warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, which uses various assumptions, including (i) fair value of the Company’s ADSs, (ii) exercise price of the warrant, (iii) expected term of the warrant, (iv) expected volatility and (v) expected risk-free interest rate.

Below are the assumptions used for the fair value calculations of liability classified warrants as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025:

Derivative Liability

The derivative liability related to the ELOC Purchase Agreement (described in Note 6) was originally valued using the Monte Carlo simulation model and as such is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement, as the fair value was determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market. The significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value were the projected volume weighed average share price at each trading date, and the use of the maximum draw down potential. The fair value of the ELOC Purchase Agreement on December 31, 2025, was $230,000 based on the projected stock price of $0.29, expected volatility of 102.5%, risk-free rate of 3.46% and discounted at 71.3% for the probability of the Company timely filing all SEC documents and meeting the NASDAQ listing requirements. As of June 30, 2026, the Company determined the fair value of the ELOC Purchase Agreement to have no value. The difference of $0.2 million was recognized as a change of fair value of derivative liability in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss during the six months ended June 30, 2026.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company’s goodwill and IPR&D are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are reported at carrying value and are remeasured annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be fully recoverable. When impairment has occurred, the Company records the required charges and adjusts the carrying value as discussed in Note 2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2025 Form 10-K. As a result of the impairment analysis performed during the quarter ended March 31, 2026, using Level 3 inputs, the Company determined the fair value of its AKTX-101 IPR&D asset to be $30.3 million and recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $3.7 million to its AKTX-101 IPR&D asset and determined the fair value of its reporting unit to be less than its carrying value by an amount that resulted in a non-cash impairment charge of $8.4 million to goodwill. There wasno impairment charge to the Company’s goodwill and IPR&D assets during the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Note 9. Net Loss per Share

The following potential dilutive securities, presented based on amounts outstanding at the end of each reporting period, have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive impact:

Note 10. Income Taxes

In accordance with ASC 270,Interim Reporting, and ASC 740,Income Taxes, the Company is required at the end of each interim period to determine the best estimate of its annual effective tax rate and then apply that rate in providing for income taxes on a current year-to-date (interim period) basis. The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, in connection with the impairment loss on other intangible assets. For the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recordedno tax expense or benefit due to the expected current year loss and its historical losses. The Company has not recorded its net deferred tax asset as of either June 30, 2026, or December 31, 2025, because it maintained a full valuation allowance against all deferred tax assets as of these dates as management has determined that it is not more likely than not that the Company will realize these future tax benefits. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the Company hadno uncertain tax positions.

Note 11. Segment Information

The Company manages its operations as a single operating segment for the purpose of assessing performance, making operating decisions and allocating resources, resulting in a single reportable segment. The Company has determined that its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s CODM reviews the Company’s financial information on a consolidated basis for the purpose of allocating resources and assessing financial performance.

The Company has assembled a portfolio of preclinical product candidates that aim to develop next-generation precision bifunctional ADCs for the treatment of cancer. The Company has not generated any revenue since its inception and does not expect to generate any revenue from the sale of products in the near future. The Company primarily incurs expenses in connection with the research and development of its product candidates as well as general and administrative costs consisting of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive, finance, and administrative functions, as well as consulting, restructuring and merger-related expenses.

The key measure of segment profit or loss that the CODM uses to allocate resources and assess performance is the Company’s consolidated net loss, as reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, the CODM is regularly provided the following significant segment expense categories which are reviewed against budgeted expectations to assist in resource allocation decision-making:

Assets regularly provided to the CODM are consistent with those reported on the consolidated balance sheets with particular emphasis on the Company’s available liquidity, including its cash and restricted cash. All of the Company’s tangible assets are held in the United States.

Note 12. Related Party Transactions

In November 2024, the Company assumed an amount due to an entity in which the Company’s Chairman, Dr. Hoyoung Huh, is a director. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the amounts due totaled less than $0.1 million and are included in accounts payable in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company currently leases office space for our U.S. headquarters on a short-term basis. The Company leases its U.S. headquarters virtual office, located in Tampa, Florida, on a month-to-month basis. The Company also leases laboratory space, located in San Francisco, California, on a month-to-month basis and is cancellable anytime with 60 days’ notice. The Company is not party to any material lease agreements.

For each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company incurred lease costs of less than $0.1 million.

Employee Benefit Plans

The Company adopted an employee benefit plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code for its U.S.-based employees. The plan allows employees to make contributions up to a specified percentage of their compensation. Under the plan, the Company matches 100% of employees’ contributions up to 5% of the annual eligible compensation contributed by each employee, subject to Internal Revenue Code limitations.

The Company also adopted a defined contribution pension scheme which allows for U.K. employees to make contributions and provides U.K. employees with a Company contribution of 10% of compensation, subject to U.K. law.

During each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company charged less than $0.1 million to operating expenses related to the Company’s contributions to employee benefit plans.

Bayer Acquisition Agreement

In November 2024, the Company assumed an assignment, license, development and commercialization agreement dated March 17, 2017, with Bayer (the “Bayer Acquisition Agreement”), to acquire from Bayer all right, title and interest in and to PHP-303, including each and every invention and any priority rights relating to its patents.

Under the Bayer Acquisition Agreement, the Company is committed to pay certain development and regulatory milestones up to an aggregate amount of $23,500,000 and high single digit royalties based on the sale of products developed based on the licensed compound. Royalties will be payable on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis until the later of ten years after the first commercial sale of such licensed product in such country and expiration of the last patent covering such licensed product in such country that would be sufficient to prevent generic entry.

Either party may terminate the Bayer Acquisition Agreement upon prior written notice for the other party’s material breach that remains uncured for a specified period of time or insolvency. Bayer agreed not to assert any Bayer intellectual property rights that were included in the scope of the Bayer Acquisition Agreement against the Company.

The Company incurred zero expenses under this agreement as no milestones have been achieved since inception, and no products were sold from inception through June 30, 2026.

Legal Proceedings

In May 2025, a former employee of Peak Bio CA, Inc. subsidiary filed a claim stating that they are entitled to certain discretionary bonuses from 2022 totaling less than $0.1 million. The Company denies the former employee’s claim and intends to defend itself.

Accounts Payable Settlements

During the six months ended June 30, 2026, and the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company entered into settlement agreements with vendors for the settlement of outstanding payables. This resulted in a gain on settlement of current liabilities of $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. No gain on settlement of current liabilities was recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2026.

Note 14. Subsequent Events

In July 2026, we entered into an agreement to conduct a strategic research collaboration with Whitehawk Therapeutics, a clinical-stage oncology therapeutics company applying advanced technologies to established tumor biology to efficiently develop improved ADC cancer treatments. Under the collaboration, we will conduct a series of focused preclinical studies evaluating Akari’s proprietary PH1 spliceosome-modulating payload technology in combination with Whitehawk’s topoisomerase I inhibitor ADC platform. We will lead the design, execution and evaluation of the research activities.

Subsequent to the quarter ended June 30, 2026 and through the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, the Company issued an aggregate of 196,572 ADSs (15,725,760,000 ordinary shares), which consisted of the following: