ALPHA MODUS HOLDINGS, INC.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of commercial operations in the normal course of business. As of the Closing Date, there were no pending or threatened lawsuits that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations except as set forth below.

On January 16, 2024, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against The Kroger Company alleging patent infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to the Company’s ‘571 patent portfolio encompassing retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumer’s in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:2024-cv-00022), and the case has since been settled.

On November 12, 2024, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Brookshire Grocery Co. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘825 patent, ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent and ‘880 patent, which encompass retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:2024-cv-00919), and the case has since been settled.

On December 17, 2024, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Wakefern Food Corporation and Shelf Nine LLC alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘825 patent, ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent and ‘880 patent, which encompass retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:2024-cv-01056), and the case has since been settled.

On February 3, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Walgreen Co. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘825 patent, ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent and ‘880 patent, which encompass retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:2025-cv-00120), and the case has since been settled.

On April 15, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Optisigns, Inc. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘825 patent, ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent and ‘880 patent, which encompass retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (Case No. 4:2025-cv-01727), and the case has since been settled.

On August 21, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Cooler Screens, Inc. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘672 patent, and ‘890 patent, which encompass retail marketing, advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Case No. 1:25-cv-10004), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.

On August 25, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against A2Z Cust2Mate Solutions Corp. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘120 patent, and ‘121 patent, which encompass retail marketing, advertising data-driven, real-time shopper engagement, digital signage, autonomous retail optimization, and other technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-00868), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.

On August 29, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against The Kroger Company alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘120 patent, ‘731 patent, ‘121 patent, and ‘718 patent, which encompass retail marketing, advertising data-driven, real-time shopper engagement, digital signage, autonomous retail optimization, consumer behavior analysis to optimize product layout, inventory management, and other technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-00923), and the case is in the claim construction and discovery stages.

On September 4, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Creative Realities, Inc. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, 825 patent, ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent, and ‘880 patent, which encompass retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-009311), and the case is in the claim construction and discovery stages.

On September 10, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against MNTN, Inc. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, 890 patent, and ‘731 patent, which encompass retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (Case No. 1:25-cv-01466), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.

On September 12, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Allerin Tech Pvt. Ltd. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘825 patent, ‘120 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘672 patent, ‘550 patent, ‘731 patent, and ‘121 patent, which encompass retail marketing, advertising data-driven, real-time shopper engagement, digital signage, autonomous retail optimization, consumer behavior analysis to optimize product layout, inventory management, and other technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-00947), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.

On September 18, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Mood Media LLC alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘825 patent, ‘120 patent, ‘550 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘120 patent, and ‘731 patent, which encompass retail marketing, advertising data-driven, real-time shopper engagement, digital signage, autonomous retail optimization, consumer behavior analysis to optimize product layout, inventory management, and other technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (Case No. 1:25-cv-01527). In January 2026, Alpha Modus resolved its patent litigation against Mood Media LLC, and the matter was dismissed with prejudice. No claims remain pending between the parties.

On September 24, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against RetailNext Inc. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘825 patent, ‘120 patent, ‘550 patent, and ‘890 patent, which encompass retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-00977), and the case is in the claim construction and discovery stages.

On October 2, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Navori SA and meldCX Pty Ltd. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘550 patent, ‘890 patent, and ‘731 patent, which encompass retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-01000), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.

On October 3, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Sensormatic Electronics, LLC and Johnson Controls International, PLC alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘825 patent, ‘550 patent, ‘890 patent, and ‘880 patent, which encompass retail marketing and advertising data-driven technologies to enhance consumers’ in-store experience at the point of decision. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-01003), and the case is in the claim construction and discovery stages.

On October 8, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Lowe’s Companies, Inc. and Lowe’s Home Centers, LLC alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘120 patent, ‘731 patent, and ‘550 patent, which encompass systems for real-time inventory management, customer assistance, personalized in-store advertising, dynamic store layout optimization, and behavioral data-driven retail engagement. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-01026), and the case is in the claim construction and discovery stages.

On October 22, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against 7-Eleven, Inc. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘120 patent, ‘731 patent, ‘550 patent, ‘121 patent, and ‘718 patent, which encompass the capability to analyze consumer behavior and product interaction in real-time, which allows businesses to dynamically adjust their marketing strategies to meet the immediate needs of consumers at pivotal purchasing decision moments. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-01060), and the case is in the claim construction and discovery stages.

On November 3, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Adroit Worldwide Media, Inc. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘880 patent, and ‘121 patent, which encompass systems that enable real-time inventory management, personalized shopper engagement, and automated frictionless-checkout experiences. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California (Case No. 8:25-cv-02471), and the case has since been settled.

On November 12, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Atliq Technologies Pvt. Ltd. alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent, and ‘550 patent, which encompass the capability to analyze consumer behavior and product interaction in real-time, which allows businesses to dynamically adjust their marketing strategies to meet the immediate needs of consumers at pivotal purchasing decision moments. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-01120), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.

On November 14, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Industria De Diseño Textil, S.A., and Zara USA, Inc., alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘890 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘731 patent, and ‘121 patent, which encompass the capability to analyze consumer behavior and product interaction in real-time, which allows businesses to dynamically adjust their marketing strategies to meet the immediate needs of consumers at pivotal purchasing decision moments. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-01125), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.

On November 21, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against V-Count Global Holding Ltd., alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘825 patent, ‘672 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘120 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘731 patent, ‘550 patent, and ‘121 patent, which encompass systems that enable real-time inventory management, personalized shopper engagement, and automated frictionless-checkout experiences. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-01145), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.

On November 21, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Stratacache, Inc., alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘120 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘550 patent, ‘731 patent, ‘121 patent, and ‘718 patent, which encompass systems that enable real-time inventory management, personalized shopper engagement, and automated frictionless-checkout experiences. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California (Case No. 2:25-cv-11234), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.

On December 1, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against H&M Fashion USA, Inc., alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘890 patent, ‘120 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘731 patent, and ‘121 patent, which encompass methods and systems for monitoring shopper behavior, analyzing product interactions, optimizing product placement, managing inventory in real time, and enabling seamless in-store purchase experiences. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-01182), and the case is in the claim construction and discovery stages.

On April 23, 2025, Alpha Modus filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Circle-K Stores Inc., alleging infringement of several Alpha Modus patents pertaining to its ‘571 patent, ‘890 patent, ‘880 patent, ‘731 patent, and ‘718 patent, which encompass methods and systems for monitoring shopper behavior, analyzing product interactions, optimizing product placement, managing inventory in real time, and enabling seamless in-store purchase experiences. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Case No. 2:25-cv-00335), and the case is in its initial pleading stage.