Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.

1. ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

NANO Nuclear Energy Inc. (“NANO”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our” and similar terminology) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on February 8, 2022 (“Inception”) and is headquartered in New York, New York. The Company is an early-stage nuclear energy company developing smaller, simpler, and safer advanced portable clean energy solutions utilizing advanced proprietary reactor designs, intellectual property and research methods.

The Company is principally focused on the following four business lines as part of its development strategy:

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned legal subsidiaries, American Uranium Inc., HALEU Energy Fuel Inc., Advanced Fuel Transportation Inc., Nano Nuclear Space Inc., KRONOS MMR Inc., and LOKI MMR Inc. Each of these subsidiaries is a Nevada corporation.

As used herein, the term “Common Stock” refers to the common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, of the Company.

Liquidity

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. At September 30, 2025, the Company had working capital of $200,841,189 and accumulated deficit of $57,500,857. For the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company had net loss of $40,067,076, and negative cash flows from operations of $19,621,963. At September 30, 2024, the Company had working capital of $27,502,873 and accumulated deficit of $17,433,781. For the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company had net loss of $10,151,556, and negative cash flows from operations of $8,464,146. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to secure financing from capital markets or other sources, including investors, loans, government grants or alternative funding and, ultimately, on the Company’s ability to generate revenue and profitable operations. Management is of the opinion that sufficient working capital is available to meet the Company’s liabilities and commitments as they become due at least for the next twelve months after the date the consolidated financial statements are issued to conform to the going concern uncertainty period. During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company received approximately $18.5 million from exercises of warrants, $2.4 million from exercises of stock options, and net proceeds of approximately $191 million from the Company’s October 2024 Follow-on Offering (as defined in Note 4 below), its November 2024 Private Placement offering (as defined in Note 4), and its May 2025 Private Placement Offering (as defined in Note 4). In order to achieve the Company’s long-term strategy, the Company expects to raise additional capital or secure other sources of financing to support its growth in the future. After September 30, 2025, the Company completed a private placement offering generating gross proceeds of approximately $400 million. See Note 11 for further information.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NANO and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value, because of the short maturity of these instruments.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions made when accounting for items and matters such as, but not limited to, equity-based compensation, right of use assets and lease liabilities, and contingencies are reasonable, based on information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as amounts reported on the consolidated statements of operations during the years presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the Company uses a three-level hierarchy, which prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach and cost approach). The levels of hierarchy are described below.

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the most stringent level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The carrying amount of certain financial instruments, including prepaid expenses and accounts payable, approximates fair value due to their short maturities.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash balances at a financial institution and such amounts exceeded federally insured limits at September 30, 2025 and 2024. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable include commercial accounts receivable associated with other income corresponding to consulting services provided by the Company. Accounts receivable are presented net of allowance for credit losses. Management estimates an allowance for credit losses by evaluating client-specific conditions, including adverse situations that may affect a client’s ability to pay, as well as both microeconomic and macroeconomic factors.

Prepaid Expenses

Prepaid expenses primarily relate to payments made to consultants and vendors in advance of the service being provided.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment charges. When components of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items of property, plant and equipment and depreciated separately. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment and are recognized in earnings.

In-process Research and Development

In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) represents incomplete research and development projects that had not reached technological feasibility as of their acquisition date in 2025. Due to the nature of IPR&D, the expected life is indefinite, and it will be evaluated periodically for attainment of technological feasibility or impairment. Technological feasibility is established when an enterprise has completed all planning, designing, coding and testing activities that are necessary to establish that a product can be produced to meet its design specifications including functions, features and technical performance requirements. IPR&D is amortized over its estimated useful life once technological feasibility is reached. As the Company has not yet completed all designing, coding and testing activities, management has determined that technological feasibility has not yet been reached. Management has not identified any indicators that would suggest any impairment of the IPR&D. If IPR&D is determined not to have technological feasibility or is abandoned, it will be impaired or written off at such time.

Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated over the depreciable amount, which is the cost of the asset less its residual value. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting period and are adjusted if appropriate. Assets are depreciated according to the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives as follows:

Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful life or the remaining term of the associated lease.

Leases

The Company recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with terms greater than 12 months. Leases are classified as either finance or operating leases. This classification dictates whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had two long-term operating leases. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had one long-term operating lease.

Long-term leases (leases with initial terms greater than 12 months) are capitalized at the present value of the minimum lease payments not yet paid. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease when the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. Short-term leases (leases with an initial term of 12 months or less or leases that are cancelable by the lessee and lessor without significant penalties) are not capitalized but are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Warrant Instruments

The Company accounts for warrants issued in connection with the private placement in accordance with the guidance contained in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Accordingly, the Company evaluated and classified the warrant instruments under equity treatment at their assigned values.

Investments in Equity – Related Party

The Company accounts for investments in equity that are within the scope of ASC 321-10, “Investments - Equity Securities” (“ASC 321-10”), as either (1) investments with a readily determinable fair value, which are recorded at fair value or (2) investments without a readily determinable fair value, which are recorded at cost less any impairment. Equity investments that are initially concluded to not have a readily determinable fair value are reassessed at each reporting period. If the Company identifies observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, it measures the equity security at fair value as of the date that the observable transaction occurred using valuation techniques that are permitted under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement”.

As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had investments in equity of $2.0 million, representing the Company’s equity investment in LIST (see Note 8). The equity investments were accounted for in accordance with ASC 321-10, and the Company accounted for the equity investments at cost less impairment because there were no readily determinable fair values for these investments as of September 30, 2025. No impairment was recorded during the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The investments were recognized as other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Mezzanine Equity

The Company recognized a tranche of shares of Common Stock as mezzanine equity since such shares were redeemable at the option of the holder, but not mandatorily redeemable. On March 30, 2024, the Company amended its subscription agreement with the holder of such shares to terminate the redemption right, which resulted in a conversion of such shares from mezzanine equity to stockholders’ equity. See Note 4 for further information.

Equity-Based Compensation

Equity-based compensation for employees and non-employees is measured using a fair value-based method for all equity-based awards. The Company recognizes equity-based compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term. Vesting terms vary based on the individual grant terms. The Company estimates the fair value of an equity-based award using a closed option valuation (Black-Scholes) pricing model. Equity-based compensation is recorded as either a general and administrative expense or a research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur.

The Black-Scholes pricing model requires the input of certain assumptions that require the Company’s judgment, including the expected term and the expected stock price volatility of the underlying stock. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based compensation represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if factors change resulting in the use of different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.

The Company’s assumptions utilized in the Black-Scholes price model are as follows: (1) fair market value of stock price on date of grant; (2) the volatility of its underlying stock; which is estimated using an average of the historical volatility of a group of comparable publicly traded companies due to the Company’s lack of trading history; (3) expected dividend yield is zero as the Company does not anticipate paying any recurring cash dividends in the foreseeable future; (4) risk-free rate based on the United States Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant; (5) expected term estimated based on the vesting and contractual term of the stock option grant.

Research and Development

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses represent costs incurred for designing and engineering products, including the costs of developing design tools, as well as the costs to acquire technology and other assets from third parties. All research and development costs related to product development are expensed as incurred.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are recognized as a component of general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising costs expensed were approximately $453,000 and $902,000, respectively, for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Legal Contingencies

The Company is presently involved in two stockholder-initiated legal proceedings. One of such proceedings was dismissed at the trial court level in April 2025 but remains subject to appeal. The other proceeding is currently subject to a motion to dismiss. Given the status of these legal proceedings, the Company cannot reasonably estimate at September 30, 2025 the amount of any potential financial loss or cost that could result from these proceedings. The Company records liabilities for losses from legal proceedings when it determines that it is probable that the outcome in a legal proceeding will be unfavorable, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carryforwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that deferred tax assets will not be realized. On a regular basis, the Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and the need for a valuation allowance. Such evaluations involve the application of significant judgment. The Company considers multiple factors in its evaluation of the need for a valuation allowance.

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. federal government enacted tax legislation referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). The OBBBA, among other things, makes permanent 100% bonus depreciation for certain capital expenditures and immediate deduction for domestic research or experimental expenditures (R&D deduction). This legislation was effective for the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2025, except for the R&D deduction which will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2026. The enactment of the OBBBA did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2025. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the OBBBA on future periods.

Income Taxes (Continued)

Until an appropriate level of profitability is attained, the Company expects to maintain a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets. Any tax benefits or tax expense recorded on its consolidated statements of operations will be offset with a corresponding valuation allowance until such time that the Company changes its determination related to the realization of deferred tax assets. In the event that the Company changes its determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, the Company will adjust its valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such a determination is made. For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more-likely-than-not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the consolidated financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. All of the Company’s historical tax returns remain subject to examination by taxing jurisdictions. At September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company does not believe it has any uncertain tax positions that would require either recognition or disclosure in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Net Loss per Share

Basic earnings attributable to common shareholders is computed by dividing reported net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share attributable to common shareholders is computed by dividing reported net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares and the number of dilutive potential common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive common share equivalents consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of share options, warrants, and RSUs and the incremental shares issuable upon conversion of similar instruments.

In computing diluted earnings per share, common share equivalents are not considered in periods in which a net loss is reported, as the inclusion of the common share equivalents would be anti-dilutive.

Shares which have been excluded from diluted per share amounts because their effect would have been anti-dilutive are as follows as of September 30:

Operating Segments

For the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company was managed as a single operating segment in accordance with the provisions in the FASB guidance on segment reporting, which establishes standards for, and requires disclosure of, certain financial information related to reportable operating segments and geographic regions. Furthermore, the Company determined that the Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating Decision Maker as he is responsible for making decisions regarding the allocation of resources and assessing performance as well as for strategic operational decisions and managing the organization as a whole.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) issued by the FASB. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures” (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. ASU 2024-03 should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on its disclosures. There are no other accounting pronouncements which have been issued but are not yet effective that would have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires that an entity, on an annual basis, disclose additional income tax information, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendment in the ASU is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The ASU’s amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

3. OTHER INCOME

During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company earned interest income of $5,565,457 on its cash and cash equivalents held at a financial institution, earned $250,000 from consulting services, earned $84,000 from a lease agreement (Note 8), and earned $250,000 as a non-refundable down payment for the proposed sale of its ODIN™ low-pressure coolant microreactor design and all associated intellectual property. During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company earned interest income of $352,002 on its cash and cash equivalents held at a financial institution, and earned $7,000 from a lease agreement.

4. EQUITY

The Company is authorized to issue 275,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, with a par value of $0.0001 per share. No shares of preferred stock were outstanding during the years presented. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share.

Issuance of Common Stock for Cash

Series B Round

The Company’s fourth round of private financing (the “Series B Round”) began in December 2023 and ended in January 2024. During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold 822,144 shares of Common Stock at a price of $3.00 per share for gross proceeds of $2,466,437 corresponding to the Series B Round.

Initial Public Offering

On May 7, 2024, the Company consummated a firm commitment underwritten initial public offering (the “IPO Offering”) of an aggregate of 2,562,500 shares of Common Stock at a price of $4.00 per share (the “IPO Offering Price”), generating gross proceeds of $10,250,000, and net proceeds (after deducting discounts and offering expenses) of approximately $9.0 million. In connection with the IPO Offering, the Company granted the lead managing underwriter an option (the “IPO Over-Allotment Option”), exercisable for 30 days from May 7, 2024, to purchase up to an additional 384,375 shares of Common Stock (the “IPO Over-allotment Shares”) from the Company at the Offering Price, less the underwriting discount, to cover over-allotments in the Offering.

On May 21, 2024, the underwriter exercised the IPO Over-Allotment Option in full, and on May 22, 2024, the closing of the purchase of the IPO Over-Allotment Shares occurred, generating gross proceeds to the Company of $1,537,500 and net proceeds of approximately $1.4 million. In connection with the IPO Offering, the Company also issued such lead managing underwriter 179,375 warrants exercisable for 179,375 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price per share of $5.00 with expiry on May 10, 2029. In connection with the IPO Offering and IPO Over-Allotment Option, the Company charged issuance costs of $1,538,405 to additional paid-in capital during the year ended September 30, 2024.

July 2024 Firm Commitment Public Offering

On July 15, 2024, the Company consummated a firm commitment underwritten follow-on public offering (the “July 2024 Follow-on Offering”) of an aggregate of 900,000 units, consisting of an aggregate of 900,000 shares of Common Stock and 900,000 warrants to purchase up to 450,000 shares of Common Stock (the “July 2024 Follow-on Warrants”) based on an offering price of $20.00 per unit (the “July 2024 Follow-on Offering Price”), generating gross proceeds of $18 million, and net proceeds (after deducting discounts and offering expenses) of approximately $16.1 million. In connection with the July 2024 Follow-on Offering, the Company granted the lead managing underwriter an option (“July 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Option”), exercisable for 30 days from July 15, 2024, to purchase up to an additional 135,000 shares of Common Stock (the “July 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Shares”) and 135,0000 Warrants to purchase 67,500 shares of Common Stock (the “July 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Warrants”) from the Company at the July 2024 Follow-on Offering Price, less underwriting discounts and other July 2024 Follow-on Offering expenses, to cover over-allotments in the July 2024 Follow-on Offering. On July 12, 2024, the underwriter exercised the July 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Option in full with respect to the July 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Warrants, which closed on July 15, 2024 for nominal consideration.

On July 16, 2024, the underwriter exercised the July 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Option in full, and on July 18, 2024, the closing of the purchase of the July 2024 Follow-on Over-Allotment Shares occurred, generating gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $2.7 million and net proceeds of approximately $2.5 million. In connection with the July 2024 Follow-on Offering, the Company also issued such lead managing underwriter 63,000 warrants exercisable for 63,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price per share of $25.00 with expiry on July 15, 2029. In connection with the July 2024 Follow-on Offering and July 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Option, the Company charged issuance costs of $2,091,424 to additional paid-in capital during the year ended September 30, 2024.

October 2024 Firm Commitment Public Offering

On October 23, 2024, the Company consummated a firm commitment underwritten follow-on public offering (the “October 2024 Follow-on Offering”) of an aggregate of 2,117,646 units, consisting of an aggregate of 2,117,646 shares of Common Stock and 2,117,646 warrants to purchase up to 1,058,823 shares of Common Stock (the “October 2024 Follow-on Warrants”) based on an offering price of $17.00 per unit (the “October 2024 Follow-on Offering Price”), generating gross proceeds of approximately $36 million, and net proceeds (after deducting discounts and offering expenses) of approximately $32.3 million. In connection with the October 2024 Follow-on Offering, the Company granted the lead managing underwriter an option (“October 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Option”), exercisable for 30 days from October 25, 2024, to purchase up to an additional 317,646 shares of Common Stock (the “October 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Shares”) and 317,646 warrants to purchase 158,823 shares of Common Stock (the “October 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Warrants”) from the Company at the October 2024 Follow-on Offering Price, less underwriting discounts and other October 2024 Follow-on Offering expenses, to cover over-allotments in the October 2024 Follow-on Offering. On October 23, 2024, the underwriter partially exercised the October 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Option for the October 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Warrants (which option closed on October 25, 2024 for nominal consideration). On October 28, 2024, the lead underwriter exercised the October 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Option in full with respect to the October 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Shares, and on October 29, 2024, the closing of the purchase of the October 2024 Follow-on Over-Allotment Shares occurred, generating gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $5.4 million and net proceeds of approximately $4.9 million. In connection with the October 2024 Follow-on Offering, the Company issued such lead managing underwriter 105,882 warrants exercisable for 105,882 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price per share of $21.25 with expiry on October 29, 2029. In connection with the October 2024 Follow-on Over-allotment Option, the Company also issued such lead managing underwriter 15,882 warrants exercisable for 15,882 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price per share of $21.25 with expiry on October 29, 2029.

November 2024 Private Placement

On November 24, 2024, the Company, entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “November 2024 SPA”) with three accredited institutional investors (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer and sell an aggregate of $60,000,048 of securities of the Company in a private placement (the “November 2024 Private Placement”), consisting of (i)2,500,002 shares (“PIPE Shares”) of Common Stock and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 2,500,002 shares of Common Stock (the “PIPE Warrants”). The November 2024 Private Placement closed on November 27, 2024. After deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $55,122,000. The Company intends to use these net proceeds for general working capital and general corporate purposes, which could include potential acquisitions of complementary businesses or assets. Pursuant to the November 2024 SPA, the Company issued and sold the PIPE Shares and associated PIPE Warrants at a combined purchase price of $24.00 per share. The PIPE Warrants have a term of five (5) year with an exercise price of $26.00 per share and will be exercisable immediately upon issuance of the PIPE Warrants. On November 24, 2024, in connection with the Private Placement, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with the Investors (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) covering the resale of the PIPE Shares and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the PIPE Warrants by no later than January 15, 2025 (the date of filing, the “Filing Date”), with such registration statement to be effective within 30 days of the Filing Date (if such registration statement is not subject to review by the SEC), or within 60 days after the Filing Date (if such registration statement is subject to limited or full review by the SEC). The Company initially filed a registration statement on Form S-1 covering the resale of these securities on January 14, 2025, which was declared effective by the SEC on January 24, 2025. The Investors are also entitled (subject to certain exceptions) to customary piggyback registration rights during the period in which the registration statement is effective. The Benchmark Company, LLC acted as placement agent for the Private Placement and received a cash fee equal to 6.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the Private Placement, a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 1% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the Private Placement, and reimbursement of up to $175,000 in legal expenses.

May 2025 Private Placement

On May 26, 2025, the Company, entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “May 2025 SPA”) with six accredited institutional investors (the “May 2025 Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer and sell 3,888,889 shares (“May 2025 PIPE Shares”) of Common Stock of the Company in a private placement (the “May 2025 Private Placement”) for gross proceeds of $105,000,003. Pursuant to the May 2025 SPA, the Company issued and sold the May 2025 PIPE Shares in the May 2025 Private Placement at a purchase price of $27.00 per share. The May 2025 Private Placement closed on May 28, 2025. After deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $99 million. The Company intends to use these net proceeds for research and development, marketing, general working capital and general corporate purposes, which could include potential acquisitions of complementary businesses or assets. The May 2025 SPA includes standard representations, warranties and covenants of the Company and May 2025 Investors, including a restriction on future issuances of the Company’s capital stock or filing a registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto (subject to certain exceptions) for a period of thirty (30) days following effectiveness of the Company’s May 2025 Resale Registration Statement (as defined below) required by the May 2025 Registration Rights Agreement (as defined below). Also on May 26, 2025, in connection with the May 2025 Private Placement, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with the Investors (the “May 2025 Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC covering the resale of the May 2025 PIPE Shares (the “May 2025 Resale Registration Statement”) by no later than June 10, 2025 (the date of filing, the “May 2025 Filing Date”), with the May 2025 Resale Registration Statement to be effective within 30 days of the May 2025 Filing Date (if it is not subject to review by the SEC), or within 60 days after the Filing Date (if it is subject to full review by the SEC). The May 2025 Investors are also entitled (subject to certain exceptions) to customary piggyback registration rights during the period in which the May 2025 Resale Registration Statement is effective. The Company initially filed the May 2025 Registration Rights Agreement covering the May 2025 PIPE Shares on June 9, 2025, which was declared effective by the SEC on June 18, 2025. Titan Partners Group LLC, a division of American Capital Partners, LLC, acted as placement agent for the Private Placement (the “May 2025 Placement Agent”) under a placement agency agreement with the Company (“May 2025 Placement Agency Agreement”), pursuant to which it received a cash fee equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the Private Placement, and reimbursement of $150,000 in legal expenses.

Subsequent to September 30, 2025, the Company completed an additional private placement offering. See Note 11 for further information.

Mezzanine Equity

Pursuant to the terms of a subscription agreement (the “Put Right Subscription Agreement”) signed by the Company during the year ended September 30, 2023 as part of the Series A Round, a subscriber (the “Subscriber”) purchased 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Put Shares”) for $2.50 per share or $5,000,000 (the “Purchase Price”). The Put Right Subscription Agreement included a right (the “Put Right”) which entitled the Subscriber to elect to sell to the Company any part or all of the Put Shares acquired if (a) the Company’s initial public offering registration statement (“IPO Registration Statement”) was not declared effective by the SEC by December 31, 2023; or (b) the Company committed a material breach of the Agreement and either that breach was not capable of being remedied or, if capable of remedy, the Company did not remedy that breach as soon as possible and in any event within 30 business days of its receipt of a notice from the Subscriber requiring the Company to remedy that breach.

ASC 480-10-S99-3A provides guidance on the classification and measurement of redeemable securities, which requires classification in temporary equity of securities redeemable for cash or other assets if they are redeemable under certain conditions. One of these conditions is the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the issuer. This condition was applicable up to March 30, 2024, as the Subscriber could have exercised the Put Option and required the Company to redeem the Put Shares since the IPO Registration Statement was not declared effective by the SEC by December 31, 2023. This process involved a significant number of third parties and the SEC’s declaration of effectiveness was ultimately within the SEC’s control. Therefore, this contingently redeemable feature was not considered to be within the control of the Company and was classified within mezzanine equity on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023. On March 30, 2024, the Subscriber terminated the Put Option at the request of the Company and the amount within mezzanine equity was converted to stockholders’ equity.

Equity-Based Compensation

Issuance of Common Stock for Consulting fees

During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued to two consultants an aggregate of 20,000 shares of Common Stock with an aggregate fair value of $167,800, which represents equity-based compensation and is recorded within general and administrative expenses.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Options

On February 10, 2023, and June 7, 2023, the Company adopted two distinct stock option plans which are referred to individually, as the 2023 Stock Option Plan #1 and the 2023 Stock Option Plan #2 (collectively, the “2023 Stock Option Plans”). On April 23, 2025 (the “Effective Date”), the Company’s shareholders approved, and the Company adopted an equity incentive plan (the “2025 Equity Plan”) whereby a total of 4,750,000 shares plus 679,440 shares that were available for issuance under the 2023 Stock Option Plans as of the 2025 Equity Plan’s Effective Date were available for future awards under the 2025 Equity Plan. This amount may increase annually on January 1 each year beginning on January 1, 2026 to January 1, 2035, by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 5% of the common shares outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) such smaller number of common shares as determined by the board of directors (the “Board”) or a committee of the Board. The common shares subject to the 2025 Equity Plan may be authorized, but unissued, or reacquired shares.

On March 6, 2025, the Company issued 338,000 stock options exercisable at $26.97 per common share with expiry on March 6, 2035, with approximately one-sixth of these options to be vested annually from 2026 to 2031 on March 6 thof each year.

On March 13, 2025, the Company issued 765,000 fully vested stock options exercisable at $28.32 per common share with expiry on March 13, 2035,55,000 fully vested stock options exercisable at $28.32 per common share with expiry on March 13, 2030, and 5,300 stock options exercisable at $28.32 with expiry on March 13, 2030, to be fully vested on March 1, 2026.

On June 3, 2025, the Company issued 6,000 stock options exercisable at $29.18 per common share with expiry on June 3, 2030, to be fully vested on June 3, 2026.

On June 11, 2025, the Company issued 15,000 fully vested stock options exercisable at $34.25 per common share with expiry on June 11, 2030.

The Company determined the fair value of the 1,184,300 aggregate options granted during the year ended September 30, 2025 using a Black-Scholes pricing model and the following key assumptions:.expected term of 2.50 -6.00 years, volatility of 87.00 -112.23%, risk-free rate of 3.92 -4.12%, andzero dividends.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the year ended September 30, 2025 was $20.06 per share. During the year ended September 30, 2025, total stock-based compensation for stock options expected to vest was $17,410,675. There is $6,243,821 of remaining stock compensation expense to be recognized at September 30, 2025 corresponding to future vesting dates which will occur between 2026 and 2031 and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.17 years.

During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 125,000 fully vested stock options exercisable at $3.00 per common share with expiry on March 13, 2027. The 125,000 options were valued at $152,457 based on a Black-Scholes valuation with the following assumptions (Risk-free interest rate:4.37%; expected life of options:1.5 years; estimated volatility:82.5%; dividend rate:0%).

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options issued during the year ended September 30, 2024 was $1.22 per share. There wasno remaining stock compensation expense to be recognized at September 30, 2024 as all options vested immediately upon grant.

Restricted Stock Units

On June 3, 2025, the Company granted 350,748 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to various consultants and key employees. The aggregate grant-date fair value of the RSUs was $10,234,827 or $29.18 per share based on the market price of our stock on the date of grant. The restricted stock units vests as follows:302,964 RSUs vest one-third on the grant-date anniversary;32,784 RSUs vest on the grant-date anniversary, and 15,000 vest 50% on the six month anniversary of the grant-date with remaining vesting on the grant-date anniversary.

During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized stock-based compensation for RSUs expected to vest of $1,418,313. As of September 30, 2025, we have unrecognized compensation of $8,816,514 which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.35 years.

Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

Option Activity

A summary of cumulative option activity under the 2023 Stock Option Plans and the 2025 Equity Plan is as follows:

Warrant Activity

A summary of cumulative warrant activity is as follows:

Restricted Stock Unit Activity

A summary of cumulative restricted stock unit activity under the 2025 Equity Plan is as follows:

5. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

In August 2024, the Company purchased a 1.64-acre land package in the historic Heritage Center Industrial Park in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for $1.7 million. The purchase included a 14,000 sq. ft., 2-story building to house the Company’s Nuclear Technology Branch. Depreciation was $94,351 and $10,393 for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

In July 2025, the Company purchased a 2.75-acre land package in Oak Brook, Illinois, for $3.5 million. The purchase included a 23,537 sq. ft. building to serve as a regional demonstration and office facility to support the development of the Company’s KRONOS MMR™ Microreactor Energy System. Depreciation was $39,625 andnil for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

6. RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had two long-term operating leases corresponding to (1) its corporate headquarters located at 10 Times Square, 30th Floor, New York, New York and (2) space being used as a technology demonstration facility in Westchester County, New York. Lease components in the Company’s long-term operating leases are accounted for following the guidance in ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”), for the capitalization of long-term leases. At September 30, 2025, the lease liability was equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using a borrowing rate based on similar debt.

Balance sheet information related to the Company’s leases is presented below.

6. RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES (Continued)

The following provides details of the Company’s lease expense:

Other information related to leases is presented below.

As of September 30, 2025, the expected annual minimum lease payments of the Company’s operating lease liabilities were as follows:

7. ACQUISITION OF ALIP TECHNOLOGY

On June 21, 2024, the Company acquired a novel annular linear induction pump (“ALIP”) technology used in small nuclear reactor cooling (“ALIP Acquisition”) from noted physicist, research engineer and project manager Carlos O. Maidana, PhD. In connection with the transaction, Dr. Maidana agreed to collaborate with the Company as a consultant on further development of the ALIP technology with a view toward achieving SBIR Phase III Award status.

As part of this transaction, Dr. Maidana assigned to NANO all intellectual property rights associated with the ALIP technology and product, his work on the foregoing grants and the proposal for the SBIR Phase III program. As consideration for the ALIP Acquisition, the Company (i) issued 50,000 shares of Common Stock to Dr. Maidana and (ii) paid Dr. Maidana cash consideration of $50,000. Additionally, the Company agreed to deliver to Dr. Madana an additional (iii)50,000 shares of Common Stock and (iv) cash consideration of $50,000, contingent upon the successful completion of the SBIR Phase III project prior to specific timetables. The Company anticipated that the completion of the SBIR Phase III project would occur, and therefore had calculated the contingent consideration at the closing price of NANO’s stock on the date of acquisition. The ALIP Acquisition was accounted for as an acquisition of in-process R&D that was fully expensed on the acquisition date as R&D costs.

The ALIP Acquisition was recorded at its fair value as of June 21, 2024. The total purchase price was approximately $1.67 million and was comprised of the following:

7. ACQUISITION OF ALIP TECHNOLOGY (Continued)

On June 21, 2024, the contingent cash and common shares obligation was recorded at its fair value of $836,500 based on the closing price of NANO’s stock on the date of acquisition. At September 30, 2024, the contingent cash and common shares obligation was revalued to its fair value of $770,500 based on the closing price of NANO’s stock on September 30, 2024, which resulted in a revaluation recovery of $66,000. At September 30, 2025, the contingent cash and common shares obligation was revalued to its fair value of $1,978,000 based on the closing price of NANO’s stock on September 30, 2025, which resulted in a revaluation expense of $1,207,500.

8. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS, RELATED PARTY

In August 2024, the Company invested $2,000,000 as an equity investment into LIS Technologies Inc. (“LIST”) (which is a related party), as part of its $11.88 million seed funding round. This additional capital into LIST was anticipated to help fuel the development of its proprietary, patented advanced laser enrichment technology.

Concurrently with our investment in LIST, we entered into an agreement with LIST to collaborate and assist in developing LIST’s technologies to secure a fuel supply for our future operations and the wider nuclear energy industry. The parties intend that LIST will provide the Company with enriched UF6 at no cost to be fabricated and sold to customers, with LIST to receive compensation as part of a profit-sharing arrangement to be agreed to between the companies in the future. Through collaboration with LIST, the Company anticipates building supportive facilities around LIST’s enrichment facility, including such facilities as deconversion and fuel fabrication.

The Company also leased approximately 7,000 square feet of dedicated space within its Oak Ridge, Tennessee, based nuclear technology facility to LIST to enable the next phase of the revitalization of its proprietary laser-based process. The Company leases this space to LIST for $7,000 per month. The lease became effective on September 2, 2024 and has a term ending on September 1, 2034.

The Company’s relationship with LIST is considered a related party transaction since certain of the Company’s executive officers and directors, including Jay Jiang Yu and Dr. Tsun Yee Law, also serve as officers and directors for LIST, and James Walker and Jaisun Garcha serve as consultants to LIST. The Company’s investment in LIST was unanimously approved by all of the Company’s disinterested independent directors.

9. USNC ASSET ACQUISITION

On December 18, 2024, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (as amended, the “USNC Agreement”) with Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, “USNC”) to acquire select nuclear energy technology assets (the “USNC Assets”) on an as-is, where-is basis, including USNC’s micro modular nuclear reactor business previously marketed as a MMR® Microreactor Energy System, which the Company has renamed “KRONOS MMRTM” (“KRONOS Business”), and transportable fission power system technology business previously marketed as a Pylon Transportable Reactor Platform, which the Company has renamed “LOKI MMRTM” (“LOKI Business”). The acquired assets included certain contracts, intellectual property rights, and a demonstration project, free and clear of any liens other than certain specified liabilities of USNC that were assumed, for a total purchase price of $8.5 million in cash through an auction process (“Auction”) conducted pursuant to Section 363 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in connection with USNC’s pending Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings. On December 18, 2024, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, the Bankruptcy Court overseeing USNC’s bankruptcy held a hearing where it approved the sale of the USNC Assets to the Company.

On January 10, 2025, we closed the acquisition (the “USNC Closing”) of the USNC Assets related to the KRONOS Business and the LOKI Business from USNC. The USNC Assets included (i) five contracts with third-party collaborators, (ii) 38 issued, pending or published patents, 16 registered, pending or published trademarks, and any other technology and intellectual property related to the acquired assets, (iii) rights related to a demonstration project related to the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System in the United States and (iv) the business records of the USNC Assets and related rights. We acquired these assets through two new wholly owned subsidiaries incorporated in Nevada.

The USNC Assets also included certain Canadian assets relating to both the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System and certain Canadian intellectual property rights relating to the LOKI MMR™ (the “Canadian Assets”). The Canadian Assets include, among other assets, (i) three contracts with Canadian authorities, including a license application (the “Chalk River License Application”) with the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (“CNSC”) associated with a KRONOS MMRTM reactor demonstration project at Chalk River Laboratories located in Ontario, Canada (the “Chalk River Project”), (ii) the equity interests of a Canadian partnership that was believed at the time to hold the Chalk River License Application (the “Canadian Partnership”), and (iii) rights related to the Chalk River Project. The transfer of the Chalk River License Application and certain other of the Canadian Assets (such assets, the “Consent Assets”) required the consent of certain Canadian governmental entities, including the CNSC (the “Canadian Consents”). We established an escrow of $250,000 deposited at the closing securing the Canadian Consents. If the Canadian Consents were not received within 90 days after the closing, we had the right to terminate the acquisition of the Consent Assets, receive the return of $250,000 held in escrow and forfeit our rights to the Consent Assets. Our right to acquire the Consent Assets was established pursuant to an option arrangement with our Chairman and President and his affiliated entities as described below.

On January 10, 2025, we acquired the USNC Assets free and clear of any liens other than certain specified liabilities of USNC that were assumed, for a total purchase price of $8.5 million in cash through an auction conducted pursuant to Section 363 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in connection with USNC’s pending Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings. On December 18, 2024, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, the court overseeing USNC’s bankruptcy, approved the sale of the USNC Assets to us, including the Canadian Assets, which approval included our right to assign our purchase rights to the Consent Assets.

We had a limited amount of time to conduct due diligence on the USNC Assets, particularly the Canadian Assets. Moreover, we were made aware at that time that certain Consent Assets (specifically the Canadian Partnership) could be encumbered by liabilities that could not be cleared through USNC’s U.S. bankruptcy process, thus creating a risk to us should we assume such liabilities. To enable our ability to continue diligence of the Consent Assets to ensure we acquired the correct assets and did not assume or become exposed to any unknown liabilities, on the closing date of the USNC Asset acquisition, we assigned our rights to acquire the Consent Assets to Jay Jiang Yu, our founder, President, Secretary and Treasurer, and Chairman of the Board, and certain existing Canadian entities owned or controlled by Mr. Yu (the “Yu Entities”). Accordingly, on January 10, 2025, we entered into an option agreement (“Yu Option Agreement”) with Mr. Yu and Yu Entities, pursuant to which we received an option back from Mr. Yu and the Yu Entities to acquire for nominal consideration, for a period of five years beginning with the receipt by the Yu Entities of the Consent Assets upon receiving the Canadian Consents, any or all of the equity interests of the Yu Entities or the Canadian Partnership, the other Consent Assets or the material assets and business of the Canadian Partnership. The assignment of the right to acquire the Consent Assets and the Yu Option Agreement were unanimously approved by our disinterested directors. Given the uncertainties regarding the Consent Assets at that time, we believe this option arrangement was the most efficient and cost-effective structure (particularly since the option was exercisable by us for only nominal consideration) for us to close the bankruptcy sale and secure the right to acquire Consent Assets, while also preserving our ability to progress the KRONOS project in Canada and facilitate the Canadian Consents.

During 2025, we sought Canadian Consents for the Consent Assets (most notably, the Chalk River License Application). As part of our continuing due diligence, we learned that a USNC affiliate called Global First Power Ltd. (“GFPL”), and not the Canadian Partnership, was in fact the holder of the Chalk River License Application. Further, we were informed by the CNSC that the Chalk River License Application could not be transferred and that only GFPL itself could complete the Chalk River License Application and obtain the license for the Chalk River Project or, alternatively, we or our subsidiaries or designees would need to file a new application with the CNSC. Accordingly, we determined that the most efficient course of action for our company to continue the Chalk River Project would be for us to acquire GFPL itself and thereby acquire the Chalk River License Application. As a result, on August 14, 2025, The RPWI Liquidating Trust, a Delaware liquidating trust created pursuant to USNC’s plan of liquidation in bankruptcy, GFPL, our company and our subsidiary Kronos MMR Inc. entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “GFPL Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which Kronos MMR agreed to purchase all of the equity interests of GFPL and any other assets of GFPL that are specified in the GFPL Purchase Agreement (including the rights to the Chalk River License Application), free and clear of all liens, claims, encumbrances and other interests. The purchase price for GFPL was our assumption of an approximately $0.65 million liability, which was the amount owed by GFPL to the CNSC for pre-petition bankruptcy claims, plus any other amounts payable to CNSC for the Chalk River License Application which first arise and relate to, or become due and payable in the ordinary course after the closing of such acquisition, plus a $15,000 expense reimbursement allowance. On September 2, 2025, the GFPL Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby were approved by the Bankruptcy Court, and on October 16, 2025, such transaction was closed. We expect to pay the $0.65 million assumed liability using cash on hand in the near future.

As a result of the foregoing, neither the Yu Entities nor our company formally acquired the Consent Assets, and given our subsequent due diligence and discussions with CNSC following our acquisition of the USNC Assets, we have determined that (i) our acquisition of GFPL provides us with all of the rights and assets we require from USNC to progress the Chalk River Project, (ii) the Consent Assets subject to the Yu Option Agreement are immaterial to our plans and need not be acquired, with the result that we expect to terminate the Yu Option Agreement and (iii) given that the Canadian Consents were not achieved on a timely basis, we intend to seek a return of the $250,000 escrow amount.

9. USNC ASSET ACQUISITION (Continued)

The total consideration paid at closing for the USNC Assets was $8.5 million in cash. The Company accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition under ASC 805-50, “Business Combinations – Asset Acquisition”, as the acquired set of assets did not meet the definition of a business. The fair value of the identifiable assets was determined using the Historical Transaction Method under the Market Approach.

The fair value allocation of the consideration transferred is as follows:

The fair value was attributed to IPR&D assets associated with both the KRONOS Business and the LOKI Business. The acquired IPR&D assets are considered an indefinite-lived intangible asset and will not be amortized until the underlying technologies are placed into service. The Company will test the assets for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate potential impairment.

10. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s provision for income taxes for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $0 and $0, respectively.

Reconciliation of the Company’s effective tax rate to statutory rates for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

The Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had total net deferred tax assets of $27,434,239 and $5,675,186, respectively. A valuation allowance is required to reduce deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during those periods in which those temporary differences are deductible.

After consideration of all the evidence, both positive and negative, management determined that a 100% valuation allowance was necessary as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 in the amount of $27,434,239 an $5,675,186 , respectively, to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. The increase in the valuation allowance during the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $21,759,053 and $3,704,016, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company subject to limitations, had approximately $48.6 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes, $61.4 million in net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes and $48.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards for city income tax purposes, to offset future taxable income which never expires but has annual limitations of 80% of the Company’s taxable income. The utilization of the Company’s net operating losses are subject to a U.S. federal limitation due to the “change in ownership provisions” under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and other similar limitations in various state jurisdictions. Such limitations may result in a reduction of the amount of net operating loss carryforwards in future years and possibly the expiration of certain net operating loss carryforwards before their utilization.

11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after September 30, 2025 through the date that the consolidated financial statements were issued. During this period, there were no material subsequent events requiring disclosure except as stated as follows:

Between October 1, 2025 and the date that the consolidated financial statements were issued,41,450 warrants were exercised to purchase 20,725 Common Stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share generating gross proceeds of approximately $415,000,238,888 warrants were exercised to purchase 119,444 Common Stock at an exercise price of $17.00 per share generating gross proceeds of approximately $2,030,000,105,000 stock options were exercised to purchase 105,000 common shares at an exercise price of $3.00 per share generating proceeds of approximately $105,000, and 17,500 RSUs vested but have not been issued as of the date of this Report.

On October 7, 2025, the Company, entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with six institutional investors (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer and sell 8,490,767 shares (“Shares”) of common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), in a private placement (the “Private Placement”) for gross proceeds of approximately $400,000,000. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued and sold the Shares in the Private Placement at a purchase price of $47.11 per share. The Private Placement closed on October 10, 2025. After deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $378,600,000. The Company intends to use these net proceeds to advance development, construction and regulatory licensing activities for its lead micro nuclear reactor program, the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System, continue development of its other micro reactor projects and other nuclear energy related business lines, pursue potential strategic acquisitions, and for general corporate purposes. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement the Company included a resale prospectus in the next amendment to its registration statement on Form S-3 initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 25, 2025 (File No.: 333-288982) covering the resale of the Shares (the “Resale Registration Statement”) which was amended and filed on October 22, 2025 (the date of filing, the “Filing Date”), and with the Resale Registration Statement to be effective within 30 days following the later of (i) the Filing Date, and (ii) the second business day after the date on which the United States Federal government shutdown has concluded and the Securities and Exchange Commission has reopened for operations, if it is not subject to review by the SEC. The Company will have an additional 30 days to cause the Resale Registration Statement to become effective, if it is subject to full review by the SEC. The Purchase Agreement includes standard representations, warranties and covenants of the Company and Investors, including a restriction on future issuances of the Company’s capital stock or filing a registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto (subject to certain exceptions) for a period of thirty (30) days following effectiveness of the Resale Registration Statement. Titan Partners Group LLC, a division of American Capital Partners, LLC, acted as placement agent for the Private Placement (the “Placement Agent”) under a placement agency agreement with the Company (“Placement Agency Agreement”), pursuant to which it received a cash fee equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the Private Placement, and reimbursement of $200,000 in legal expenses.

EXHIBIT INDEX

• Certain portions of this exhibit are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulations S-K because they are not material and are the type that the registrant treats as private or confidential. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted portion to the SEC upon request.

^ Certain portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(6) of Regulations S-K. The Company hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted portion to the SEC upon request.

^^ In accordance with Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K, certain schedules or similar attachments to this exhibit have been omitted from this filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.