SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORP

1)Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Articles 8 and 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File Number 000-09341). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to adopt policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. In applying these policies and estimates, the Company makes judgments that frequently require assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain. Accordingly, significant estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements may be subject to significant adjustments in future periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term are those used in determining the value of derivative assets and liabilities; those used in determining deferred acquisition costs and the value of business acquired; those used in determining the liability for future policy benefits; those used in determining the value of loans held for sale; and those used in determining loan loss reserve. Although some variability is inherent in these estimates, management believes the amounts provided are fairly stated in all material respects.

2)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

ASU No. 2018-12: “Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts”— Issued in August 2018, ASU 2018-12 is intended to improve the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits on traditional long-duration contracts by requiring that assumptions be updated after contract inception and by modifying the rate used to discount future cash flows. The standard is aimed at improving the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit or account balance contracts, simplifying amortization of deferred acquisition costs while improving and expanding required disclosures. In November 2020, ASU No. 2020-11: “Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date and Early Application,” was issued. This ASU was issued to provide additional time for the implementation of ASU No. 2018-12 by deferring the effective date by one year. For smaller reporting companies, this update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company will adopt the standard commencing with its annual reporting period ending December 31, 2025, using the modified retrospective transition method as of the transition date (“Transition Date”) of January 1, 2024. The modified retrospective transition method requires the amended guidance be applied to contracts issued after the beginning of the earliest period presented, or the Transition Date, which will result in the restatement of the 2024 consolidated financial statements.

The Company is nearing completion of its analysis and implementation of the new standard, including the identification of cohorts, system updates, and design. The Company has engaged its team of actuaries, accountants, and systems specialists and consulted external system providers as part of the implementation. The adoption of this guidance is expected to have an impact on its financial position, results of operations, and disclosures, as well as systems, processes and controls. Based upon the modified retrospective transition method, the Company estimates that the January 1, 2024, Transition Date impact from adoption will include an increase to total stockholders’ equity of approximately $4 million to $6 million. This expected increase includes the estimated impact to accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), which, as of the Transition Date, is expected to result in an increase of approximately $4 million to $6 million, net of income tax. The most significant drivers of the expected increase in AOCI are the anticipated impacts of the changes in the discount rates as of the Transition Date to be used in measuring the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited payment contracts. The expected increase to total stockholders’ equity also includes the estimated impact to retained earnings, which is immaterial.

After implementation, cash flow assumptions, such as mortality, lapse, and expense, will be reviewed at least annually and, if necessary, they will be updated to reflect actual experience and current expectations in the calculation of the Company’s future policy benefits. Historically, cash flow assumptions were locked in at policy issuance and remained in place for the life of the business—even when material variances emerged between assumptions and actual experience—except in the case of a premium deficiency. Under the new guidance, net premiums are capped at 100 percent of gross premiums at the cohort level. Adoption of this standard also requires changes in the future treatment of the Company’s Deferred Acquisition Cost (“DAC”) asset.

Historically, the interest rate used to calculate the Company’s future policy benefits was set at policy issuance and remained in effect for the life of the policy. The Company used an expected investment portfolio rate of return based on a conservative experience assumption. The new guidance seeks to improve reporting on the financial impact associated with interest rate sensitivity. To accomplish this, future policy benefits will be calculated using a discount rate based on an upper-medium-grade (A-rated) fixed income instrument.

2)Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Continued)

The initial future policy benefit for each cohort is calculated using the original discount rate and then remeasured using the current discount rate curve. The original rate is used to determine interest accretion on the liability—which is included in net earnings—as well as to calculate the net premiums in both scenarios. The impact of remeasurement, from the original locked-in discount rate to the current rate, is reported as a component of the Company’s AOCI. This original discount rate is locked in at the cohort’s inception or at the Transition Date and will continue to be used in determining the impact on future net earnings associated with that contract.

DAC is used by insurance companies to defer costs related to acquiring insurance policies. Under the new guidance, amortization methods will be simplified, and DAC for all insurance contracts will be subject to straight-line amortization over the lifetime of the policy. Historically, traditional life contracts were amortized in proportion to premiums over the expected premium-paying period. Additionally, shadow DAC will no longer be reported and will be removed from AOCI, net of tax. The impact of the removal of shadow DAC is immaterial. The Company expects the impact on net earnings due to the decrease in amortization of DAC to be in the range of $3 million to $4 million, net of tax for 2024.

While the requirements of the new guidance represents a change from existing standard, the new guidance will not impact capital and surplus or net income under statutory accounting practices, cash flows on the Company’s policies, or the underlying economics of the Company’s business.

ASU No. 2023-09: “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”— Issued in December 2023, ASU 2023-09 requires that public business entities, on an annual basis: (i) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (ii) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, the amendments in this update require that all entities disclose on an annual basis the following information about income taxes paid: (i) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes and (ii) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than 5 percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company for the annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2025. The Company will adopt the standard commencing with its annual reporting period ending December 31, 2025. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2024-03: “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income- Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”— Issued in November 2024, ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities to disclose, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, specified information about certain expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. ASU 2024-03 requires disclosures about specific types of expenses (i.e., (a) purchases of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation and (d) intangible asset amortization) included in the expense captions presented on the face of the statement of earnings as well as disclosures about selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 does not change the requirements for the presentation of expenses on the statement of earnings. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Accordingly, the Company will adopt the standard commencing with its annual reporting period ending December 31, 2027. The Company is in the process of estimating the potential impact of this new standard on the consolidated financial statements.

The Company has reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and has determined that they will not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

3)Investments

The Company’s investments as of September 30, 2025, are summarized as follows:

The Company’s investments as of December 31, 2024, are summarized as follows:

There were no investments in fixed maturity securities or equity securities, aggregated by issuer, of more than 10% of shareholders’ equity (before net unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and fixed maturity securities) as of September 30, 2025, other than investments issued or guaranteed by the United States Government.

Fixed Maturity Securities

The table below summarizes unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities available for sale that were carried at estimated fair value as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. The fair values of fixed maturity securities that are actively traded are based on quoted market prices. For fixed maturity securities that are not actively traded, fair values are estimated using values obtained from independent pricing services, or in the case of private placements, are estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using a current market value applicable to the coupon rate, credit and maturity of the investments. The table below sets forth unrealized losses by duration with the fair value of the related fixed maturity securities.

Relevant holdings were comprised of 359 securities with fair values aggregating 94.1% of the aggregate amortized cost as of September 30, 2025, compared to 706 securities with fair values aggregating 94.9% of the aggregate amortized cost as of December 31, 2024. A credit loss provision of $45,882 and of $20,342 have been recognized for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. A credit loss provision of $111,875 and of $100,053 have been recognized for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Credit losses are included in gains (losses) on investments and other assets on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. Other unrealized losses for which no credit loss was recognized are primarily the result of increases in interest rates.

Evaluation of Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company evaluates its fixed maturity securities classified as available for sale on a quarterly basis to identify any potential credit losses. This evaluation includes a review of current ratings by the National Association of Insurance Commissions (“NAIC”) and other industry rating agencies. Securities with NAIC rating of 1 or 2 are considered investment grade and are only reviewed for credit loss if current market data or recent company news could lead to a credit downgrade. Securities with NAIC ratings of 3 to 5 are considered non-investment grade and are evaluated for credit loss. The evaluation involves assessing all facts and circumstances surrounding each security including, but not limited to, historical values, interest payment history, projected earnings, and revenue growth rates as well as a review of the reason for a downgrade in the NAIC rating. Based on the analysis of a security that is rated 3 to 5, a determination is made whether the security will likely make payments in accordance with the terms of the financial instrument. Securities with a rating of 6 are automatically determined to be impaired, and a credit loss is recognized in earnings.

Where the decline in fair value of fixed maturity securities is attributable to changes in market interest rates or to factors such as market volatility, liquidity and spread widening, and the Company anticipates recovery of all contractual or expected cash flows, the Company does not consider these securities to have credit loss because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell these securities before a recovery of amortized cost, which may be at maturity.

If the Company intends to sell a fixed maturity security or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, a credit loss has occurred and the difference between the amortized cost and the fair value that relates to the expected credit loss is recognized as a loss in earnings, included in gains (losses) on investments and other assets on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

If the Company does not intend to sell a fixed maturity security and it is less likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security but the Company also does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, a credit loss is recognized in earnings for the amount of the expected credit loss with a corresponding allowance for credit losses as a contra-asset account. The credit loss is included in gains (losses) on investments and other assets on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. The recognized credit loss is limited to the total unrealized loss on the security due to a change in credit.

Amounts due on available for sale fixed maturities that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off and removed from the allowance for credit loss. A write-off may also occur if the Company intends to sell a security or when it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost.

The Company does not calculate a credit loss allowance on accrued interest income, included in accrued investment income on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, as the Company writes off any accrued interest income to net investment income if the accrued but unpaid amount exceeds 90 days.

Credit Quality Indicators

Based on the NAIC securities designations, the Company had 98.5% and 97.7% of its fixed maturity securities rated investment grade as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The following table summarizes the credit quality, by NAIC designation, of the Company’s fixed maturity securities available for sale, excluding redeemable preferred stock.

The following tables present a roll forward of the Company’s allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity securities available for sale for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024:

The following tables present a roll forward of the Company’s allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity securities available for sale for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024:

The table below presents the amortized cost and the estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities available for sale as of September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity. Actual or expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities afford the issuer the right to call or prepay its obligations.

Information regarding sales of fixed maturity securities available for sale is presented as follows.

Assets on Deposit, Held in Trust, and Pledged as Collateral

Assets on deposit with life insurance regulatory authorities as required by law were as follows:

Assets held in trust related to third-party reinsurance agreements were as follows:

The Company, through two of its life insurance subsidiaries, is a member of the Federal Home Loan Banks of Des Moines and Dallas (“FHLBs”). Assets pledged as collateral with the FHLBs are presented below. These pledged securities are used as collateral for any FHLB cash advances. As of September 30, 2025, the Company owed $21,000,000 to the FHLBs for advances, which is included in Bank and other loans payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company received $69,000,000 in advances and repaid $48,000,000 of these advances during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Real Estate Held for Investment and Held for Sale

The Company strategically deploys resources into real estate assets to match the income and yield durations of its primary obligations. The sources for these real estate assets come through its various business units in the form of acquisition, development, and mortgage foreclosures.

Commercial Real Estate Held for Investment and Held for Sale

The Company owns, invests in and manages commercial real estate as a means of both generating investment income and providing workspace for its employees. This asset class is acquired in accordance with the Company’s goals and objectives for risk-adjusted returns. Due diligence is conducted on each asset using internal and third-party resources. The geographic locations and asset sub-classes of investments are determined by senior management under the direction of the Board of Directors.

The Company employs full-time employees to manage the day-to-day operations of its commercial real estate within the greater Salt Lake area and close surrounding markets. The Company utilizes third party property managers where the geographic location does not warrant full-time staff or through strategic lease-up periods. The Company generally acquires commercial real estate in connection with company acquisitions or that are in regions expected to have high growth in employment and population and that provide operational efficiencies.

The Company currently owns and operates six commercial properties in two states. These properties include office buildings, flex office space, and the redevelopment and expansion of its corporate campus (“Center53”) in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Company uses bank debt in strategic cases, primarily where it is anticipated to improve yields, or facilitate the acquisition of higher quality assets or asset class diversification.

The aggregate net book value of commercial real estate serving as collateral for bank loans was $116,012,235 and $119,889,846 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The associated bank loan carrying values totaled $94,597,809 and $96,007,488 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company did not record any impairment losses on commercial real estate held for investment or held for sale. Impairment losses, if any, are included in gains (losses) on investment and other assets on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

During the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company recorded depreciation expense on commercial real estate held for investment of $1,432,750 and $1,420,367, respectively, and of $4,287,687 and $4,366,462 during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Commercial real estate held for investment is stated at cost and is depreciated over the estimated useful life, primarily using the straight-line method. Depreciation is included in net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

The Company’s commercial real estate held for investment is summarized as follows as of the respective dates indicated:

3. Investments (Continued)

The Company’s commercial real estate held for sale is summarized as follows as of the respective dates indicated:

Commercial Real Estate Owned and Occupied by the Company

The primary business units of the Company occupy a portion of the real estate owned by the Company. As of September 30, 2025, real estate owned and occupied by the Company is summarized as follows:

Residential Real Estate Held for Investment and Held for Sale

The Company occasionally acquires residential homes through the mortgage loan foreclosure process. The Company has the option to sell these properties or to continue to hold them for expected cash flow and price appreciation. The Company also looks for opportunities to acquire land that can be developed into single family lots. Once developed, finished lots are sold to builder partners and others.

During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 the Company did not record any impairment losses on residential real estate held for investment. Impairment losses, if any, are included in gains (losses) on investment and other assets on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

During the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company recorded depreciation expense on residential real estate held for investment of $2,732 and $2,653, respectively, and $8,139 and $7,958 during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Residential real estate held for investment is stated at cost and is depreciated over the estimated useful life, primarily using the straight-line method. Depreciation is included in net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

The Company’s residential real estate held for investment is summarized as follows as of the respective dates indicated:

The Company also invests in residential subdivision developments. The following table presents additional information regarding the Company’s residential subdivision development projects in Utah:

The Company’s residential real estate held for sale is summarized as follows as of the respective dates indicated:

The net book value of foreclosed residential real estate included in residential real estate held for sale was $1,467,850 and $1,126,480 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Mortgage Loans Held for Investment

Mortgage loans held for investment consist of first and second mortgages and are generally classified into three distinct groups: Commercial, Residential and Residential Construction. These mortgage loans bear interest at rates ranging from 2.0% to 10.5%; maturity dates range from nine months to 30 years and have amortization periods of 0 to 30 years.

Concentrations of credit risk arise when several mortgage loan debtors have similar economic characteristics that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. Although the Company has a diversified mortgage loan portfolio consisting of residential mortgages, commercial loans and residential construction loans and requires collateral on all real estate exposures, a substantial portion of the relevant debtors’ ability to honor obligations is dependent upon the economic stability of the geographic region in which the debtors do business or are employed. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 59%,8%,6%,6%, and 4%, of its mortgage loans from borrowers located in the states of Utah, Florida, Arizona, California, and Texas, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had 56%,8%,9%, and 6% of its mortgage loans from borrowers located in the states of Utah, Florida, Arizona, and Texas, respectively.

Mortgage loans held for investment are carried at their unpaid principal balances adjusted for net deferred fees, charge-offs, premiums, discounts, and the related allowance for credit losses. Interest income is included in net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings and is recognized when earned. The Company defers related material loan origination fees, net of related direct loan origination costs, and amortizes the net fees over the terms of the loans. Origination fees are included in net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

Mortgage loans are secured by the underlying property and require an appraisal at the time of underwriting and funding. Generally, the Company requires that loans not exceed 80% of the fair market value of the respective loan collateral. For loans of more than 80% of the fair market value of the respective loan collateral, additional collateral or mortgage insurance by an approved third-party insurer is generally required.

Evaluation of Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the Company’s mortgage loans held for investment to present the net amount expected to be collected. The Company reports in net earnings, as a credit loss expense, the amount necessary to adjust the allowance for credit losses for the Company’s current estimate of expected credit losses on mortgage loans held for investment. This credit loss expense is included in other expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

Once a mortgage loan is past due 90 days, it is the policy of the Company to end the accrual of interest income on the loan and reverse any interest income that had been accrued. Given this policy, the Company does not measure a credit loss allowance on accrued interest receivable. Accrued interest receivable is included in accrued investment income on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Payments received for mortgage loans on a non-accrual status are recognized when received. The interest income recognized from payments received for mortgage loans on a non-accrual status was immaterial. Accrual of interest resumes if a mortgage loan is brought current. Interest not accrued on these loans totaled approximately $1,043,517 and $244,000 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The Company measures expected credit losses based on the fair value of the collateral when the Company determines that foreclosure is probable. When a mortgage loan becomes delinquent, the Company proceeds to foreclose. Once foreclosed, the property is classified as real estate held for investment or held for sale.

To determine the allowance for credit losses, the Company has segmented its mortgage loans held for investment by loan type. The Company’s loan types are commercial, residential, and residential construction. The inherent risks within the portfolio vary depending upon the loan type as follows:

Commercial - Underwritten in accordance with the Company’s policies to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the obligation as agreed. Commercial loans are made primarily based on the underlying collateral supporting the loan. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the collateral and its ability to generate income and secondarily on the borrower’s (or guarantor’s) ability to repay.

Commercial loans are evaluated for credit loss by analyzing common metrics that are predictors for future credit losses such as debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”), loan to value (“LTV”), local market conditions, borrower quality, and underlying collateral. The fair value of the underlying collateral is based on a third-party appraisal of the property at origination of the loan. The fair value is assessed if the loan becomes 90 days delinquent. The Company uses these metrics to pool similar loans. The allowance for credit losses is based on estimates, historical experience, probability of loss, value of the underlying collateral, and other factors that affect the collectability of the loan. The Company applies a future loss factor to the outstanding balance of each group to arrive at the allowance for credit losses.

Residential — These loans are secured by first and second mortgages on single-family dwellings. The borrower’s ability to repay is sensitive to the life events and the general economic condition of the region. Where LTV exceeds 80%, the loan is generally guaranteed by private mortgage insurance, the FHA, or VA.

Residential loans are evaluated for credit loss by using relevant available information from both internal and external sources. Among other things, the Company uses its historical delinquency information and considers current and forecasted economic conditions. External sources include a monthly analysis of its residential portfolio by a third party. The third party uses the Company’s current loan data and runs it through various models to project cash flows and provide a projected life of loan loss. The models consider loan features such as loan type, LTV, payment status, age, and current property values. Analyzing the information from various sources allows the Company to arrive at an allowance for credit losses.

Residential construction (including land acquisition and development loans) – These loans are underwritten in accordance with the Company’s underwriting policies, which include a financial analysis of the builders, borrowers (guarantors), construction cost estimates, and independent appraisal valuations, and factor in estimates of the value of construction projects upon completion. Construction loans generally involve the disbursement of substantial funds over a short period of time with repayment substantially dependent upon the success of the completed project and the ability of the borrower to secure long-term financing.

Additionally, land acquisition and development loans are underwritten in accordance with the Company’s underwriting policies, which include independent appraisal valuations as well as the estimated value associated with the land upon completion of development into finished lots. These loans are of a higher risk than other mortgage loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to general economic conditions, availability of long-term or construction financing, and interest rate sensitivity.

The Company advances funds in accordance with the loan agreements once the work has been completed, and an independent inspection is made. The maximum loan commitment ranges between 50% and 85% of the appraised value. The Company receives fees and interest for these loans, and the interest rate is generally fixed at 5.25% to 8.50% per annum. Maturities range between six and eighteen months. The Company has commitments to fund existing construction and land development loans pursuant to the various loan agreements. As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s commitments were approximately $221,215,527 for these loans, of which $168,880,381 had been drawn.

Residential construction mortgage loans are evaluated for credit loss by considering historical activity and current housing market trends to arrive at a per loan basis point allowance that is recognized at loan origination and subsequent draws. The per loan basis point is reviewed at least annually or as loan losses or market trends require.

The following table presents a roll forward of the allowance for credit losses as of the dates indicated:

The following table presents the aging of mortgage loans held for investment by loan type as of the dates indicated:

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company evaluates and monitors the credit quality of its commercial loans by analyzing LTV and DSCR. Monitoring a commercial mortgage loan increases when the loan is delinquent or earlier if there is an indication of impairment.

The aggregate unpaid principal balance of commercial mortgage loans by credit quality indicator and origination year was as follows as of September 30, 2025:

The aggregate unpaid principal balance of commercial mortgage loans by credit quality indicator and origination year was as follows as of December 31, 2024:

The Company evaluates and monitors the credit quality of its residential mortgage loans by analyzing LTV and loan performance. The Company defines non-performing mortgage loans as loans more than 90 days past due and on a non-accrual status. Monitoring a residential mortgage loan increases when the loan is delinquent or earlier if there is an indication of impairment.

The aggregate unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans by credit quality indicator and origination year was as follows as of September 30, 2025:

The aggregate unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans by credit quality indicator and origination year was as follows as of December 31, 2024:

The Company evaluates and monitors the credit quality of its residential construction loans (including land acquisition and development loans) by analyzing LTV and loan performance. Monitoring a residential construction mortgage loan increases when the loan is delinquent or earlier if there is an indication of impairment.

The aggregate unpaid principal balance of residential construction mortgage loans by credit quality indicator and origination year was as follows as of September 30, 2025:

The aggregate unpaid principal balance of residential construction mortgage loans by credit quality indicator and origination year was as follows as of December 31, 2024:

Insurance Assignments

The following table presents the aging of insurance assignments, included in other investments and policy loans on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

The Company records an allowance for credit losses when the insurance assignment is funded. Once an insurance assignment is 90 days past due or is in legal proceedings, it is monitored for write-off and collectability, and any adjustments to the allowance are recorded at that time.

The following table presents a roll forward of the allowance for credit losses for insurance assignments as of the dates indicated:

Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”)

The Company has a 50% ownership interest in three VIEs; HHH Real Estate LLC (“HHH”), SN Oquirrh LLC (“Oquirrh”), and SN Towns LLC (“Towns”). These entities hold and develop single family lots for residential construction. In accordance with the operating agreements for these entities, net profits or losses are allocated to the members in accordance with their ownership interests. The investments in HHH, Oquirrh and Towns are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The carrying value of the equity investment in HHH was $11,163,125 andnil at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is included in other investments and policy loans on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value of the equity investment in Oquirrh was $870,063 and $1,500,000 at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is included in other investments and policy loans on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value of the equity investment in Towns was $2,614,037 and $4,063,537 at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. $1,445,769 and $1,939,269 of which at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, is included in restricted assets and $1,168,268 and $2,124,268 of which at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, is included in cemetery perpetual care trust investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has determined that HHH, Oquirrh and Towns are VIEs for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary for the following reasons: (1) the at-risk equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, (2) the General Manager directs the activities and legal operations that most significantly affect the entity’s economic performance and (3) the Company does not have majority voting rights and no power to unilaterally direct the activities of the entity, and therefore, is not the primary beneficiary. The Company’s exposure to loss because of its involvement with the equity method investees is limited to the carrying value of the Company’s investments.

Investment Related Earnings

The following table presents the realized gains and losses from sales, calls, and maturities, and unrealized gains and losses on equity securities from investments and other assets:

The realized gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date, and the cost of the securities sold is determined using the specific identification method.

Net realized gains and losses includes gains and losses from cemetery perpetual care trust investments and the restricted assets of cemeteries and mortuaries and totaled $711,436 and $1,140,136 in net gains for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and of $1,196,591 and $1,519,487 in net gains for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Major categories of net investment income were as follows:

Net investment income includes income earned from cemetery perpetual care trust investments and the restricted assets of cemeteries and mortuaries and totaled $319,480 and $393,811 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and $686,952 and $1,798,170 for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

Net investment income on real estate consists primarily of rental revenue. Investment expenses consist primarily of depreciation, property taxes, operating expenses of real estate, and an estimated portion of administrative expenses relating to investment activities.

Accrued Investment Income

Accrued investment income consists of the following:

4)Loans Held for Sale

The Company’s loans held for sale portfolio is valued using the fair value option. Changes in the fair value of the loans are included in mortgage fee income. Interest income is recorded based on the contractual terms of the loan and in accordance with the Company’s policy on recognition of mortgage loan interest income and is included in mortgage fee income on the condensed consolidated statement of earnings. See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures regarding loans held for sale.

The following table presents the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans held for sale:

Mortgage Fee Income

Mortgage fee income consists of origination fees, processing fees, interest income, and other income related to the origination and sale of mortgage loans held for sale.

Major categories of mortgage fee income for loans held for sale are summarized as follows:

4)Loans Held for Sale (Continued)

Loan Loss Reserve

Repurchase demands (“demand(s)”) from third party investors for mortgage loans previously held for sale and sold are reviewed, and relevant data is captured so that an estimated future loss can be calculated. The key factors that are used in the estimated future loss calculation are as follows: (i) lien position, (ii) payment status, (iii) claim type, (iv) unpaid principal balance, (v) interest rate, and (vi) validity of the demand. Other data is captured and is useful for management purposes; the actual estimated loss is generally based on these key factors. The Company conducts its own review upon the receipt of a demand. In many instances, the Company can resolve the issues relating to the demand by the third-party investor without having to make any payments to the investor.

The loan loss reserve, which is included in other liabilities and accrued expenses, is summarized as follows:

The Company maintains reserves for estimated losses on current production volumes. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, $616,524 in reserves were added at a rate of 3.5 basis points per loan, the equivalent of $350 per $1,000,000 in loans originated. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, $729,734 in reserves were added at a rate of 4.2 basis points per loan, the equivalent of $420 per $1,000,000 in loans originated. The Company monitors market data and trends, and economic conditions (including forecasts) and uses its own experience to determine adequate loss reserves on current production.

5)Stock Compensation Plans

The Company has three active equity incentive plans (the “2013 Plan”, the “2014 Director Plan” and the “2022 Plan” or “the Plans”).

Stock Options

Stock based compensation expense for stock options issued of $310,165 and $195,431 has been recognized for these Plans for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and $919,868 and $577,613 has been recognized for these Plans for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and is included in personnel expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. As of September 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to the options issued was $238,128 which is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period.

The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model. The Company estimates the expected life of the options using the simplified method. Future volatility is estimated based upon the weighted historical volatility of the Company’s Class A common stock over a period equal to the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate for the expected life of the options is based upon the Federal Reserve Board’s daily interest rates in effect at the time of the grant.

The activity of the Plans during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, is summarized as follows:

5)Stock Compensation Plans(Continued)

The activity of the Plans during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, is summarized as follows:

The total intrinsic value (which is the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of an option on the exercise date) of stock options exercised during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 was $1,357,776 and $290,159, respectively.

5)Stock Compensation Plans(Continued)

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

Stock based compensation expense for RSUs issued of $10,076 and $895 has been recognized under these plans for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and $30,012 and $2,666 has been recognized under these plans for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, and is included in personnel expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. The fair value of each RSU granted is determined by the Company’s stock price on the date of the grant. As of September 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to the RSUs issued was $7,286, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period.

Activity of the RSUs during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, is summarized as follows:

Activity of the RSUs during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, is summarized as follows:

6)Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share have been retroactively adjusted for the effect of annual stock dividends. In accordance with GAAP, the basic and diluted earnings per share were calculated as follows:

For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, there were 403,514 andnil anti-dilutive stock option shares, respectively, that were not included in the computation of diluted net earnings per common share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Basic and diluted earnings per share are the same for each class of common stock.

The following table summarizes the activity in shares of capital stock.

7)Business Segment Information

Description of Products and Services by Segment

The Company has identified three operating and reportable business segments: life insurance, cemetery and mortuary, and mortgage. The Company’s life insurance segment revenue consists of life insurance premiums; fees earned on factored life insurance policies and net investment income derived from investing policyholder and surplus funds. Its expenses include operating expenses to collect insurance premiums and insurance policy receivables, and administer claims, and commissions payable related to the sale of insurance products sold by the Company’s independent agency force. The Company’s cemetery and mortuary segment revenue consists of fees from the sale of at-need cemetery and mortuary merchandise, services at its mortuaries and cemeteries, pre-need sales of cemetery spaces and the net investment income from investing surplus cash. Its expenses include operating expenses to maintain mortuary and cemetery operations and commissions related to the sale of insurance products sold by the Company’s agents. The Company’s mortgage segment revenue consists of residential mortgage origination fee income and mortgage interest income. Its expenses include normal operating expenses related to the origination and sale of residential mortgage loans, loan servicing, and warehouse interest and fee expenses.

Services and Cost Sharing Policies

The accounting policies of the Company’s operating and reportable segments are the same as those described in Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Intersegment revenues are recorded at cost plus an agreed upon intercompany profit and are eliminated upon consolidation. In addition to revenues, the reportable segments share in business services and costs including personnel expenses, rent, information technology, software, interest expense, and other similar operating costs. These shared services and costs are allocated between the segments using prevailing market rates and other agreed upon allocation methods.

Factors Management Used to Identify the Company’s Operating and Reportable Segments

The Company’s operating and reportable segments are business units that are managed separately due to the different products provided and the need to report separately to the various regulatory jurisdictions.

Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”)

The Company’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. The following table summarizes significant segment expenses. The significant expenses are based on the information that the CODM is regularly provided to assess segment performance. The CODM reviews the regularly provided information for each segment monthly and gives added emphasis on month-over-month and year-over-year comparative results. The CODM considers these comparative results when making decisions about the allocation of the Company’s resources to each segment. The measure of segment profit or loss for the Company’s three operating and reportable business segments is net earnings.

Mortgage - bad debt, insurance expenses, professional service expenses, business license and registration fees, dues and subscriptions, amortization expense of mortgage servicing rights, and certain overhead expenses.

Mortgage - bad debt, insurance expenses, professional service expenses, business license and registration fees, dues and subscriptions, amortization expense of mortgage servicing rights, and certain overhead expenses.

Mortgage - bad debt, insurance expenses, professional service expenses, business license and registration fees dues and subscriptions, amortization expense of mortgage servicing rights, and certain overhead expenses.

Mortgage - bad debt, insurance expenses, professional service expenses, business license and registration fees, dues and subscriptions, amortization expense of mortgage servicing rights, and certain overhead expenses.

8)Fair Value of Financial Instruments

GAAP defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. GAAP also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions. Fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy:

*Level 1:*Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Company can access.

*Level 2:*Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on the following:

*Level 3:*Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs may reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing financial assets and financial liabilities.

The Company utilizes a combination of third-party valuation service providers, brokers, and internal valuation models to determine fair value.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value presented in its disclosures related to significant financial instruments.

The items shown under Level 1 and Level 2 are valued as follows:

*Fixed Maturity Securities Available for Sale:*The fair values of fixed maturity securities are based on quoted market prices (when available). For fixed maturity securities not actively traded, fair values are estimated using values obtained from independent pricing services, or in the case of private placements (considered Level 3 financial assets), are estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using a current market value applicable to the coupon rate, credit and maturity of the investments.

*Equity Securities:*The fair values for equity securities are based on quoted market prices.

Restricted Assets: A portion of these assets include equity securities and fixed maturity securities that have quoted market prices that are used to determine fair value. Also included are cash and cash equivalents and participations in mortgage loans. The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.

Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments: A portion of these assets include equity securities and fixed maturity securities that have quoted market prices that are used to determine fair value. Also included are cash and cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.

Additionally, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The items shown under Level 3 are valued as follows:

*Loans Held for Sale:*The Company elected the fair value option for loans held for sale. The fair value is based on quoted market prices (when available). When a quoted market price is not readily available, the Company uses the market price from its last sale of similar assets. Fair value is often difficult to determine in volatile markets and may contain significant unobservable inputs.

Loan Commitments and Forward Sale Commitments: The Company’s mortgage segment enters loan commitments with potential borrowers and forward sale commitments to sell loans with third-party investors. The Company also uses a hedging strategy for these transactions. A loan commitment binds the Company to lend funds to a qualified borrower at a specified interest rate and within a specified period, generally up to 30 days after issuance of the loan commitment. Loan commitments are defined to be derivatives under GAAP and are recognized at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in their fair values recorded in current earnings.

The Company estimates the fair value of a loan commitment based on the change in estimated fair value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted MBS prices, estimates of the fair value of mortgage servicing rights, and an estimate of the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the commitment. The change in fair value of the underlying mortgage loan is measured from the date the loan commitment is issued. Following issuance, the value of a mortgage loan commitment can be either positive or negative depending upon the change in value of the underlying mortgage loans. Fallout rates and other factors from the Company’s recent historical data are used to estimate the quantity and value of mortgage loans that will be funded within the terms of the commitments.

*Impaired Mortgage Loans Held for Investment:*The Company believes that the fair value of these nonperforming loans will approximate the unpaid principal balance expected to be recovered based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. For residential and commercial properties, the collateral value is estimated by obtaining an independent appraisal. The appraisal typically considers comparable sales in the area, property condition, and potential rental income that could be generated (particularly for commercial properties). For residential construction loans, the collateral is typically incomplete, so the fair value is estimated as the replacement cost using data from a provider of building cost information to the real estate construction.

Impaired Real Estate Held for Investment: Fair value is generally determined by obtaining an independent appraisal, which typically considers area comparable properties and property conditions. The Company believes that in an orderly market, fair value approximates the replacement cost of a home and will list for sale any foreclosed properties. In a disorderly market, the Company believes the highest and best use of the properties is as income producing assets and will hold the properties as rental properties, matching the income from the investment in rental properties with the funds required for estimated future policy benefits. Accordingly, in addition to an appraisal, the determination of fair value will generally be weighed more heavily toward the rental analysis.

It should be noted that for replacement cost, when determining the fair value of real estate held for investment, the Company uses a provider of building cost information to the real estate construction industry. For the investment analysis, the Company uses market data based upon its real estate operation experience and projected the present value of net rental income over seven years. The Company also considers comparable properties in the area and property conditions when determining fair value.

In addition to this analysis performed by the Company, the Company depreciates Real Estate Held for Investment. This depreciation reduces the book value of these properties and lessens the exposure to the Company from further deterioration in real estate values.

Mortgage Servicing Rights: The Company initially recognizes Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”) at their estimated fair values derived from the net cash flows associated with the servicing contracts, where the Company assumes the obligation to service the loan in the sale transaction.

The following tables summarize Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by their classification in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025:

The following tables summarize Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by their classification in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024:

For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

The following table is a summary of changes in the condensed consolidated balance sheet line items measured using level 3 inputs for the three-month period ended September 30, 2025:

The following table is a summary of changes in the condensed consolidated balance sheet line items measured using level 3 inputs for the three-month period ended September 30, 2024:

The following table is a summary of changes in the condensed consolidated balance sheet line items measured using level 3 inputs for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025:

The following table is a summary of changes in the condensed consolidated balance sheet line items measured using level 3 inputs for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024:

The Company did not have any financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2025, or as of December 31, 2024.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value

The Company uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows as of September 30, 2025:

The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows as of December 31, 2024:

The methods, assumptions and significant valuation techniques and inputs used to estimate the fair value of these financial instruments are summarized as follows:

*Mortgage Loans Held for Investment:*The estimated fair value of the Company’s mortgage loans held for investment is determined using various methods. The Company’s mortgage loans are grouped into three categories: Residential, Residential Construction, and Commercial. When estimating the expected future cash flows, it is assumed that all loans will be held to maturity, and any loans that are non-performing are evaluated individually for impairment.

Residential – The estimated fair value is determined through a combination of discounted cash flows (estimating expected future cash flows of payments and discounting them using current interest rates from single-family mortgages) and considering pricing of similar loans that were sold recently.

Residential Construction – These loans primarily have short term maturities. Accordingly, the estimated fair value is determined to be the carrying value.

Commercial – The estimated fair value is determined by estimating expected future cash flows of payments and discounting them using current interest rates for commercial mortgages.

Policy Loans: These loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the underlying policy. Accordingly, the carrying amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet approximates their fair values.

Insurance Assignments, Net: These investments primarily have short term maturities. Accordingly, the carrying amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet approximates their fair values.

Bank and Other Loans Payable: The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet for warehouse lines of credit approximate their fair values due to their relatively short-term maturities and variable interest rates. The estimated fair value for bank loans collateralized by real estate is determined by estimating future cash flows of payments and discounting them using current market rates.

Policyholder Account Balances and Future Policy Benefits-Annuities: Future policy benefit reserves for interest-sensitive insurance products are computed under a retrospective deposit method and represent policy account balances before applicable surrender charges. Policy benefits and claims that are charged to expense include benefit claims incurred in the period of more than related policy account balances. Interest crediting rates for interest-sensitive insurance products ranged from 1.5% to 6.5%. The fair values for these investment-type insurance contracts are estimated based on the present value of liability cash flows. The fair values for the Company’s insurance contracts other than investment-type contracts are not required to be disclosed. However, the fair values of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the Company’s overall management of interest rate risk, such that the Company’s exposure to changing interest rates is minimized through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.

9)Derivative Instruments

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

Loan Commitments

The Company is exposed to price risk due to the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the values of loan commitments from the time a loan commitment is made to an applicant to the time the loan that would result from the exercise of that loan commitment is funded. Managing price risk is complicated by the fact that the ultimate percentage of loan commitments that will be exercised (i.e., the number of loans that will be funded) fluctuates. The probability that a loan will not be funded, or the loan application is denied or withdrawn within the terms of the commitment is driven by several factors, particularly the change, if any, in mortgage rates following the issuance of the loan commitment.

In general, the probability of funding increases if mortgage rates rise and decreases if mortgage rates fall. This is due primarily to the relative attractiveness of current mortgage rates compared to the applicant’s committed rate. The probability that a loan will not be funded within the terms of the mortgage loan commitment also is influenced by the source of the applications (retail, broker or correspondent channels), proximity to rate lock expiration, purpose for the loan (purchase or refinance), product type and the application approval status. The Company has developed fallout estimates using historical data that consider all the variables, as well as renegotiations of rate and point commitments that tend to occur when mortgage rates fall. These fallout estimates are used to estimate the number of loans that the Company expects to be funded within the terms of the loan commitments and are updated periodically to reflect the most current data.

The Company estimates the fair value of a loan commitment based on the change in estimated fair value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) prices, estimates of the fair value of mortgage servicing rights, and an estimate of the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the commitment net of estimated commission expense. The change in fair value of the underlying mortgage loan is measured from the date the loan commitment is issued and is shown net of related expenses. Following issuance, the value of a loan commitment can be either positive or negative depending upon the change in value of the underlying mortgage loans. Fallout rates and other factors from the Company’s recent historical data are used to estimate the quantity and value of mortgage loans that will be funded within the terms of the commitments.

9)Derivative Instruments (Continued)

Forward Sale Commitments

The Company utilizes forward commitments to economically hedge the price risk associated with its outstanding mortgage loan commitments. A forward commitment protects the Company from losses on sales of the loans arising from the exercise of the loan commitments. Management expects these types of commitments will experience changes in fair value opposite to changes in fair value of the loan commitments, thereby reducing earnings volatility related to the recognition in earnings of changes in the values of the commitments.

The net changes in fair value of loan commitments and forward sale commitments are shown in current earnings as a component of mortgage fee income on the consolidated statements of earnings. Mortgage banking derivatives are shown in other assets and other liabilities and accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table shows the fair value and notional amounts of derivative instruments:

The table below presents the gains (losses) on derivatives. There were no gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income or gains or losses recognized in income on derivatives ineffective portion, or any amounts excluded from effective testing.

10)Reinsurance, Commitments and Contingencies

Reinsurance

The Company follows the procedure of reinsuring risks of more than a specified limit, which ranges from $25,000 to $100,000 on newly issued policies. The Company has also assumed various reinsurance agreements through acquisition of life companies. The Company is ultimately liable for these reinsured amounts in the event such reinsurers are unable to pay their portion of the claims. The Company evaluates the financial condition of reinsurers and monitors the concentration of credit risk. The Company is also a reinsurer of insurance with other companies.

Mortgage Loan Loss Settlements

Future loan losses can be extremely difficult to estimate. However, the Company believes that the Company’s reserve methodology and its current practice of property preservation allow it to estimate its potential losses on loans sold. See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information about the Company’s loan loss reserve.

Debt Covenants for Mortgage Warehouse Lines of Credit

The Company, through its subsidiary SecurityNational Mortgage, has three lines of credit for the purpose of funding mortgage loans-one through U.S. Bank, a second through Western Alliance Bank and a third through JPMorgan Chase Bank.

The U.S. Bank warehouse line of credit agreement allows SecurityNational Mortgage to borrow up to $15,000,000. The relevant agreement contemplates interest at 2.10% plus the greater of (i) 0%, and (ii) the one-month forward-looking term rate based on SOFR on drawn amounts and matures on July 17, 2026. The Company is required to comply with covenants for adjusted tangible net worth, unrestricted cash balance, and a minimum net income of $1 for the quarter.

The Western Alliance Bank warehouse line of credit agreement allows SecurityNational Mortgage to borrow up to $25,000,000. The relevant agreement contemplates interest at the 1-Month SOFR rate plus 2.0% on drawn amounts and matures on August 15, 2026. The Company is required to comply with covenants for adjusted tangible net worth, unrestricted cash balance, and a minimum pre-tax income of $1 for the year.

The JPMorgan Chase Bank warehouse line of credit agreement allows SecurityNational Mortgage to borrow up to $35,000,000. The relevant agreement contemplates interest at the 1-Month SOFR rate plus 1.95% on drawn amounts and matures on August 15, 2026. The Company is required to comply with covenants for adjusted tangible net worth, unrestricted cash balance, and a minimum pre-tax income of $1 for the year.

The agreements for US Bank and JP Morgan Chase Bank warehouse lines of credit include a cross-default provision where certain events of default under other of SecurityNational Mortgage’s obligations constitute events of default under the warehouse lines of credit. As of September 30, 2025, SecurityNational Mortgage was not in compliance with the adjusted tangible net worth covenant of Western Alliance Bank’s warehouse line of credit. SecurityNational Mortgage is in the process of receiving waivers. In the unlikely event the Company is required to repay the outstanding advances of approximately $7,412,571 on the warehouse lines of credit, the Company has sufficient cash to do so. The Company has also performed an analysis of its funding capacities of both internal and external sources and has determined that there are sufficient funds to continue its current business model. The Company continues to negotiate other warehouse lines of credit with other lenders.

Debt Covenants for Revolving Lines of Credit and Bank Loans

The Company’s revolving line of credit agreements contain debt covenants requiring the Company to maintain minimum operating cash flow ratios and minimum net worth requirements for each of its business segments. The Company is also subject to debt covenants under one of its real estate loans which require maintenance of a minimum consolidated operating cash flow ratio, minimum liquidity amounts, and minimum consolidated net worth value. In addition to these financial debt covenants, the Company is required to provide segment specific financial statements and building specific financial statements under the agreements for each of its bank loans. As of September 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all of those debt covenants.

Other Contingencies and Commitments

The Company belongs to a captive insurance group (“the captive group”) for certain casualty insurance, worker compensation and general liability programs. The captive group maintains insurance reserves relative to these programs. The level of exposure from catastrophic events is limited by the purchase of stop-loss and aggregate liability reinsurance coverage. When estimating the insurance liabilities and related reserves, the captive group considers several factors, which include historical claims experience, demographic factors, severity factors and valuations provided by independent third-party actuaries. If actual claims or adverse development of loss reserves occurs and exceed these estimates, additional reserves may be required from the Company and its subsidiaries. The estimation process contains uncertainty since captive insurance management must use judgment to estimate the ultimate cost that will be incurred to settle reported claims and unreported claims for incidents incurred but not reported as of the balance sheet date.

The Company is a defendant in various legal actions arising from the normal conduct of business. The Company believes that none of the actions, if adversely determined, will have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. Based on management’s assessment and legal counsel’s analysis concerning the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes, no amounts have been accrued for the above claims in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is not a party to any other material legal proceedings outside the ordinary course of business or to any other legal proceedings, which, if adversely determined, would have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.

11)Mortgage Servicing Rights

The Company initially records its MSRs at fair value as discussed in Note 8.

After being initially recorded at fair value, MSRs backed by mortgage loans are accounted for using the amortization method. Amortization expense is included in other expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. MSR amortization is determined by amortizing the MSR balance in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying financial assets.

The Company periodically assesses MSRs for impairment. Impairment occurs when the current fair value of the MSR falls below the carrying value (carrying value is the amortized cost reduced by any related valuation allowance). If MSRs are impaired, the impairment is recognized in current-period earnings and the carrying value of the MSRs is adjusted through a valuation allowance.

The Company periodically reviews the various loan strata to determine whether the value of the MSRs in each stratum is impaired and likely to recover. If the Company deems recovery of the value to be unlikely in the foreseeable future, a write-down of the cost of the MSRs for that stratum to its estimated recoverable value is charged to the valuation allowance.

The following table presents the MSR activity:

11)Mortgage Servicing Rights (Continued)

The table below summarizes the Company’s estimate of future amortization of its existing MSRs carried at amortized cost. This projection was developed using the Company’s assumptions in its September 30, 2025, valuation of MSRs. The assumptions used in the following table are likely to change as market conditions, portfolio composition and borrower behavior change, causing both actual and projected amortization levels to change over time.

The Company collected the following contractual servicing fee income and late fee income as reported in other revenues on the condensed consolidated statement of earnings.

The following is a summary of the unpaid principal balances (“UPB”) of the servicing portfolio.

The following key assumptions were used in determining MSR value:

12)Income Taxes

The Company’s overall effective tax rate for the three month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 23.0% and 22.2%, respectively, which resulted in a provision for income taxes of $2,337,926 and $3,383,238, respectively, and for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 22.4% and 22.3%, respectively, which resulted in a provision for income taxes of $5,400,792 and $7,646,071, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate is higher than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to, among other factors, state taxes as offset by certain state income tax benefits, along with certain permanent tax adjustments such as meals and entertainment and stock-based compensation. The increase in the effective tax rate when compared to the prior year was primarily due to certain permanent tax adjustments that, as a ratio of lower pre-tax book income, are higher than when compared to the prior year.

Interim income taxes are based on an estimated annualized effective tax rate applied to the respective quarterly periods, adjusted for discrete tax items in the period in which they occur. Although the Company believes its tax estimates are reasonable, the Company can make no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which it has reflected in its historical income tax provisions and accruals.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes provisions that allow for the immediate expensing of domestic research and development expenses, immediate expensing of certain capital expenditures, and other changes to the U.S. taxation of profits derived from foreign operations. The Company continues to evaluate the impact the new legislation will have on its estimated annual effective tax rate and cash tax position; however, the Company does not expect a material impact to its estimated effective tax rate in 2025.

13)Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The Company reports revenues from contracts with customers pursuant to ASC No. 606,Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Information about Performance Obligations and Contract Balances

The Company’s cemetery and mortuary segment sells a variety of goods and services to customers in both at-need and pre-need situations. Due to the timing of the fulfillment of the obligation, revenue is deferred until that obligation is fulfilled.

The Company’s two types of future obligations are as follows:

Pre-need Merchandise and Service Revenue: All pre-need merchandise and service revenue are deferred, and the funds are placed in trust until the need arises; the merchandise is received, or the service is performed. The trust is then relieved, and the revenue and commissions are recognized. Pre-need contracts are required to be paid in full prior to a customer using a good or service from a pre-need contract. Goods and services from pre-need contracts can be transferred when paid in full from one owner to another. In such cases, the Company will act as an agent in transferring the requested goods and services. The transfer of goods and services does not fulfill the contract and revenue remains deferred.

At-need Specialty Merchandise Revenue: At-need specialty merchandise revenue consists of customizable merchandise ordered from manufacturers such as markers and bases. When specialty merchandise is ordered, it can take time to manufacture and deliver the product. Revenue is deferred until the at-need merchandise is received.

Complete payment does not constitute fulfillment of the contract. Goods or services are deferred until such a time the service is performed, or merchandise is received.

13)Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities are as follows:

The amount of revenue recognized and included in the opening contract liability balance for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 was $1,326,702 and $1,320,688, respectively, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 was $3,650,091 and $4,256,184, respectively.

The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table disaggregates revenue for the Company’s cemetery and mortuary contracts:

14)Receivables

Receivables consist of the following:

The Company records an allowance for credit losses for its receivables in accordance with GAAP.

The following table presents a roll forward of the allowance for credit losses as of the dates indicated:

15)Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments and Obligation and Restricted Assets

Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments and Obligation

State law requires the Company to pay into endowment care trusts a portion of the proceeds from the sale of certain cemetery property interment rights for cemeteries that have established an endowment care trust. These endowment care trusts are defined as Variable Interest Entities pursuant to GAAP. The Company is the primary beneficiary of these trusts, as it absorbs both the losses and any expenses associated with the trusts. The Company has consolidated cemetery endowment care trust investments with a corresponding amount recorded as Cemetery Perpetual Care Obligation in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets*.*

The components of cemetery perpetual care investments and obligation as of September 30, 2025, are as follows:

The components of cemetery perpetual care investments and obligation as of December 31, 2024, are as follows:

Fixed Maturity Securities

The table below summarizes unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities available for sale that were carried at estimated fair value as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. The tables set forth unrealized losses by duration with the fair value of the related fixed maturity securities:

Relevant holdings were comprised of two securities with fair values aggregating 97.5% of the aggregate amortized cost as of September 30, 2025. Relevant holdings were comprised of four securities with fair values aggregating 99.1% of aggregate amortized cost as of December 31, 2024. No credit losses have been recognized for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, since the unrealized losses are primarily the result of increases in interest rates. See Note 3 for additional information regarding the Company’s evaluation of the allowance for credit losses for fixed maturity securities available for sale.

The table below presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities available for sale as of September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Restricted Assets

The Company has also established certain restricted assets to provide for future merchandise and service obligations incurred in connection with its pre-need sales for its cemetery and mortuary segment.

Additionally, restricted cash represents escrows held for borrowers and investors under servicing and appraisal agreements relating to mortgage loans, funds held by warehouse banks in accordance with loan purchase agreements and funds held in escrow for certain real estate construction development projects. Additionally, the Company elected to maintain its medical benefit fund without change from the prior year and has included this amount as a component of restricted cash. These restricted cash items are for the Company’s life insurance and mortgage segments.

Restricted assets as of September 30, 2025, are summarized as follows:

Restricted assets as of December 31, 2024, are summarized as follows:

Fixed Maturity Securities

The table below summarizes unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities available for sale that were carried at estimated fair value as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. The tables set forth unrealized losses by duration with the fair value of the related fixed maturity securities.

Relevant holdings were comprised of four securities with fair values aggregating 98.8% of the aggregate amortized cost as of September 30, 2025. Relevant holdings were comprised of 15 securities with fair values aggregating 99.2% of the aggregate amortized cost as of December 31, 2024. No credit losses have been recognized for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, since the unrealized losses are primarily the result of increases in interest rates. See Note 3 for additional information regarding the Company’s evaluation of the allowance for credit losses for fixed maturity securities available for sale.

The table below presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities available for sale as of September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

See Notes 3 and 8 for additional information regarding restricted assets and cemetery perpetual care trust investments.

16)Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

The following table presents the accumulated balances of other comprehensive income (loss) as of September 30, 2025:

The following table presents the accumulated balances of other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2024: