PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC.

We are dedicated to developing and commercializing proprietary antimicrobial products that address health and environmental challenges related to pathogen and hygienic control. Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain Silver Dihydrogen Citrate, or SDC. This broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent is available in liquid form and various concentrations, distinguished by its superior efficacy, reduced toxicity, non-causticity, and the inability of bacteria to develop resistance.

Our SDC-based disinfecting and sanitizing products are registered with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and Health Canada. In addition to manufacturing and distributing these products, we also supply SDC-based formulations as raw material ingredients for personal care products.

We see significant market opportunities for our safe and effective SDC-based solutions, particularly in the food industry. Our registered offerings include PURE® Hard Surface, a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant designed for restaurant chains, food processors, and transportation companies, as well as PURE Control®, a direct food contact processing aid. Our products are sold directly to end-use customers, as well as third-party distributors who market and sell our products across various industries, maximizing our reach and impact.

Technology Platform

Silver as an Antimicrobial

Our patented molecule, SDC, represents one of the first significant advancements in antimicrobials in decades. SDC is an electrolytically generated source of stabilized ionic silver, making it a versatile foundation for a variety of products across diverse markets. Colorless, odorless, tasteless and non-caustic, the aqueous SDC formulates well with other compounds. We produce and market pre-formulated, ready-to-use product, as well as varying strengths of SDC concentrate as an additive or raw material for inclusion in other products.

Stability

SDC is a stabilized silver ion complex with a shelf life of several years. The unique bond between the silver ion in SDC allows the silver ion to remain in solution while at the same time making it more bio-available for antimicrobial action.

Mode of Action

SDC kills microorganisms by two modes of action: 1) the silver ion deactivates structural and metabolic membrane proteins leading to microbial death; and 2) the microbes view SDC as a food source, allowing the silver ion to enter the microbe. Once inside the organism, the silver ion denatures the deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, which halts the microbe’s ability to replicate and leads to its death. This dual action makes SDC highly and quickly effective against a broad spectrum of microbes.

Safety and Toxicity Categories

SDC is non-toxic, non-caustic, colorless, odorless, tasteless and does not produce toxic fumes. While SDC is highly toxic to bacteria, fungi and viruses it is non-toxic to humans and animals. Based on the EPA toxicity categorization of antimicrobial products at use dilutions, that range from Category I (high toxicity) down to Category IV (no/low toxicity), SDC is rated in the lowest toxicity category, Category IV, while traditional disinfectants fall into Categories I and II.

The following table shows the EPA toxicity categories and required signal words.

PURE® Hard Surface is a Category IV product for which no signal words are required.

Limitations of Existing Food Safety Solutions

The United States, or U.S., food industry continues to rely on the use of toxic chemicals as processing aids or interventions during food processing operations for which pathogens are becoming increasingly resistant and rendering current interventions less efficacious. Most of these chemicals carry various warning labels for their toxic and/or caustic characteristics, which can negatively affect the safety of processing plant personnel, plant operating equipment and the plant environment and its surroundings.

Currently used chemicals in food processing include peracetic acid, acidified sodium chlorite, ozone, and chlorine dioxide. Some of these chemicals can be difficult to work with as a processing aid as they require heating to become effective or are difficult to mix and stabilize prior to use. Some of these chemicals damage the food being processed, leading to reduced yields and their effectiveness is often limited to specific pathogens or foods. Additionally, some of these chemicals can produce noxious fumes that over time have been linked to upper respiratory illness and typically require in-plant decontamination of their effluence.

Natural and Environmentally Responsible

SDC is made of simple and all-natural ingredients: water, citric acid and minute amounts of ionic silver. SDC does not present a threat to the environment. If introduced to wastewater systems, the low concentrations of ionic silver in SDC would react with naturally present substances such as chlorides, sulfides and organic matter. These reactions would create insoluble silver complexes and render the silver inert. In addition, SDC is manufactured through a “zero waste” process in which no byproducts or environmental effluent are created.

Business Strategy

Our goal is to establish a sustainable company by commercializing SDC-based products developed through our proprietary technology platform. We aim to deliver leading antimicrobial solutions that tackle food safety risks across the entire food industry supply chain. Our products are sold directly to end-use customers and through our expanding distribution network. Key elements of our business strategy include:

In addition to our existing food safety products, we plan to leverage our technology platform through licensing and distribution collaborations to create new products and explore additional markets, aiming to generate multiple revenue streams.

Our Products

PURE® Hard Surface Disinfectant and Sanitizer (Ready to Use)

PURE Hard Surface is our SDC-based, patented, and EPA-registered ready-to-use hard surface disinfectant and food contact surface sanitizer. Combining high efficacy with low toxicity, it achieves bacterial and viral kill times in as few as 30 seconds. The product effectively kills resistant pathogens such as MRSA and NDM-1, as well as dangerous fungi and viruses including SARS Co-V-2, HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Norovirus, Influenza A, Avian Influenza, and H1N1. Additionally, it eradicates hazardous food pathogens like E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria, all while being classified as least-toxic by the EPA.

Formulated for ease of use, PURE Hard Surface contains no bleach, ammonia, phosphates, phenols, or Volatile Organic Compound-emitting compounds, and features an odorless, non-caustic, and non-irritating formula that enhances user experience. Sanitizing and disinfecting is straightforward, as there is no requirement to rinse the surface after application. For facilities utilizing PURE’s application systems, one gallon of PURE Hard Surface can cover up to 40,000 cubic feet, effectively reducing the risk of cross-contamination from treated surfaces. The product also ensures a rapid disinfectant kill time of 30 to 120 seconds for bacteria and viruses, with no personal protective equipment, or PPE required.

PURE Hard Surface SDC3A Registration

The EPA registration for SDC3A, marketed as PURE Hard Surface, includes the following efficacy claims:

PURE Control®

PURE Control® has been approved by the FDA for poultry processing, Food Contact Notification, or FCN 1768 and produce processing FCN 1600. Leveraging the superior efficacy and safety of SDC, PURE Control effectively eliminates pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria. For produce, PURE Control quickly reduces pathogens on treated items, minimizes the risk of cross-contamination, enhances subsequent intervention steps and does not affect the texture, taste, or color of the produce. For poultry, PURE Control has no effect on organoleptic or nutritional composition, demonstrates superior efficacy with up to a 6 log reduction in Salmonella on treated products, and has no impact on yield. No label declaration is required for PURE Control application on produce or poultry. In addition, the use of PURE Control improves worker safety due to its odorless and non-toxic nature.

Additional SDC-Based Products

In addition to PURE Hard Surface and PURE Control, we manufacture and sell (i) SDC-based products for end use, (ii) products preserved with SDC, and (iii) SDC as a raw material ingredient for manufacturing use. These products include:

PURE® Multi-Purpose Hi-Foam Cleaner Concentrate (End-User Dilutable)

PURE® Multi-Purpose Hi-Foam Cleaner Concentrate is an environmentally friendly, professional-grade cleaning product that features a high foaming formulation. It is safe for both users and the environment, being free from toxic preservatives, EDTA, phosphates, ammonia, bleach, Volatile Organic Compounds, or VOCs, and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates. The concentrate is designed for multiple dilution ratios and can be used on a variety of surfaces, including stainless steel, floors, walls, and painted areas.

This economical cleaner produces long-lasting, high-density foam that rinses easily without leaving a residue. It complements PURE® Hard Surface disinfectant and is suitable for food processing facilities and commercial kitchens. The product is enhanced with SDC, our non-toxic antimicrobial that ensures safety and quality while being non-corrosive and non-irritating. It effectively cleans food and non-food contact surfaces, including processing equipment and various other surfaces like glass, mirrors, sealed marble, and wood.

PURE® Multi-Purpose and Floor Cleaner

PURE® Multi-Purpose and Floor Cleaner is designed to complement the effectiveness of PURE® Hard Surface disinfectant and food contact surface sanitizer, making it suitable for sanitation in food processing plants, commercial kitchens, healthcare facilities, schools, and hospitality settings where high foam is not desirable.

This economical concentrate is easy to use manually or in floor scrubbers and rinses off without leaving a residue. It can be diluted to meet various cleaning needs. The cleaner is non-toxic and environmentally friendly, free from EDTA, phosphates, ammonia, bleach, and VOCs. Additionally, it contains SDC, our non-toxic antimicrobial that ensures safety and quality without harmful preservatives.

SILVÉRION®(Raw Material Ingredient)

SILVÉRION is our patented SDC-based antimicrobial formulation for use as a raw material ingredient in the manufacturing of personal care products. It can be used as either an active ingredient or a preservative. SILVÉRION is a colorless, odorless and stable solution that provides ionic silver in a water-soluble form. It provides fast acting efficacy at low concentrations against a broad-spectrum of bacteria, viruses, yeast and molds. SILVÉRION is currently sold domestically and outside of the United States in various personal care products.

Industries we serve

Food processing – Harvesting equipment, grow barns and processing facilities

We understand that no two facilities are alike, therefore, we work with distribution partners and end-use customers to solve their unique needs related to contamination prevention and control. Our products offer specialized industry solutions that can effectively reduce food processing risks while optimizing operational efficiency.

Our patented SDC molecule enables us to create powerful products without harsh chemicals like bleach, ammonia, or VOCs, making them safe for use in food processing facilities without the need for specialized personal protective equipment. Our non-corrosive surface products are designed to protect equipment and machinery and can be applied to both food and non-food contact surfaces, including processing equipment, spiral freezers, belts, conveyors, walls, floors, drains, and piping systems. Our SDC molecule provides added protection against corrosion and staining, ensuring food processing plants remain clean and compliant. Additionally, our products are designed to optimize resource use by reducing water consumption, minimizing waste, conserving time and labor, and limiting the introduction of harsh chemicals into the environment.

Products for the food processing industry – PURE Hard Surface, PURE Multi-Purpose Cleaner, PURE Hi-Foam Cleaner and PURE Control

Food service and hospitality – Restaurants, quick-serve restaurants, hotels and supermarkets

The use of PURE Hard Surface has demonstrated dramatic improvement in sanitation compared to traditional quaternary ammonia based sanitizers in a variety of food service operations. In-store field testing of PURE Hard Surface on critical food contact areas resulted in an impressive 96% improvement in efficacy - leading to a significant reduction in food safety risk. Employees consistently expressed preference for PURE Hard Surface’s attributes including its ease of use, odorless scent, and lack of skin irritation.

Products for food service and hospitality – PURE Hard Surface and PURE Multi-Purpose Cleaner

Healthcare – Hospitals, assisted living facilities and clinics

PURE Hard Surface meets Occupational Safety & Health Administration blood-borne pathogen guidelines, kills multiple drug-resistant organisms, and is ideal for use as a disinfectant in multiple healthcare settings.

Products for healthcare - PURE Hard Surface, PURE Multi-Purpose Cleaner and PURE Hi-Foam Cleaner

Facility care - Childcare, education, office and commercial buildings

We recognize that proper facility care is paramount, especially in daycares, schools, gyms, and office spaces. Our SDC-based products make cleaning and sanitizing quick and easy, so customers can be sure their facilities are meeting the highest safety standards. By partnering with our customers, we offer customizable implementation plans to support their contamination prevention program.

Products for facility care – PURE Hard Surface, PURE Multi-Purpose & Floor Cleaner

Transportation – Ground, rail, air and water

In conjunction with our application system partner, we have developed a simple, time-efficient solution to transport sanitization using PURE Hard Surface. Our Pure Transport Sanitization System offers full coverage sanitation for motor and rail vehicle application. Each refrigeration unit and air ducting is treated with every use, ensuring comprehensive cleanliness without adding water to the transport container. This system significantly reduces trailer downtime, taking only minutes instead of hours, and can provide up to a 5 log pathogen reduction, making it highly effective. Additionally, the system is non-corrosive, odorless, and non-caustic, requiring no pre-mixing before use or post-rinsing, even on food contact surfaces. Our system ensures full coverage for all motor and rail vehicles, and is in compliance with the new Food Safety Modernization Act, rule.

Products for transportation - PURE Hard Surface, and PURE Hi-Foam Cleaner

Personal care – SDC use in manufacturing of personal care products

Our patented SDC-based technology, SILVÉRION® 2400, is an effective preservative and versatile antimicrobial solution. It combats a wide range of microorganisms without the use of parabens, formaldehyde, halogens, or quats, making it suitable for a vast array of personal care applications.

*Products for personal care -*SILVÉRION 2400

Intellectual Property

We actively protect our technology, inventions, and improvements through patents, trademarks, and trade secrets. We currently hold twelve U.S. patents. We intend to focus our future patent prosecution and defense efforts primarily to North America, Europe, Asia and Mexico.

Although we believe that we have developed our technology independently and have not infringed, and do not infringe, on the patents of others, third parties may make claims that our technology does infringe on their patents or other intellectual property. In the event of infringement, we may, under certain circumstances, be required to modify our infringing product or process or obtain a license. We may not be able to do either of those things in a timely manner if at all, and failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, we may not have the financial or other resources necessary to enforce a patent infringement or proprietary rights violation action or to defend ourselves against such actions brought by others. If any of the products we develop infringe upon the patent or proprietary rights of others, we could, under certain circumstances, be enjoined or become liable for damages, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. We also use confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements to safeguard proprietary information but recognizes the risk of breaches or inadequacies in these agreements.

Additionally, the Company holds registered trademarks for several brands, including PURE Bioscience®, PURE®, SILVÉRION®, Powered by SDC Ag+® and PURE Control®. Some previously held trademarks have been abandoned as they no longer align with the Company’s strategy.

Research and Development

We prioritize innovation as a key element of our business strategy and long-term success. We aim to leverage our technology platform to create additional proprietary products and applications, including both end-use products and raw material formulations. Most research and development activities are conducted in-house, complemented by independent testing from third-party laboratories. We also collaborate with development partners who invest in specific product and process research using our SDC technology.

Sales and Marketing

A critical aspect of our business strategy is to leverage the industry experience of our internal sales force, the members of our Board of Directors, or Board, and our management team in order to maximize the commercial potential of our technology platform in the food industry. We are also working in tandem with numerous distribution partners to service existing customers and secure new customers.

Additionally, we plan to form selective partnerships with industry leaders to enhance product commercialization both domestically and internationally, leveraging partners’ resources for broader market reach. We believe our SDC-based products offer superior pathogen control compared to traditional chemical solutions, which often have higher toxicity.

Sales Concentration

Net product sales were $2,198,000 and $1,955,000 for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase of $243,000 was attributable to increased sales across our end-user network servicing the food processing industry. Our top three customers accounted for $787,000 of net product sales for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2025. For the year ended July 31, 2025, one customer accounted for 18% of our net product sales. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. There were no foreign sales during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2025.

From time to time, one or a small number of our customers may represent a significant percentage of our revenue. Our largest customer accounted for 18% of our revenue for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2025. Although we have agreements with many of our customers, these agreements typically do not prohibit customers from purchasing products and services from competitors. A decision by any of our major customers to significantly reduce the amount of product ordered or license fees paid, or their failure or inability to pay amounts owed to us in a timely manner, or at all, could have a significant adverse effect on our business.

Competition

Since SDC is a novel antimicrobial technology, our success hinges on gaining market share from established products. Even if SDC demonstrates technological advantages, substantial investments are needed to displace traditional technologies offered by well-known industry leaders.

Moreover, SDC-based products, particularly those with higher silver ion concentrations, are generally more expensive to produce than existing chemicals, which may deter customers from purchasing them, despite their superior efficacy. Customers may also find that the benefits of SDC products (such as being non-toxic and non-caustic) are insufficient to justify the higher costs compared to lower-priced alternatives.

Government Regulation

Our business is subject to various government regulations relating to the protection of public health and the environment. Among these are laws that regulate the manufacture, storage, distribution and labeling of our products, as well as the use, handling, storage and disposal of certain materials in the manufacturing of our products.

Requirements Imposed by the EPA and Similar State Agencies

We manufacture and sell in the U.S. certain disinfecting products that kill or reduce microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi). The manufacture, labeling, handling and use of these products are regulated by the EPA under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, or FIFRA. We currently sell three products registered by the EPA under FIFRA, certain of which are approved for use on food contact surfaces and others of which are approved for use on non-food contact hard surfaces. EPA product registration requires meeting certain efficacy, toxicity and labeling requirements and paying ongoing registration fees.

Although states do not generally impose substantive requirements different from those of the U.S. EPA, each state in which our products are sold requires registration and payment of a fee. California and certain other states have adopted additional regulatory programs applicable to these types of products that, in some cases, impose a fee on total product sales in the state.

Based on our experience and our knowledge of current trends, we expect the costs and delays in receiving necessary federal and state approvals for these types of products may increase in the coming years.

Requirements Imposed by Ingredient Legislation

Numerous federal, state and local laws regulate the sale of products containing certain identified ingredients that may impact human health and the environment. For instance, California has enacted Proposition 65, which requires the disclosure of specified listed ingredient chemicals on the labels of products. Although none of the ingredients in our current products are reportable under Proposition 65, this and other similar legislation may become more comprehensive in the future and/or new products we may develop could be subject to these regulations.

Requirements Imposed by Other Environmental Laws

A number of federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws govern the use, handling, storage and disposal of certain materials. Our current manufacturing process for SDC-based products is a “zero waste” process, meaning that no byproducts are created, and we do not use hazardous materials, as defined by applicable environmental laws, in the manufacturing of these products. As such, some of these U.S. environmental laws are not generally applicable to us in their current form. However, these laws may in the future identify, as hazardous materials certain materials that we use in our manufacturing processes, or we may opt to or be forced to change our manufacturing procedures in a way that subjects our products or operations to these laws.

Requirements Imposed by the U.S. FDA and USDA

Various laws and regulations have been enacted by federal, state, local and foreign jurisdictions regulating certain products we manufacture and sell for controlling microbial growth in or on foods. In the United States, these requirements generally are administered by the FDA. However, the USDA and EPA also may share in regulatory jurisdiction of antimicrobials applied directly to food as it pertains to poultry and meats.

Regulation Outside the United States

The commercialization of SDC-based products in countries other than the U.S. may require that we, or companies with whom we partner for such foreign commercialization, obtain necessary approvals from foreign regulatory authorities comparable to the EPA, FDA and USDA, among others. Applicable approval processes and ongoing requirements vary from country to country and may involve more time and expense than that required to obtain approvals in the U.S. In international markets, we currently sell our products under active registrations held by us, or by our distributors. We intend to continue to process registrations ourselves or through distributors as required.

We currently hold a registration from Health Canada for our disinfectant product. We also have received a Letter of No Objection from Health Canada for our antimicrobial food processing aid on fruits and vegetables intended for processing. Additionally, an opinion has been granted under the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products to sell SDC in the European Union for use in cosmetics, which includes personal care products.

Human Capital

As of October 29, 2025, we have 11 full-time employees and 1 part-time employee. We believe we have successfully attracted skilled and experienced talent; however, the competition for qualified personnel is fierce, and we cannot guarantee our ability to retain or attract them in the future. None of our employees are part of collective bargaining agreements, and we maintain positive relations with our team. We are committed to fostering a culture that promotes the values, behaviors, and attributes essential for advancing our business and executing our strategy.

Company Information

We were incorporated in the state of California in August 1992 as Innovative Medical Services. In September 2003, we changed our name to PURE Bioscience. In March 2011, we reincorporated in the state of Delaware under the name “PURE Bioscience, Inc.”

Our mailing address is 771 Jamacha Road, #512, El Cajon, California 92019. Our executive officers and employees work remotely in a “virtual office” setting without lease obligations. Our telephone number is (619) 596-8600. Our website address is www.purebio.com. We make available free of charge on our website our periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with the SEC. Information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not part of this report or our other filings with the SEC. Our SEC filings are also available to the public from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.