Massimo Group

NOTE 1 —ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

Massimo Group (the “Company”), is a holding company established on October 10, 2022 under the laws of the State of Nevada. The Company, through its subsidiaries, is primarily engaged in the manufacturing and sales of a wide selection of farm and ranch tested utility terrain vehicles (“UTVs”), recreational all-terrain vehicles (“ATVs”), and pontoon and tritoon boats (“Pontoon Boats”). On April 4, 2024, the Company closed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 1,300,000 shares of its common stock at an IPO price of $4.50 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5.85 million from the offering (Note 15). In connection with the offering, the Company’s common shares began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “MAMO.” Mr. David Shan, the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), is the controlling shareholder (the “controlling shareholder”) of the Company and owns 77.6% equity interest of Massimo Group as of September 30, 2024.

Reorganization

On June 1, 2023, the two shareholders transferred their 100% equity interest in Massimo Motor Sports, LLC (“Massimo Motor Sports”) and 100% equity interest in Massimo Marine, LLC (“Massimo Marine”) to Massimo Group (the “Reorganization”). After this Reorganization, Massimo Group ultimately owns 100% equity interests of Massimo Motor Sports and Massimo Marine.

Before and after the Reorganization, the Company, together with its subsidiaries, is effectively controlled by the same controlling shareholders, and therefore the Reorganization is considered as a recapitalization of entities under common control in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805-50-25. The consolidation of the Company and its subsidiaries have been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-5.

Details of the Company and its subsidiaries are set out below upon the Reorganization:

On June 1, 2023, the Company entered into two agreements with Asian International Securities Exchange Co., Ltd. (“AISE”) and AISE agreed to invest $1 million to Massimo Motor Sports and $1 million to Massimo Marine to exchange their 15% of equity interest respectively. After Reorganization, the 15% of equity interest in Massimo Motor Marine and Massimo Marine owned by AISE have been exchanged to 15% of equity interest in Massimo Group.

NOTE 2 —SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments which are considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of September 30, 2024, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year ending December 31, 2024 or any other period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of the Company and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 15, 2024.

Uses of estimates and assumptions

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant accounting estimates required to be made by management include allowance for inventories, allowance for credit losses, sales return liabilities, warranty costs and the assessment and the disclosure of contingency liabilities. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and its estimates on historical experience, current and expected future conditions and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances based on the information available to management at the time these estimates and assumptions are made. Actual results and outcomes may differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, the balances with banks and the liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains all its bank accounts in the United States, maximum amounts of $751,585 and $435,457 are insured by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable represent trade receivable and are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently adjusted for any allowance for expected credit loss. The Company grants credit to customers, without collateral, under normal payment terms. The Company uses a loss rate method to estimate the allowance for credit losses. The Company evaluates the expected credit loss of accounts receivable based on customer financial condition and historical collection information adjusted for current market economic conditions and forecasts of future economic performance when appropriate. Loss-rate approach is based on the historical loss rates and expectations of future conditions. The Company writes off potentially uncollectible accounts receivable against the allowance for credit losses if it is determined that the amounts will not be collected.

Inventories, net

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first-in, first out (FIFO) method. Costs include the cost of raw materials, freight and duty. Any excess of the cost over the net realizable value of each item of inventories is recognized as a provision for diminution in the value of inventories. Net realizable value is estimated using selling price in the normal course of business less any costs to complete and sell products. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had inventory provision of $329,900 and $439,900, included in inventories, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. Reversal of impairment provision of inventories were $110,000, $110,000, $nil and $nil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, included in cost of revenues in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

Advances to suppliers

Advance to suppliers consists of balances paid to suppliers for purchasing of products, parts and accessories that have not been provided or received. Advances to suppliers are short-term in nature and are reviewed periodically to determine whether their carrying value has become impaired. The Company evaluated the carrying value of individual advances based on specifics facts and circumstances for any impairment at each reporting date. For the three-month period and nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded the impairment loss of $29,883, $772,780, $nil and $nil respectively on its advances to suppliers in connection of an expected settlement between the Company and one supplier in September 2024.

Deferred offering cost

Deferred offering costs were expenses directly related to the Company’s planned IPO. These costs consisted of legal, accounting, printing, and filing fees that the Company capitalized, including fees incurred by the independent registered public accounting firm directly related to the offering. The deferred offering costs are reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon receipts of the capital raised at IPO closing date.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided in amounts sufficient to amortize the cost of the related assets over their useful lives using the straight-line method, as follows:

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gains or losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount and are recognized within “other income (expense)” in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Leases

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02—Leases (Topic 842) since January 1, 2020, using a modified retrospective transition method permitted under ASU No. 2018-11. This transition approach provides a method for recording existing leases only at the date of adoption and does not require previously reported balances to be adjusted. The Company evaluates the contracts it enters into to determine whether such contracts contain leases. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. At commencement, contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease where the Company is a lessee.

Operating Leases

For operating leases, the Company measures its lease liabilities based on the present value of the total lease payments not yet paid discounted based on the more readily determinable of the rate implicit in the lease or its incremental borrowing rate, which is the estimated rate the Company would be required to pay for a collateralized borrowing equal to the total lease payments over the term of the lease. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The Company measures right-of-use (“ROU”) assets based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, and initial direct costs it incurs under the lease. The Company begins recognizing lease expense when the lessor makes the underlying asset available to the Company.

Lease cost for operating leases includes the amortization of the ROU asset and interest expense related to the operating lease liability. For leases with lease term less than one year (short-term leases), the Company records operating lease expense in its consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term and record variable lease payments as incurred.

Finance Leases

Lease cost for finance leases where the Company is the lessee includes the amortization of the ROU asset, which is amortized on a straight-line basis and recorded to “Depreciation of right-of-use finance asset” and interest expense on the finance lease liability, which is calculated using the interest method and recorded to “Interest expense, net.” Finance lease ROU assets are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the respective leases, including periods covered by renewal options that the Company is reasonably certain of exercising.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, primarily consist of property and equipment, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Company had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Company evaluates the impairment by comparing the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. No impairment charge was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Fair value of financial instruments

ASC 825-10 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Unless otherwise disclosed, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, note receivable which was grouped in other current assets, loan from a related party, accounts payable, other payable, accrued expense and other liabilities, contract liabilities, approximates their recorded values due to their short-term maturities. The Company determined that the carrying value of the lease liabilities approximated their fair value as the interest rates used to discount the contracts approximate market rates. The Company noted no transfers between levels during any of the periods presented. The Company did not have any instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring nor non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Revenue recognition

The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following steps:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract

Step 3: Determine the transaction price

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

The Company’s revenue is generated primarily by sales of UTVs, ATVs electric bikes (“e-bikes”), and Pontoon Boats. Revenue represented the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for promised goods. Revenue is recorded when performance obligations are considered to be satisfied when control is transferred to our customers upon goods delivered to customers and acceptance by customers.

Sales returns

The Company provides a refund policy to accept returns from end customers, which varies and depends on different products and customers. The estimated sales returns are determined based upon an analysis of historical sales returns. Return allowances are recorded as a reduction in sales with corresponding sales return liabilities which are included in “accrued return liabilities.” The estimated cost of returned inventory is recorded as a reduction to cost of sales and an increase of right of return assets which is included in “inventories.” The factors affecting the Company’s sales return liabilities include the number of products currently within the return period, historical and anticipated rates of sales returns claimed on those products, and the estimated amount of returns that may be claimed within this period. If actual results differ from the estimates, the Company revises its estimated sales returns liability accordingly. Each quarter, the Company reviews and reassesses the adequacy of its recorded sales returns liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $163,666 and $283,276 of sales return liabilities associated with estimated product returns were recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively. During the three-month period ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded sales returns of $317,188 and $223,428 respectively. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded sales returns of $824,978 and $1,975,270 respectively.

Products warranty

The Company generally provides a one-year limited warranty against defects in materials related to the sale of products. The Company considers the warranty as an assurance type warranty since the warranty provides the customers the assurance that the product complies with agreed-upon specifications. Estimated future warranty obligations are included in cost of product sales in the period in which the related revenue is recognized. The factors affecting the Company’s warranty include the number of products currently under warranty, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claim on those products, and the estimates of repair and replacement costs to satisfy the Company’s warranty obligation. The anticipated rate of warranty claims is the primary estimate used in determining the warranty liability and is relatively predictable using historical experience of failure rates. The average remaining aggregate warranty period of the products sold is calculated, repair parts are generally already in stock or available at pre-determined prices, and labor rates are generally arranged at pre-established amount with service providers. If actual results differ from the estimates, the Company revises its estimated warranty liability. Each quarter, the Company reevaluates its estimates and assess the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjust the amounts as necessary. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $608,644 and $619,113 of product warranty were recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively. During the three-month period ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded warranty expenses of $234,314 and $576,602, respectively. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded warranty expenses of $1,102,494 and $1,521,902, respectively.

Contract liabilities

The contract liabilities of the Company are primarily related to advances received from customer. The contract liabilities are reported in a net position on a customer-by-customer basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract liabilities are recognized when the Company receives prepayment from customers resulting from purchase order. Contract liabilities will be recognized as revenue when the products are delivered. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company records contract liabilities of $1,167,161 and $1,835,411, respectively, which will be recognized as revenue upon delivery of the products sold. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the amounts transferred from contract liabilities to revenue at the beginning of the fiscal period were $1,160,167 and $696,274, respectively.

Disaggregation of revenues

The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts by products, as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company’s disaggregation of revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is disclosed in Note 19 of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues includes all of the costs and expenses directly related to the production of goods and services included in revenues. Cost of revenues primarily consists of cost of products, freight and duty allocated and warehouse related overhead, such as salaries and benefits, rent, warehouse supplies and depreciation expenses.

The freights and duty costs incurred when shipping raw materials from suppliers to the Company are included in cost of revenues, amounting to $2,406,336 and $1,599,110 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The freights and duty costs incurred when shipping raw materials from suppliers to the Company are included in cost of revenues, amounting to $8,582,277 and $6,758,360 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Shipping and handling costs

Shipping and handling costs, which include costs related to the selection of products and their delivery to customers, are presented in selling expenses. The shipping and freight expense incurred upon goods delivery to customers are included in selling expenses, amounting to $1,500,947 and $694,912 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The shipping and freight expense incurred upon goods delivery to customers are included in selling expenses, amounting to $4,562,815 and $3,130,474 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Advertising costs

The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs presented in selling expenses were $95,509 and $$363,189 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Advertising costs presented in selling expenses were $499,274 and $825,852 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

401(k) benefit plan

The 401(k) benefit plan covers substantially all employees and allows voluntary employee contributions up to the annually adjusted Internal Revenue Service dollar limit. These voluntary contributions are matched equal to 100% of the employee’s compensation contributed and not to exceed 4% of the total eligible compensation. The employees’ voluntary contributions and the Company’s matching contributions are 100% vested immediately. The Company adopted the 401(k) benefit plan from March 2022.

Income taxes

Before the Reorganization, the Company elected to be taxed as an S Corporation for federal and state income tax purposes. As an S Corporation, the Company is not subject to federal income tax and state tax in Texas. As such, shareholders are taxed on their pro rata share of earnings and deductions of the Company, regardless of the amount of distributions received. After the Reorganization, the Company is subjected to U.S. federal income tax at 21% and the margin tax in the state of Texas.

Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Income taxes (continued)

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic No. 740, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

Significant judgment is also required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain income tax positions and provisions for income taxes. Liabilities for uncertain income tax positions are recognized based on a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate whether an income tax position has met the recognition threshold by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. The second step is to measure the income tax position that has met the recognition threshold as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The Company continually assesses the likelihood and amount of potential adjustments and adjusts the income tax provisions, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes in the period in which the facts that give rise to a revision become known. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions as interest expense.

Earnings per share

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share” (“ASC 260”). ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 , a total ofnil and 142,186 unvested Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”) were included in the computation of weighted average number of common shares for the calculation of diluted EPS. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there wereno dilutive shares.

Stock Based compensation

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation” (“ASC 260”), which establishes the accounting for employee share-based awards. For employee share-based awards, stock based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense with graded vesting on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

Segment reporting

The Company follows ASC 280, “Segment Reporting*.*” The Company’s Chief Executive Officer or chief operating decision-maker reviews the consolidated financial results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company as a whole and hence, the Company has onlyone reportable segment. The Company operates and manages its business as a single segment. As the Company’s long-lived assets are all located in the United States and substantially all the Company’s revenues are derived from within the United States, no geographical segments are presented.

***Concentration and risks ***

a. Concentration of credit risk

Assets that potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other receivable included in other current assets. The maximum exposure of such assets to credit risk is their carrying amounts at the balance sheet dates. The Company maintains all the bank accounts at financial institutions in the United States, where there is $250,000 standard deposit insurance coverage limit per depositor, per FDIC-insured bank and per ownership category. As of September 30, 2024, balances of two banks in Massimo Motor Sports exceeded the insured limits by $145,456 and $826,741, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, balances of one bank in Massimo Motor Sports exceeded the insured limits by $330,357.

To limit the exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Company primarily places cash deposits with large financial institutions in the United States. The Company conducts credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral or other security from them. The Company establishes an accounting policy to provide for current expected credit losses based on the individual customer’s financial condition, credit history, and the current economic conditions.

b. Foreign Exchange Risk

Most of our raw materials are imported from China. The value of the Chinese Yuan against the U.S. dollar is affected by the changes in China and United States economic conditions. We do not believe that we currently have any significant direct foreign exchange risk and have not used any derivative financial instruments to hedge exposure to such risk.

c. Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates. Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest rates from our lessors and our borrowings with banks. The shareholder loans bear no interest. Our leasing obligations’ interest rates are fixed at the commencement date of the leases. We have not been exposed to material risks due to the fact that our borrowing from the bank is not significant. And we have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will not be exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rate in the future.

d. Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk arises through the excess of financial obligations over available financial assets due at any point in time. Our objective in managing liquidity risk is to maintain sufficient readily available reserves in order to meet our liquidity requirements at any point in time. We achieve this by maintaining sufficient cash and banking facilities.

e. Significant customers

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, oneand one customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, oneand one customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, two and one customers accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable, respectively.

Concentration and risks(continued)

f. Significant suppliers

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, twoand two suppliers each accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, twoand two suppliers each accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, four and three suppliers each accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total accounts payable, respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued.

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act provides that an emerging growth company (“EGC”) as defined therein can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an EGC to delay adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has adopted the extended transition period.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity,” which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. This ASU also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity-linked contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and it simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. The new standard will become effective for us beginning January 1, 2024, using either a modified retrospective or a fully retrospective method of transition, and early adoption is permitted. Management is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on our financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (Topic 280). This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss. This ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Adoption of the ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is also permitted. This ASU will likely result in us including the additional required disclosures when adopted. Management is currently evaluating the provisions of this ASU and expect to adopt them for the year ending December 31, 2024.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income tax paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, once adopted.

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, statements of income and comprehensive income and statements of cash flows.

NOTE 3 —ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable consist of the following:

The Company recorded a reversal of allowance for credit loss of $27,779 and $174,231 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded an allowance for credit loss of $223,051 and a reversal of allowance for credit loss $118,144 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company wrote off uncollectible accounts receivable of $64,584 and $64,584 against allowance for credit loss account for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company wrote off uncollectible accounts receivable of $420,967 and $420,967 in general and administrative expense from customer for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

The movement of allowance for credit loss are as follow:

The Company’s accounts receivable balances as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are pledged for its line of credit facility at Midfirst Bank and Cathay Bank (See Note 12).

NOTE 4 — INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following:

A reversal of impairment provision of inventories recorded for lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments were $110,000, $110,000, $nil and $nil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The inventories which are pledged for the Company’s line of credit facility at Cathay Bank/Midfirst Bank are $24,741,508 and $19,961,227 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (See Note 12).

NOTE 5 —ADVANCE TO SUPPLIERS

Advance to suppliers consist of the following:

An impairment loss allowance of advances to suppliers of $29,883, $772,780, $nil and $nil impairment loss allowance of advances to suppliers was recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

In June 2024, we reached a tentative agreement regarding general settlement terms with one supplier who would use approximately $312,500 to resolve the claim. Therefore, we wrote off the approximate $773,000 of prepayment to the supplier, reducing it from $1.1 million to $312,500 and reclassified the remaining balance of $312,500 to other current assets on condensed consolidated balance sheet during nine months ended September 30, 2024 (Note 6). The settlement agreement was finalized in August 2024, and relative payment was received in October 2024. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had no impairment loss of advance to suppliers.

NOTE 6 —OTHER NON-CURRENT AND CURRENT ASSETS

Other current assets consist of the following:

NOTE 7 —PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net, consist of the following:

Depreciation expense was $31,127 and $39,473 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense was $98,111 and $109,765 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

There was an addition of $82,312 and $44,210 on property and equipment during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was an addition of $424,164 and $68,871 on property and equipment during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was no disposal of property and during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was a disposal of property and equipment with the net book value of $126,000 and $nilwith realized gain on the disposition of $36,001 and $nilduring the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

No impairment was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

NOTE 8 —LEASES

On August 1, 2018, the Company signed a lease agreement with Miller Creek Holding LLC, a related party owned by the controlling shareholder, to rent the warehouse and office space of total 220,000 square feet for monthly rent of $40,000 used for its operation. The lease expired on July 31, 2021 and was further renewed for another three years and expired on July 31, 2024 with monthly rent of $60,000. On August 1, 2024, the lease was further renewed for another five years and expired on July 31, 2029 with monthly rent of $145,750. On April 29, 2023, the Company signed another lease agreement with Miller Creek Holding LLC, a related party owned by the controlling shareholder, to rent the warehouse and office space of total 66,000 square feet for monthly rent of $35,000 used for its operation. The lease expires on April 30, 2026. On May 1, 2024, the Company signed another two lease agreements with Miller Creek Holding LLC, a related party owned by the controller shareholder, to rent additional warehouse and office space of 60,000 square feet and 30,000 square feet for monthly rent of $33,000 and $16,500 used for its operation, respectively. The leases will expire on August 31, 2029. The Company also had multiple lease agreements for machinery, office equipment and vehicles. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Total operating lease expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $624,232 and $311,192, respectively. Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets amounted to $471,350 and $272,580 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Total operating lease expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $1,342,402 and $793,577, respectively. Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets amounted to $1,110,979 and $698,336 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Total accretion of finance lease liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $1,116 and $2,219, respectively. Amortization of finance lease right-of-use assets amounted to $10,379 and $10,380 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Total accretion of finance lease liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $3,672 and $5,610, respectively. Amortization of finance lease right-of-use assets amounted to $31,139 and $31,733 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating and financing leases was as follows:

Operating leases

Financing leases

NOTE 8 —LEASES (continued)

The following table includes supplemental cash flow and non-cash information related to leases:

The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for all of operating lease and finance leases were as follows:

The following is a schedule of maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024:

Operating leases

Finance leases

NOTE 9 —ACCRUED RETURN LIABILITIES

The following table shows changes in the Company’s accrued return:

NOTE 10 —ACCRUED WARRANTY EXPENSES

The following table shows changes in the Company’s accrued warranties and related costs:

NOTE 11 —OTHER PAYABLE, ACCRUED EXPENSE AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITY

The following table shows breakdown of Company’s other payable, accrued expense and other current liabilities:

NOTE 12 —LOANS

Loan balance consists of the following:

NOTE 13 —RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The relationship of related parties is summarized as follow:

NOTE 13 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS(continued)

(a) Loan from a related party

Loan from a related party consists of the following:

On January 3, 2024, the Company entered into an unsecured loan agreement with Mr. David Shan, the Chairman of the Board and CEO, to change the payment term from due on demand to due on January 3, 2029. This unsecured loan was required by MidFirst Bank when the Company renewed the line of credit on January 3, 2024. On May 13, 2024, the line of credit with MdFirst Bank was closed and the Company obtained a new line of credit with Cathay Bank, which did not have no such requirement. As a result, the Company made repayment totaling $1,503,616 towards this loan during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Company intends to continue repayments over of the loan from Mr. Shan for the next twelve months. Consequently, the outstanding balance has been reclassified from non-current liabilities to current liabilities as of September 30, 2024.

(b) Loan guarantee provided by related parties

In connection with the Company’s bank borrowing, Mr. David Shan, the controlling shareholder, Miller Creek Holdings LLC and Massimo Group, the holding company of Massimo Motor provided unlimited guarantee to the Company’s loan (See Note 12).

NOTE 14 —TAXES

Corporate Income Taxes

Massimo Motor and Massimo Marine both terminated their status as a Subchapter S Corporation as of June 1, 2023, in connection with the Reorganization and became a taxable C Corporation. Prior to that date, as an S Corporation, the Company had no U.S. federal income tax expense. As such, any periods prior to June 1, 2023 will only reflect a margin tax for the state of Texas and corresponding tax expense. As a C Corporation, the Company combined effective tax rate for federal income taxes of 21% and state margin tax.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not have an accrued liability for uncertain tax positions and does not anticipate recognition of any significant liabilities for uncertain tax positions during the next 12 months. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, no amounts were incurred for income tax uncertainties or interest and penalties. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals, or material deviation from its position. The Company’s tax years since its formation remain subject to possible income tax examination by its major taxing authorities for all periods. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are 19.9% and 22.3% respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are 23.8% and 20.0% respectively.

The provision for income tax consists of the following:

The following table reconciles the statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective tax:

NOTE 14 — TAXES(continued)

Corporate Income Taxes (continued)

The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following:

NOTE 15 —SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Shares

Massimo Group is a company that was established on October 10, 2022 under the laws of the State of Nevada. Based on the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the authorized number of common stock was 100,000,000 shares of common stock with par value of $0.001, and 40,000,000 common shares were issued on June 1, 2023. The authorized number of preferred stock was 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with par value of $0.01, andno preferred shares were issued. All share information included in these consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted for the Reorganization as if such reduce par value and common shares issuance occurred on the first day of the first period presented. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 , the Company issued 6,750 and 1,329,235 shares of its common stock with par value of $0.001.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023,41,329,235 and 40,000,000 common shares were outstanding, respectively, with par value of $0.001.

NOTE 15 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(continued)

Initial Public Offering

On April 4, 2024, the Company closed its IPO of 1,300,000 shares of its common stock at an IPO price of $4.50 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5.85 million from the offering. The total net proceeds to the Company from the IPO, after deducting discounts, expense allowance, and expenses, were approximately $5.0 million. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, dated as of April 1, 2024, by and between Craft Capital Management LLC (the “Representative”) and the Company (the “Underwriting Agreement”), the underwriters had an overallotment option, exercisable for 45 days by May 19, 2024, to purchase up to an additional 195,000 shares from the Company at the offering price less of $4.50 the underwriting discount and commissions to cover over-allotments. As of the reporting date, all representative options have expired without exercise.

Common Shares Issued for Service

On June 18, 2024, the Company signed a consulting agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”) with TJCM Asset Management LLC (“TJCM”) to provide strategic consulting and financial advisory services to the Company for twelve months from June 18, 2024. As partial of consideration for the services, TJCM is entitled to receive shares of the Company’s common stock equivalent to a value of $160,000 calculated by the valuation price defined as average closing price of the Company’s shares of common stock for the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the effective date of the Consulting Agreement. On June 21, 2024, the Company issued 22,485 shares of common stock to TJCM as the prepayment of $80,000 on the services to be provided. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, $40,000 and $40,000 has been recorded as expenses, respectively.

Representative’s Warrants

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company issued to the Representative and its designee warrants (the “Representative’s Warrants”) to purchase 87,100 shares of common stock. The Representative’s Warrants are exercisable at a per share exercise price equal to $5.625 and are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the period commencing on October 4, 2024 and terminating on April 4, 2029. Neither the Representative’s Warrants nor any of the shares issued upon exercise of the Representative’s Warrants may be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities by any person, for a period of six months immediately following the commencement of sales of the offering.

Management determined that these warrants meet the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815-40 because they are indexed to their own shares and meet the requirements for equity classification. The warrants were recorded at their fair value on the date of grant as a component of shareholders’ equity. The fair value of these warrants was $220,000, which was considered a direct cost of IPO and included in additional paid-in capital. The fair value has been estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: market value of underlying share of $4.00, risk free rate of 4.3%, expected term offive years; exercise price of the warrants of $5.625, volatility of 89%; and expected future dividends ofnil.

As of September 30, 2024,87,100 warrants in connection with IPO funding was outstanding, with an exercise price of $5.63 and remaining life of 4.51 years.

NOTE 16 —EARNINGS PER SHARE

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the effect of potential shares of common stock from the unexercised options, unexercised warrants, and unvested Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”) are included in the computation of diluted net earnings per share. As a result, a total of 142,186 unvested RSU were included in the computation of weighted average number of common shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and the computation of diluted loss per share does not assume the exercise of the Company’s outstanding unvested RSU impact due to loss position for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company has no stock options, warrants or RSU issued and no impact on diluted earnings per share.

The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per share:

NOTE 17 —EMPLOYEE STOCK PLANS

Equity Incentive Plans

On May 22, 2024, the Company’s Board approved the 2024 Equity Inventive Plan (“2024 Plan”) and Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) Award Agreements. The 2024 Plan and RSUs Adward Agreement authorized the award of stock options, RSUs to employees and directors. As of September 30, 2024 , approximately 300,556 RSUs were granted,1,000 RSUs were forfeited and 6,750 RSUs were exercised under the 2024 Plan.

The Company recorded $256,345, $426,666, $nil and $nil stock-based compensation expense in connection with RSUs for three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table summarized the Company’s RSU activity:

Options

On May 22, 2024, the Company signed a stock option agreement with Mr. David Shan, the Chief Executive Officer and two other executives of the Company, in connection with the 2024 Plan.

As part of the compensation, the Company agrees to grant Mr. Shan options to purchase up to 46,860 common shares under Incentive Stock Option (“ISO”) plan, at an exercise price of $4.268 per share. The options were granted on May 22, 2024, and the options vest at a rate of 23,430 per year for two years, effective on May 22, 2024. The aggregate fair value of the options granted to Mr. Shan was $73,000. The fair value has been estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: market value of underlying common shares at time of grant of $3.88; risk free rate of 5.0% and 4.65%; expected term of 5 years; exercise price of the options of $4.268; volatility of 88.8%; and expected future dividends of $nil. These options will expire on May 21, 2029.

The Company also granted Mr. Shan options to purchase up to 103,140 common shares, at an exercise price of $4.0 per share under Nonqualified Stock Option (“NSO”) plan. The options were granted on May 22, 2024, and vest at a rate of 51,570 shares per year for two years, effective on May 22, 2024. The aggregate fair value of the options granted to Mr. Shan was $160,000. The fair value has been estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: market value of underlying common shares at time of grant of $3.88; risk free rate of 5.0% and 4.65%; expected term of 10 years; exercise price of the options of $4.0; volatility of 88.8%; and expected future dividends of $nil. These options will expire on May 21, 2034.

The Company also granted two executives options to purchase up to 200,000 common shares, at an exercise price of $4.0 per share under ISO and NSO plans. The options were granted on May 22, 2024, and vest at a rate of 100,000 shares per year for two years, effective on May 22, 2024. The aggregate fair value of the options granted to these two executives was $272,000. The fair value has been estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: market value of underlying common shares of $3.88; risk free rate of 5.0% and 4.65%; expected term of 10 years; exercise price of the options of $4.0; volatility of 88.8%; and expected future dividends of $nil. These options will expire on May 21, 2034.

The Company recorded $71,754, $131,699, $nil and $nil stock-based compensation expense in connection with options for three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table summarized the Company’s share option activity:

NOTE 18 —COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Contingencies

The Company may be involved in certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes arising from the commercial operations, which, in general, are subject to uncertainties and in which the outcomes are not predictable. The Company determines whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. Although the Company can give no assurances about the resolution of pending claims, litigation or other disputes and the effect such outcomes may have on the Company, the Company believes that any ultimate liability resulting from the outcome of such proceedings, to the extent not otherwise provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets or results of operations or liquidity as at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, except the one discussed below.

Litigation

On July 8, 2024, the Company received a final judgment from the trial court in the lawsuit filed by Taizhou Nebula Power Co, Ltd. (“Nebula”) on September 15, 2020. The final judgment awarded Nebula $3,334,542 in damages, $1,436,809 in attorneys’ fees and other court costs, and $1,146,169 in interest on balances from September 15, 2020. In connection with this judgment, the Company recorded an additional accrual of $3,573,651 as of September 30, 2024, bringing the total accrual related to this lawsuit to approximately $5.9 million. The Company filed an appeal in August 2024.

NOTE 19 —SEGMENT REPORTING

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, and is identified on the basis of the internal financial reports that are provided to and regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in order to allocate resources and assess performance of the segment.

Management of the Company concludes that it has onlyone reporting segment. The Company is primarily engaged in the business of manufacturing and sales of a wide selection of farm and ranch tested UTVs, recreational ATVs, and Pontoon Boats.

The Company’s CEO reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company, rather than by product types or geographic area; hence the Company concluded it has only one reporting segment.

The following table presents sales by product categories for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

NOTE 20 —SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after September 30, 2024 up through the date the Company issued these condensed consolidated financial statements, and unless disclosed below, there are not any material subsequent events that require disclosure in these condensed consolidated financial statements.