Cocrystal Pharma Inc

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023

1. Organization and Business

Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. (“we”, the “Company” or “Cocrystal”), a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company incorporated in Delaware, has been developing novel technologies and approaches to create first-in-class or best-in-class antiviral drug candidates. Our focus is to pursue the development and commercialization of broad-spectrum antiviral drug candidates that will transform the treatment and prophylaxis of viral diseases in humans. By concentrating our research and development efforts on viral replication inhibitors, we plan to leverage our infrastructure and expertise in these areas.

The Company’s activities since inception have principally consisted of acquiring product and technology rights, raising capital, and performing research and development. Successful completion of the Company’s development programs, obtaining regulatory approvals of its products and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations is dependent on future events, including, among other things, its ability to access potential markets, secure financing, develop a customer base, attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel, and develop strategic alliances. Through June 30, 2024, the Company has primarily funded its operations through equity offerings.

Liquidity

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred net losses and negative operating cash flows since inception. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded a net loss of approximately $9,299,000 and used approximately $8,202,000 of cash in operating activities.

On June 30, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $18,143,000. We believe that our current resources will be sufficient to fund our operations beyond the next 12 months. This estimate is based, in part, upon our currently projected expenditures.

The Company’s activities since inception have principally consisted of acquiring product and technology rights, raising capital, and performing research and development. Successful completion of the Company’s development programs, obtaining regulatory approvals of its products and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations is dependent on future events, including, among other things, its ability to access potential markets, secure financing, develop a customer base, attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel, and develop strategic alliances. Through June 30, 2024, the Company has primarily funded its operations through equity offerings.

The Company will need to continue obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. The Company can give no assurances that the additional capital it is able to raise, if any, will be sufficient to meet its needs, or that any such financing will be obtainable on acceptable terms. Our future cash requirements, and the timing of those requirements, will depend on a number of factors, including economic conditions, the approval and success of our products in development, the continued progress of research and development of our product candidates, the timing and outcome of clinical trials and regulatory approvals, the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending, and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights, the status of competitive products, the availability of financing, our success in developing markets for our product candidates and legal proceedings that may arise. We have historically not generated sustained positive cash flow and if we are not able to secure additional funding when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our clinical trials or research and development programs. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, it could be forced to cease operations or substantially curtail its drug development activities. The Company expects to continue incurring substantial operating losses and negative cash flows from operations over the next several years during its pre-clinical and clinical development phases.

2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). They do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the entire fiscal year. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed on March 28, 2024 (“Annual Report”).

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Cocrystal Discovery, Inc., Cocrystal Pharma Australia Pty Ltd. (“Cocrystal Australia”), RFS Pharma, LLC and Cocrystal Merger Sub, Inc. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Cocrystal Discovery, Inc. conducts all of the Company’s research and development activities and oversees ongoing clinical trials conducted by others. Cocrystal Australia operates clinical trials in Australia. The other two subsidiaries are inactive.

Segments

The Company operates in onlyone segment. Management uses cash flows as the primary measure to manage its business and does not segment its business for internal reporting or decision-making.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformance with U.S. GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to the valuation of equity awards and warrant liabilities, recoverability of deferred tax assets, estimated tax credit receivable and estimated useful lives of fixed assets. The Company bases estimates and assumptions on historical experience, when available, and on various factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis, and its actual results may differ from estimates made under different assumptions or conditions.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash deposited in accounts held at two U.S. financial institutions, which may, at times, exceed federally insured limits of $250,000 for each institution where accounts are held. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our primary operating accounts held approximately $7,536,000 and $16,322,000, respectively, and our collateral account balance was $75,000 and $75,000 at a different institution. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risks thereof.

Foreign Currency Transactions

The Company and its subsidiaries use the U.S. dollar as functional currency. Foreign currency transactions are initially measured and recorded in the functional currency using the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from settlement of foreign currency transactions are recognized in profit and loss.

Cocrystal Australia maintains its records in Australian dollars. The monetary assets and liabilities of Cocrystal Australia are remeasured into the functional currency using the closing rate at the end of every reporting period. All nonmonetary assets and liabilities and related profit and loss accounts are remeasured into the functional currency using the historical exchange rates. Profit and loss accounts, other than those that are remeasured using the historical exchange rates, are remeasured into the functional currency using the average exchange rate for the period. Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from the remeasurement into the functional currency is recognized in profit and loss.

Fair Value Measurements

FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under U.S. GAAP and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined under ASC 820 as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — other significant observable inputs for the assets or liabilities through corroboration with market data at the measurement date.

Level 3 — significant unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use to price the assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, other current assets, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The carrying values of leases payable approximate their fair values due to the fact that the interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company regularly reviews the carrying value and estimated lives of its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, to determine whether indicators of impairment may exist which warrant adjustments to carrying values or estimated useful lives. The determinants used for this evaluation include management’s estimate of the asset’s ability to generate positive income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods as well as the strategic significance of the assets to the Company’s business objective. Should an impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured based on the excess of the carrying amount over the asset’s fair value.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs consist primarily of fees paid to consultants and outside service providers, and other expenses relating to the acquisition, design, development and testing of the Company’s clinical products. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs are presented net of tax credits.

The Company’s Australian subsidiary is entitled to receive government assistance in the form of refundable and non-refundable research and development tax credits (“Refundable Tax Credits”) from the federal and provincial taxation authorities, based on qualifying expenditures incurred during the fiscal year. The Refundable Tax Credits are from the provincial taxation authorities and are not dependent on its ongoing tax status or tax position and accordingly are not considered part of income taxes. The Company records Refundable Tax Credits as a reduction of research and development expenses when the Company can reasonably estimate the amounts and it is more likely than not, they will be received. As of December 31, 2023, balance of Refundable Tax Credits was approximately $786,000. The Company estimated and accrued Refundable Tax Credits for the six months ended June 30, 2024 of approximately $264,000, resulting in a total balance of Refundable Tax Credits receivable of approximately $1,050,000 as of the period then ended.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future taxable income. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized based on the weight of available evidence, including expected future earnings. The Company recognizes an uncertain tax position in its financial statements when it concludes that a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based solely on its technical merits. Only after a tax position passes the first step of recognition will measurement be required. Under the measurement step, the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon effective settlement. This is determined on a cumulative probability basis. The full impact of any change in recognition or measurement is reflected in the period in which such change occurs. The Company elects to accrue any interest or penalties related to income taxes as part of its income tax expense.

As of June 30, 2024, the Company assessed its income tax expense based on its projected future taxable income for the year ending December 31, 2024 and therefore recordedno amount for income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024. In addition, the Company has significant deferred tax assets available to offset income tax expense due to net operating loss carry forwards which are currently subject to a full valuation allowance based on the Company’s assessment of future taxable income. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for more information.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense using a fair value-based method for costs related to stock-based payments, including stock options. The fair value of options awarded to employees is measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis.

Use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of subjective assumptions including expected volatility, expected term, and a risk-free interest rate. The Company estimates volatility using a blend of its own historical stock price volatility as well as that of market comparable entities since the Company’s common stock has limited trading history and limited observable volatility of its own. The expected term of the options is estimated by using the SEC Staff Bulletin No. 107’sSimplified Method for Estimate Expected Term. The risk-free interest rate is estimated using comparable published federal funds rates.

Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Other Derivative Financial Instruments

We classify as equity any contracts that require physical settlement or net-share settlement or provide us a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in our own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) provided that such contracts are indexed to our own stock as defined in ASC 815-40,Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. We classify as assets or liabilities any contracts that require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside our control) or give the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). We assess classification of our common stock purchase warrants and other freestanding derivatives at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between assets and liabilities is required.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

The Company accounts for and discloses net income (loss) per common share in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260,Earnings Per Share. Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares that would have been outstanding during the period assuming the issuance of common stock for all potential dilutive common shares outstanding. Potential common shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants and the conversion of convertible notes payable.

The following table sets forth the number of potential common shares excluded from the calculations of net loss per diluted share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Authoritative guidance issued by the FASB (including technical corrections to the ASC), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the SEC did not, or are not expected to, have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the underlying assets (three tofive years) using the straight-line method. As of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, property and equipment consists of (table in thousands):

Total depreciation and amortization expense were approximately $68,000 and $96,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, which includes amortization expense of $0 and $7,164 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to assets under finance lease. For additional finance leases information, refer to Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies.

4. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands) as of:

Accounts payable and accrued other expenses contain unpaid general and administrative expenses and costs related to research and development that have been billed and estimated unbilled, respectively, as of period-end.

5. Common Stock and Preferred Stock

As of June 30, 2024, the Company has authorized 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share.

On June 27, 2024, the Company, following approval of the Company’s stockholders at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed an amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Amendment”) to decrease the number of shares of authorized capital stock of the Company from 155,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of 150,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, to 101,000,000 shares of capital stock consisting of 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The Amendment became effective on June 27, 2024.

The Company had 10,174,000 shares of common stock andno shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023.

The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held.

6. Stock Based Awards

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company adopted an equity incentive plan in 2015 (the “2015 Plan”) under which 833,333 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance to employees, and non-employee directors and consultants of the Company. Recipients of incentive stock options granted under the 2015 Plan shall be eligible to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to no less than the estimated fair market value of such stock on the date of grant. The maximum term of options granted under the 2015 Plan isten years. On June 16, 2021, the Company’s stockholders voted to approve an amendment to the 2015 Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2015 Plan from 416,667 to 833,333 shares. As of June 30, 2024,278,000 shares remain available for future grants under the 2015 Plan.

The following table summarizes stock option transactions for the 2015 Plan, collectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

The Company accounts for share-based awards to employees and nonemployee directors and consultants in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation., and under the recently issued guidance following FASB’s pronouncement, ASU 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under ASC 718, and applicable updates adopted, share-based awards are valued at fair value on the date of grant and that fair value is recognized over the requisite service, or vesting, period. The Company values its equity awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and accounts for forfeitures when they occur. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, equity-based compensation expense recorded was approximately 148,000 and $179,000 and $305,000 and $241,000, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024, there was approximately $402,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.9 years. For options granted and outstanding, there were 555,000 options outstanding which were fully vested or expected to vest, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $0, a weighted average exercise price of $10.40 and weighted average remaining contractual term of 7.7 years at June 30, 2024. For vested and exercisable options, outstanding shares totaled 307,000, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $0. These options had a weighted average exercise price of $16.33 per share and a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 6.8 years at June 30, 2024.

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable options at June 30, 2024 was calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on June 30, 2024 of $2.33 per share less the exercise price of the options. The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated based on the positive difference between the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock and the exercise price of the underlying options.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

The following table presents information concerning common stock available for future issuance (in thousands) as of:

7. Warrants

The following is a summary of activity in the number of warrants classified as liabilities outstanding to purchase the Company’s common stock for the six months ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

8. Licenses and Collaborations

Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.

On January 2, 2019, the Company entered into an Exclusive License and Research Collaboration Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”) with Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC (“Merck”) to discover and develop certain proprietary influenza A/B antiviral agents. Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, Merck funded research and development for the program, including clinical development, and was responsible for worldwide commercialization of any products derived from the collaboration. Under the Collaboration Agreement Cocrystal was eligible to receive payments related to designated development, regulatory and sales milestones with the potential to earn up to $156,000,000, as well as royalties on product sales. The Collaboration Agreement provided that Merck may terminate the Collaboration Agreement at any time prior to the first commercial sale of the first product developed under the Collaboration Agreement, in its sole discretion, without cause.

On December 15, 2023, the Company received written notice from Merck of Merck’s election to terminate the Collaboration Agreement. The termination of the Collaboration Agreement took effect on March 14, 2024. According to Merck’s termination notice, Merck determined there were no existing conditions to continue the collaboration. The termination resulted from the inability to develop the compounds to meet a specific aspect of Merck’s program. The pending patent applications on compounds covered by the Collaboration Agreement and previously filed by Merck on behalf of both companies remain in place.

Kansas State University Research Foundation

Cocrystal entered into two License Agreement with Kansas State University Research Foundation (the “Foundation”) on February 18, 2020 to further develop certain proprietary broad-spectrum antiviral compounds for the treatment of norovirus and coronavirus infections.

On February 28, 2024, the Company provided notice to the Foundation of the Company’s election to terminate the 2020 License Agreements. The terminations, which were made due to the Company’s determination that further development efforts under the License Agreements would be futile, took effect on March 29, 2024.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into non-cancellable leases to purchase equipment and for its facilities, including related party leases (see Note 10 – Transactions with Related Parties). Leases are accounted for as operating leases or finance leases, in accordance with ASC 842,Leases.

Operating Leases

The Company leases office space in Miami, Florida and research and development laboratory space in Bothell, Washington under operating leases that expire on August 31, 2024 and January 31, 2029, respectively. For operating leases, the weighted average discount rate is 6.0% and the weighted average remaining lease term is 5.9 years.

The following table summarizes the Company’s maturities of operating lease liabilities, by year and in aggregate, as of June 30, 2024 (table in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024, the total operating lease liability of $251,000 is classified as a current operating lease liability.

The operating lease liabilities summarized above do not include variable common area maintenance (the “CAM”) charges, which are contractual liabilities under the Company’s Bothell, Washington lease. CAM charges for the Bothell, Washington facility are calculated annually based on actual common expenses for the building incurred by the lessor and proportionately billed to tenants based on leased square footage. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, approximately $95,000 and $54,000 of CAM was included in general and administrative operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations, respectively.

The minimum lease payments above include the amounts that would be paid if the Company maintains its Bothell lease for the five-year term, starting February 2024.

On September 1, 2021, the Company entered into a three-year lease extension with a limited liability company controlled by Dr. Phillip Frost, a director and a principal stockholder of the Company. On an annualized basis, straight-line rent expense is approximately $62,000, including fixed and estimable fees and taxes. The Company intends to renew the lease following expiration in 2024.

On September 21, 2023, the Company amended the lease agreement with a North Creek Tec LLC, to expand its laboratory facility in Bothell – WA, with additional 6,000 sq ft for a period of 5 years that expires on January 31, 2029, with monthly lease payments under this lease totaling $660,000. In addition, the Company amended the lease agreement to extend the original laboratory facility for an additional 7 years with monthly lease payments under this lease totaling $1,498,000. Through January 2031, the minimum lease payment combined totals approximately $380,000 annually.

For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, operating lease expense, excluding short-term leases, finance leases and CAM charges, totaled approximately $189,000 and $116,000, respectively, of which $31,000 and $26,000 for each period was to a related party.

Finance Leases

In April 2020, the Company entered into lease agreements to acquire lab equipment with 36 monthly payments of $2,000 payable through March 31, 2023. The final payment under the lease agreement was made in March 2023 and the title of the equipment has transferred title to the Company.

The leased lab equipment is depreciable over five years and is presented net of accumulated depreciation on the condensed consolidated balance sheets under property and equipment. As of December 31, 2023, total right-of-use assets lab equipment exchanged for finance lease liabilities was $162,000 and accumulated depreciation for lab equipment under finance leases was $162,000. The remaining lab equipment under the finance lease terminated on March 31, 2023, and due to the leased equipment’s remaining 25 months of useful life, it was transferred to fixed assets at book value of $32,000 and continues to depreciate.

Phase 2a Clinical Trial

On August 3, 2022 the Company engaged hVIVO, a subsidiary of London-based Open Orphan plc (AIM: ORPH), a rapidly growing specialist contract research organization (“CRO”), to conduct a Phase 2a clinical trial with the Company’s novel, broad-spectrum, orally administered antiviral influenza candidate. The Company prepaid a reservation fee of $1.7 million upon execution of the agreement. As of June 30, 2024 the Company expensed $1.7 million leavingno balance in prepaid and other expenses. In addition, the Company incurred additional costs of $1.7 million on this agreement during the six months ending June 30, 2024.

The total estimated cost of the agreement (including the reservation fee) is approximately $6.9 million.

On May 21, 2024, the Company entered into a new agreement with hVIVO, as a follow-on to CPI-CST-001 Influenza virus challenge study, in which potential resistance to CC-42344 antiviral compound will be genotypically characterized. The Company incurred $45,000 on this agreement for three months ended June 30, 2024. The total estimated cost of this agreement is approximately $227,000.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is a party to, or otherwise involved in, legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. As of the date of this report, except as described below, the Company is not aware of any proceedings, threatened or pending, against it which, if determined adversely, would have a material effect on its business, results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

10. Transactions with Related Parties

On September 1, 2021, the Company entered into athree-year lease extension with a limited liability company controlled by Dr. Phillip Frost, a director and a principal stockholder of the Company. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, rent expense was approximately $31,000 for each period, including fixed and estimable fees and taxes. The Company intends to renew the lease following expiration in 2024.

On April 4, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with two accredited investors (the “Purchasers”) whereby the Purchasers agreed to purchase a total of 2,030,458 shares of unregistered common stock at a price of $1.97 per share for a total purchase price of $4,000,000 in two equal $2,000,000 investments. The Purchasers were an entity controlled by a director and another investor who subsequently joined the Company’s Board of Directors.