STAG Industrial Inc

1. Organization and Description of Business

STAG Industrial, Inc. (the “Company”) is an industrial real estate operating company focused on the acquisition, ownership, and operation of industrial properties in the United States. The Company was formed as a Maryland corporation and has elected to be treated and intends to continue to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT, commonly called an UPREIT, and owns all of its properties and conducts substantially all of its business through its operating partnership, STAG Industrial Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company owned a 97.9% and 97.9%, respectively, of the common units of the limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership. The Company is the sole member of the general partner of the Operating Partnership. As used herein, the “Company” refers to STAG Industrial, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership, except where context otherwise requires.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 569 industrial buildings in 41 states with approximately 112.3 million rentable square feet (square feet unaudited herein and throughout the Notes).

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries. Interests in the Operating Partnership not owned by the Company are referred to as “Noncontrolling Common Units.” These Noncontrolling Common Units are held by other limited partners in the form of common units (“Other Common Units”) and long-term incentive plan units (“LTIP units”) issued pursuant to the STAG Industrial, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “2011 Plan”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation of entities. The financial statements of the Company are presented on a consolidated basis for all periods presented.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Rental Property and Deferred Leasing Intangibles

Rental property is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Significant renovations and betterments that extend the economic useful lives of assets are capitalized.

The Company capitalizes costs directly and indirectly related to the development, pre-development, redevelopment, or improvement of rental property. Real estate taxes, compensation costs of development personnel, insurance, interest, and other directly related costs during construction periods are capitalized as incurred, with depreciation commencing on the date the property is substantially completed. Such costs begin to be capitalized to the development projects from the point the Company is undergoing the necessary activities to get the development project ready for its intended use and cease when the development projects are substantially completed and held available for occupancy. Interest is capitalized based on actual capital expenditures from the period when development or redevelopment commences until the asset is ready for its intended use, at the weighted average borrowing rate of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness during the period.

For properties classified as held for sale, the Company ceases depreciating and amortizing the rental property and values the rental property at the lower of depreciated and amortized cost or fair value less costs to dispose. The Company presents those properties classified as held for sale with any qualifying assets and liabilities associated with those properties as held for sale in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Using information available at the time of acquisition, the Company allocates the purchase price of properties acquired based upon the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which generally consist of land, buildings, tenant improvements, mortgage debt assumed, and deferred leasing intangibles, which includes in-place leases, above market and below market leases, and tenant relationships. The process for determining the allocation to these components requires estimates and assumptions, including rental rates, discount rates and exit capitalization rates, and land value per square foot, as well as available market information, and therefore involves subjective analysis and uncertainty. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. The portion of the purchase price that is allocated to above and below market leases is valued based on the present value of the difference between prevailing market rates and the in-place rates measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease term plus the term of any bargain renewal options. The purchase price is further allocated to in-place lease values and tenant relationships based on the Company’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and its overall relationship with the respective tenant.

The above and below market lease values are amortized into rental income over the remaining lease term. The value of in-place lease intangibles and tenant relationships are amortized over the remaining lease term (and expected renewal period of the respective lease for tenant relationships) as increases to depreciation and amortization expense. The remaining lease terms are adjusted for bargain renewal options or assumed exercises of early termination options, as applicable. If a tenant subsequently terminates its lease, any unamortized portion of above and below market leases is accelerated into rental income and the in-place lease value and tenant relationships are accelerated into depreciation and amortization expense over the shortened lease term.

The purchase price allocated to deferred leasing intangible assets are included in rental property, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the purchase price allocated to deferred leasing intangible liabilities are included in deferred leasing intangibles, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets under the liabilities section.

In determining the fair value of the debt assumed, the Company discounts the spread between the future contractual interest payments and hypothetical future interest payments on mortgage debt based on a current market rate. The associated fair market value debt adjustment is amortized through interest expense over the life of the debt on a basis which approximates the effective interest method.

The Company evaluates the carrying value of all tangible and intangible rental property assets and deferred leasing intangible liabilities (collectively, the “property”) held for use for possible impairment when an event or change in circumstance has occurred that indicates their carrying value may not be recoverable. The evaluation includes estimating and reviewing anticipated future undiscounted cash flows to be derived from the property. If such cash flows are less than the property’s carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent by which the property’s carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Estimating future cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding anticipated hold period, future occupancy, rental rates, capital requirements, and exit capitalization rates that could differ from actual results. The discount rate used to present value the cash flows for determining fair value is also subjective.

Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives.

Fully depreciated or amortized tenant improvements, deferred leasing intangible assets, or deferred leasing intangible liabilities and the associated accumulated depreciation or amortization are written-off. The Company wrote-off fully depreciated or amortized tenant improvements, deferred leasing intangible assets, and deferred leasing intangible liabilities of approximately $3.9 million, $63.0 million, $6.3 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023 and approximately $3.4 million, $53.8 million, $4.9 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Leases

For leases in which the Company is the lessee, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets equal to the present value of the fixed lease payments. In determining the operating right-of-use asset and lease liability for the Company’s operating leases, the Company estimates an appropriate incremental borrowing rate on a fully-collateralized basis for the terms of the leases. The Company utilizes a market-based approach to estimate the incremental borrowing rate for each individual lease. Additionally, since the terms of the Company’s ground leases are significantly longer than the terms of borrowings available to the Company on a fully-collateralized basis, the estimate of this rate requires significant judgment, and considers factors such as yields on outstanding public debt and other market based pricing on longer duration financing instruments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents in United States banking institutions that may exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. While the Company monitors the cash balances in its operating accounts, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail or are subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. To date, the Company has experienced no loss or lack of access to cash in its operating accounts, and mitigates this risk by using nationally recognized banking institutions.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash may include tenant security deposits, cash held in escrow for real estate taxes and capital improvements as required by various mortgage note agreements, and cash held by the Company’s transfer agent for preferred stock dividends, if any, that are distributed subsequent to period end. Restricted cash may also include cash held by qualified intermediaries to facilitate a like-kind exchange of real estate under Section 1031 of the Code.

The following table presents a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets to amounts reported on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Deferred Costs

Deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs include costs incurred in obtaining debt that are capitalized and are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the associated debt liability that is not a line-of-credit arrangement on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements are presented as an asset in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs are amortized through interest expense over the life of the respective loans on a basis which approximates the effective interest method. Any unamortized amounts upon early repayment of debt are written off in the period of repayment as a loss on extinguishment of debt. Fully amortized deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs are written off upon maturity of the underlying debt.

Leasing commissions include commissions and other direct and incremental costs incurred to obtain new tenant leases as well as to renew existing tenant leases, and are presented in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leasing commissions are capitalized and amortized over the terms of the related leases (and bargain renewal terms or assumed exercise of early termination options) using the straight-line method. If a lease terminates prior to the expiration of its initial term, any unamortized costs related to the lease are accelerated into amortization expense. Changes in leasing commissions are presented in the cash flows from operating activities section of the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Goodwill

The excess of the cost of an acquired business over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired (including identified intangible assets) and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill of the Company of approximately $4.9 million represents amounts allocated to the assembled workforce from the acquired management company, and is presented in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s goodwill has an indeterminate life and is not amortized, but is tested for impairment on an annual basis at December 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The Company takes a qualitative approach to consider whether an impairment of goodwill exists prior to quantitatively determining the fair value of the reporting unit in step one of the impairment test. The Company has recordedno impairments to goodwill through December 31, 2023.

Use of Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company records all derivatives on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting, and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

In accordance with fair value measurement guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting arrangements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. Credit risk is the risk of failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the contract. The Company minimizes the credit risk in its derivative financial instruments by entering into transactions with various high-quality counterparties. The Company’s exposure to credit risk at any point is generally limited to amounts recorded as assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, tenant accounts receivable, interest rate swaps, accounts payable, accrued expenses, unsecured credit facility, unsecured term loans, unsecured notes, and mortgage notes. See Note 4 for the fair value of the Company’s indebtedness. See Note 5 for the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps.

The Company adopted fair value measurement provisions for its financial instruments recorded at fair value. The guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

Offering Costs

Underwriting commissions and direct offering costs have been reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in capital on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Equity. Indirect costs associated with equity offerings are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Dividends

Earnings and profits, which determine the taxability of dividends to stockholders, will differ from income reported for financial reporting purposes due to the differences for federal income tax purposes in the treatment of gains on the sale of real property, revenue and expense recognition, and in the estimated useful lives and basis used to compute depreciation. In addition, the Company’s distributions may include a return of capital. To the extent that the Company makes distributions in excess of its current and accumulated earnings and profits, such distributions would generally be considered a return of capital for federal income tax purposes to the extent of the holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares. A return of capital may not be taxable. A return of capital has the effect of reducing the holder’s adjusted tax basis in its investment, which may or may not be taxable to the holder.

The Company paid dividends to holders of the 6.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Series C Preferred Stock”), of approximately $1.3 million ($0.429688 per share) during the year ended December 31, 2021, of which $0.400294 per share was treated as ordinary income for tax purposes, $0.022149 per share was treated as unrecaptured section 1250 capital gain for tax purposes, and $0.007245 per share was treated as other capital gain for income tax purposes.

The following table summarizes the tax treatment of dividends per share of common stock for federal income tax purposes.

(1)The December 2020 monthly common stock dividend of $0.12 per share was partially included in the stockholder’s 2021 tax year in the amount of $0.04833 per share. The December 2021 monthly common stock dividend of $0.120833 per share was included in the stockholder’s 2022 tax year. The December 2022 monthly common stock dividend of $0.121667 per share was included in the stockholder’s 2023 tax year. The December 2023 monthly common stock dividend of $0.1225 per share was partially included in the stockholder’s 2023 tax year in the amount of $0.015845 per share and the remainder will be included in the stockholder’s 2024 tax year.

Revenue Recognition

All current leases are classified as operating leases and rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease (and expected bargain renewal terms or assumed exercise of early termination options) when collectability is reasonably assured. Differences between rental income earned and amounts due under the lease are charged or credited, as applicable, to accrued rental income.

The Company determined that for all leases where the Company is the lessor, that the timing and pattern of transfer of the non-lease components and associated lease components are the same, and that the lease components, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. Accordingly, the Company has made an accounting policy election to recognize the combined component in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842 as rental income on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Rental income recognition commences when the tenant takes possession of or controls the physical use of the leased space and the leased space is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. In order to determine whether the leased space is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, the Company determines whether the Company or the tenant own the tenant improvements. When it is determined that the Company is the owner of the tenant improvements, rental income recognition begins when the tenant takes possession of or controls the physical use of the finished space, which is generally when the Company owned tenant improvements are completed. In instances when it is determined that the tenant is the owner of tenant improvements, rental income recognition begins when the tenant takes possession of or controls the physical use of the leased space.

The Company evaluates its operating leases to determine if it is probable it will collect substantially all of the lessee’s remaining lease payments under the lease term. For those that are not probable of collection, the Company converts to the cash basis of accounting. If the Company subsequently determines that it is probable it will collect substantially all of the lessee’s remaining lease payments under the lease term, the Company will reinstate the accrued rent balance adjusting for the amount related to the period when the lease was accounted for on a cash basis.

When the Company is the owner of tenant improvements or other capital items, the cost to construct the tenant improvements or other capital items, including costs paid for or reimbursed by the tenants, is recorded as capital assets. For these tenant improvements or other capital items, the costs funded by or reimbursed by the tenants are recorded as deferred revenue, which is amortized on a straight-line basis as income over the shorter of the useful life of the capital asset or the term of the related lease.

Early lease termination fees are recorded in rental income on a straight-line basis from the notification date of such termination to the then remaining (not the original) lease term, if any, or upon collection if collection is not reasonably assured.

Gain on the Sales of Rental Property, net

The timing of the derecognition of a rental property and the corresponding recognition of gain on the sales of rental property, net is measured by various criteria related to the terms of the sale transaction and if the Company has lost control of the property and the acquirer has gained control of the property after the transaction. If the derecognition criteria is met, the full gain is recognized.

Incentive and Equity-Based Employee Compensation Plans

The Company grants equity-based compensation awards to its employees and directors in the form of restricted shares of common stock, LTIP units, and performance units. See Notes 6, 7 and 8 for further discussion of restricted shares of common stock, LTIP units, andperformance units, respectively. The Company measures equity-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date and recognizes the expense ratably over the vesting period, and forfeitures are recognized in the period in which they occur.

On January 7, 2021, the Company adopted the STAG Industrial, Inc. Employee Retirement Vesting Program (the “Vesting Program”) to provide supplemental retirement benefits for eligible employees. For those employees who are retirement eligible or will become retirement eligible during the applicable vesting period under the terms of the Vesting Program, the Company accelerates equity-based compensation through the employee’s six-month retirement notification period or retirement eligibility date, respectively.

Related-Party Transactions

The Company didnot have any related-party transactions during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Taxes

Federal Income Taxes

The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2011 and intends to continue to qualify as a REIT. As a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to corporate level federal income tax on the earnings distributed currently to its stockholders that it derives from its REIT qualifying activities. As a REIT, the Company is required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders and meet the various other requirements imposed by the Code relating to such matters as operating results, asset holdings, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership.

The Company will not be required to make distributions with respect to income derived from the activities conducted through subsidiaries that the Company elects to treat as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”) for federal income tax purposes, nor will it have to comply with income, assets, or ownership restrictions inside of the TRS. Certain activities that the Company undertakes must or should be conducted by a TRS, such as performing non-customary services for its tenants and holding assets that it cannot hold directly. A TRS is subject to federal and state income taxes. The Company’s TRS recognized a net income (loss) of approximately $0, $0.1 million and $(8,000), for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which has been included on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

State and Local Income, Excise, and Franchise Tax

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are subject to certain state and local income, excise and franchise taxes. Taxes in the amount of approximately $2.0 million, $2.1 million and $1.7 million have been recorded in other expenses on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Uncertain Tax Positions

Tax benefits of uncertain tax positions are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained based solely on its technical merits, with the taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. The measurement of a tax benefit for an uncertain tax position that meets the “more likely than not” threshold is based on a cumulative probability model under which the largest amount of tax benefit recognized is the amount with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority having full knowledge of all the relevant information. As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there wereno liabilities for uncertain tax positions.

Earnings Per Share

The Company uses the two-class method of computing earnings per common share, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common stock and any participating securities according to dividends declared (whether paid or unpaid) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and any dilutive securities for the period.

Segment Reporting

The Company manages its operations on an aggregated, single segment basis for purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions and, accordingly, has onlyone reporting and operating segment.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of credit risk relevant to the Company may arise when a number of financing arrangements, including revolving credit facilities or derivatives, are entered into with the same lenders or counterparties, and have similar economic features that would cause their inability to meet contractual obligations. The Company mitigates the concentration of credit risk as it relates to financing arrangements by entering into loan syndications with multiple, reputable financial institutions and diversifying its debt counterparties. The Company also reduces exposure by diversifying its derivatives across multiple counterparties who meet established credit and capital guidelines.

Concentrations of credit risk may also arise when the Company enters into leases with multiple tenants concentrated in the same industry, or into a significant lease or multiple leases with a single tenant, or tenants are located in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features that would cause their inability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company, to be similarly affected. The Company regularly monitors its tenant base to assess potential concentrations of credit risk through financial statement review, tenant management calls, and press releases. Management believes the current credit risk of the Company’s portfolio is reasonably well diversified and does not contain any unusual concentration of credit risk.

3. Rental Property

The following table summarizes the components of rental property, net as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Acquisitions

The following tables summarize the acquisitions of the Company during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company accounted for all of its acquisitions as asset acquisitions.

(1) As defined by CBRE-EA industrial market geographies. If the building is located outside of a CBRE-EA defined market, the city and state is reflected.

(2) The Company acquired vacant land parcels.

(3) The Company acquiredone building under development.

(1) As defined by CBRE-EA industrial market geographies. If the building is located outside of a CBRE-EA defined market, the city and state is reflected.

(2) The Company acquired vacant land parcels.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the consideration paid at the date of acquisition during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 for the acquired assets and liabilities in connection with the acquisitions identified in the tables above.

Dispositions

The following table summarizes the Company’s dispositions for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. All of the dispositions were sold to third parties and were accounted for under the full accrual method.

(1) Exclusive of any loss on impairment, gain on involuntary conversion, and gain on the sales of rental property, net.

Loss on Impairment

The following table summarizes the Company’s loss on impairment for asset held and used during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company did not recognize a loss on impairment during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021.

(1)As defined by CBRE-EA industrial market geographies. If the building is located outside of a CBRE-EA defined market, the city and state is reflected.

(2)The Company tested the asset group for impairment utilizing a probability weighted recovery analysis of certain scenarios, and it was determined that the carrying value of the property and intangibles were not recoverable from the estimated future undiscounted cash flows.

(3)The estimated fair value of the property is based on Level 3 inputs and is a non-recurring fair value measurement. Level 3 is defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

(4)This property was sold during the year ended December 31, 2023.

(5)Level 3 inputs used to determine fair value for the property impaired: discount rate of 10.0% and exit capitalization rate of 8.5%.

Involuntary Conversion

In December 2023, the Company recorded an estimated loss on involuntary conversion of approximately $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 related to a tornado that damagedone of the Company’s buildings. An insurance policy provides coverage for these losses, and accordingly the loss on involuntary conversion was fully offset for the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the receivable from the insurance coverage is estimated to be approximately $3.0 million , which is included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Deferred Leasing Intangibles

The following table summarizes the deferred leasing intangibles, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table summarizes the amortization expense and the net increase (decrease) to rental income for the amortization of deferred leasing intangibles during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The following table summarizes the amortization of deferred leasing intangibles over the next five calendar years as of December 31, 2023.

4. Debt

The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding indebtedness, including borrowings under the Company’s unsecured credit facility, unsecured term loans, unsecured notes, and mortgage notes as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(1)Interest rate as of December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, the one-month Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”) was 5.35472%. The current interest rate is not adjusted to include the amortization of deferred financing fees or debt issuance costs incurred in obtaining debt or any unamortized fair market value premiums or discounts. The spread over the applicable rate for the Company’s unsecured credit facility and unsecured term loans is based on the Company’s debt rating and leverage ratio, as defined in the respective loan agreements.

(2)The unsecured credit facility has a stated rate of one-month Term SOFR plus a 0.10% adjustment and a spread of 0.775%, less a sustainability-related interest rate adjustment of 0.02%. The unsecured term loans have a stated interest rate of one-month Term SOFR plus a 0.10% adjustment and a spread of 0.85%, less a sustainability-related interest rate adjustment of 0.02%. As of December 31, 2023, one-month Term SOFR for the Unsecured Term Loans A, F, G, H, and I was swapped to a fixed rate of 1.31%,2.11%,0.95%,2.90%, and 2.66%, respectively (which includes the 0.10% adjustment). One-month Term SOFR for the Unsecured Term Loan H will be swapped to a fixed rate of 2.50% effective January 12, 2024.

(3)Prepayment terms consist of (i) pre-payable with no penalty; (ii) pre-payable with penalty; and (iii) pre-payable without penalty three months prior to the maturity date.

(4)The capacity of the unsecured credit facility is $1.0 billion. Deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization related to the unsecured credit facility of approximately $3.3 million and $5.2 million are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The initial maturity date is October 24, 2025, or such later date which may be extended pursuant totwo six-month extension options exercisable by the Company in its discretion upon advance written notice. Exercise of each six-month option is subject to the following conditions: (i) absence of a default immediately before the extension and immediately after giving effect to the extension; (ii) accuracy of representations and warranties as of the extension date (both immediately before and after the extension), as if made on the extension date; and (iii) payment of a fee. Neither extension option is subject to lender consent, assuming proper notice and satisfaction of the conditions. We are required to pay a facility fee on the aggregate commitment amount (currently $1.0 billion) at a rate per annum of 0.1% to 0.3%, depending on our debt rating, as defined in the credit agreement. The facility fee is due and payable quarterly.

(5)The weighted average interest rate was calculated using the fixed interest rate swapped on the notional amount of $1,025.0 million of debt, and is not adjusted to include the amortization of deferred financing fees or debt issuance costs incurred in obtaining debt or any unamortized fair market value premiums or discounts.

The aggregate undrawn nominal commitment on the unsecured credit facility as of December 31, 2023 was approximately $594.7 million, including issued letters of credit. The Company’s actual borrowing capacity at any given point in time may be less or restricted to a maximum amount based on the Company’s debt covenant compliance. Total accrued interest for the Company’s indebtedness was approximately $14.6 million and $13.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table summarizes the costs included in interest expense related to the Company’s debt arrangements on the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

2023 Debt Activity

On December 15, 2023, the mortgage note associated with Thrivent Financial for Lutherans in the amount of approximately $3.2 million was repaid in full.

On January 19, 2023, the sustainability-related interest rate adjustment for the Unsecured Term Loan H and Unsecured Term Loan I went into effect in connection with the Company's 2022 public disclosure assessment score of “A” from the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB). The interest rate adjustment, a 0.02% interest rate reduction for each instrument, will end on June 29, 2024, in accordance with the respective loan agreements.

On January 5, 2023, the Company redeemed in full at maturity the $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the Series F Unsecured Notes with a fixed interest rate of 3.98%.

2022 Debt Activity

On October 3, 2022, the Company achieved a 2022 public disclosure assessment score of “A” from the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB). The improved score triggered a sustainability-related interest rate adjustment for the Unsecured Term Loan A, Unsecured Term Loan F, Unsecured Term Loan G, and Unsecured Credit Facility. The interest rate adjustment, a 0.02% interest rate reduction for each instrument, went into effect on October 17, 2022 and will end on June 29, 2024, in accordance with the respective loan agreements.

On September 1, 2022, the mortgage note associated with the Wells Fargo Bank, National Association CMBS Loan was repaid in full.

On September 1, 2022, the Company entered into separate amended and restated loan agreements for the Unsecured Term Loan A, the Unsecured Term Loan F, and the Unsecured Term Loan G (“Amended and Restated Unsecured Term Loans”), to provide that borrowings under the Amended and Restated Unsecured Term Loans bear a current annual interest rate of one-month Term SOFR, plus an adjustment of 0.10% and a spread of 0.85%, based on the Company’s debt rating and leverage ratio (as defined in the applicable loan agreement). Other than the interest rate provisions described above, the material terms of the Amended and Restated Unsecured Term Loans, including the maturity dates, remain unchanged.

On July 26, 2022, the Company entered into an amended and restated credit agreement for the unsecured credit facility (the “July 2022 Credit Agreement”), which provided for an increase in the aggregate commitments available for borrowing under the unsecured credit facility from $750.0 million to up to $1.0 billion. The July 2022 Credit Agreement also provided for the replacement of one-month LIBOR for one-month Term SOFR, plus a 0.10% adjustment. In connection with the July 2022 Credit Agreement, the Company incurred approximately $1.4 million in costs which are being deferred and amortized through the maturity date of the unsecured credit facility. The unamortized fees will continue to be deferred and amortized through the maturity date. Other than the increase in the borrowing commitments and the interest rate provisions described above, the material terms of the unsecured credit facility remain unchanged.

On July 26, 2022, the Company entered into (i) an unsecured term loan agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and the other lenders party thereto, providing for a new senior unsecured term loan in the original principal amount of $187.5 million (“Unsecured Term Loan H”) and (ii) an unsecured term loan agreement with Bank of America, N.A., and the other lenders party thereto, providing for a new senior unsecured term loan in the original principal amount of $187.5 million (“Unsecured Term Loan I”). In connection with the new unsecured term loans, the $150.0 million Unsecured Term Loan D and the $175.0 million Unsecured Term Loan E were repaid in full. Each of the Unsecured Term Loan H and the Unsecured Term Loan I bears a current annual interest rate of one-month Term SOFR, plus a 0.10% adjustment and a spread of 0.85% based on the Company’s debt rating and leverage ratio (as defined in the applicable loan agreement), and matures on January 25, 2028. In connection with the new unsecured term loans, the Company incurred approximately $1.2 million in costs which are being deferred and amortized through the maturity dates on the unsecured term loans. The Company also recognized debt extinguishment and modification expenses of approximately $0.8 million related to unamortized deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs related to the Unsecured Term Loan D and the Unsecured Term Loan E and other third-party costs.

On April 28, 2022, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “April 2022 NPA”) for the private placement by the Operating Partnership of $400.0 million senior unsecured notes (the “Series K Unsecured Notes”) maturing June 28, 2032, with a fixed annual interest rate of 4.12%. The April 2022 NPA contains a number of financial covenants substantially similar to the financial covenants contained in the Company’s unsecured credit facility and other unsecured notes, plus a financial covenant that requires the Company to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio of not less than 1.50:1.00. The Operating Partnership issued the Series K Unsecured Notes on June 28, 2022. The Company and certain wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership are guarantors of the Series K Unsecured Notes.

Financial Covenant Considerations

The Company’s ability to borrow under the unsecured credit facility, unsecured term loans, and unsecured notes are subject to its ongoing compliance with a number of customary financial covenants, including:

•a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of not greater than 0.60:1.00;

•a maximum secured leverage ratio of not greater than 0.40:1.00;

•a maximum unencumbered leverage ratio of not greater than 0.60:1.00;

•a minimum fixed charge ratio of not less than or equal to 1.50:1.00;

•a minimum unsecured interest coverage ratio of not less than or equal to 1.75:1.00; and

•with respect to the unsecured notes, a minimum interest coverage ratio of not less than 1.50:1.00.

The Company was in compliance with all such applicable restrictions and financial and other covenants as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 related to its unsecured credit facility, unsecured term loans, and unsecured notes. In the event of a default under the unsecured credit facility or the unsecured term loans, the Company’s dividend distributions are limited to the minimum amount necessary for the Company to maintain its status as a REIT.

Each of the Company’s mortgage notes has specific properties and assignments of rents and leases that are collateral for these loans. The real estate net book value of the properties that are collateral for the Company’s debt arrangements was approximately $7.5 million and $14.8 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is limited to senior, property-level secured debt financing arrangements.

Fair Value of Debt

The following table summarizes the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Company’s debt arrangements and the corresponding estimate of fair valueas of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The fair value of the Company’s debt is based on Level 3 inputs.

Future Principal Payments of Debt

The following table summarizes the Company’s aggregate future principal payments of the Company’s debt at December 31, 2023.

5. Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company’s use of derivative instruments is limited to the utilization of interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk exposure on existing and future liabilities and not for speculative purposes. The principal objective of such arrangements is to minimize the risks and related costs associated with the Company’s operating and financial structure.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 21 interest rate swaps outstanding, all of which are used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with unsecured loans. All of the Company’s interest rate swaps convert the related loans’ Term SOFR components to effectively fixed interest rates, and the Company has concluded that each of the hedging relationships are highly effective. The following table summarizes the fair value of the interest rate swaps outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate swaps are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. The Company uses interest rate swaps to fix the rate of its long term variable rate debt. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified to interest expense in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives designated as qualifying cash flow hedges will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable rate debt. The Company estimates that approximately $29.6 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a decrease to interest expense over the next 12 months.

The following table summarizes the effect of cash flow hedge accounting and the location of the amounts related to the Company’s derivatives in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the Company’s default on the indebtedness.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had not breached the provisions of these agreements and had not posted any collateral related to these agreements.

Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps

The Company’s valuation of the interest rate swaps is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs including interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined by using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves.

The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company or its counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments that were recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

6. Equity

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there wereno shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

On March 1, 2021, the Company gave notice to redeem all 3,000,000 issued and outstanding shares of the Series C Preferred Stock on March 31, 2021. The Company redeemed the Series C Preferred Stock on March 31, 2021 at a cash redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends to, but excluding, the redemption date. The Company recognized a deemed dividend to the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock of approximately $2.6 million on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 related to redemption costs and the original issuance costs of the Series C Preferred Stock.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue up to 300,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

The following table summarizes the terms of the Company’s at-the-market (“ATM”) common stock offering program as of December 31, 2023.

The following tables summarize the activity for the ATM common stock offering program during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share data).

(1)Excludes shares sold on a forward basis under the ATM common stock offering program during the year ended December 31, 2023, which are discussed below.

(1)This program ended during the quarter ended March 31, 2022. Excludes shares sold on a forward basis under the ATM common stock offering program during the year ended December 31, 2022, which are discussed below.

Subsequent to December 31, 2023, on January 9, 2024, the Company sold 567,112 shares on a forward basis under the ATM common stock offering program at a sale price of $38.8818 per share (an aggregate of approximately $22.1 million gross sale price), or $38.5058 per share net of commissions. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of such shares on a forward basis. The Company expects to fully physically settle the applicable forward sale agreement on one or more dates prior to the scheduled maturity date of January 9, 2025, at which point we would receive the proceeds net of certain costs; provided, however, the Company may elect to cash settle or net share settle such forward sale agreement at any time through the scheduled maturity date.

On December 14, 2023, the Company sold 1,100,000 shares on a forward basis under the ATM common stock offering program at a sale price of $38.00 per share (an aggregate of $41.8 million gross sale price), or $37.62 per share net of commissions. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of such shares on a forward basis. The Company expects to fully physically settle the applicable forward sale agreement on one or more dates prior to the scheduled maturity date of December 14, 2024, at which point we would receive the proceeds net of certain costs; provided, however, the Company may elect to cash settle or net share settle such forward sale agreement at any time through the scheduled maturity date.

On June 16, 2023, the Company sold 992,295 shares on a forward basis under the ATM common stock offering program at a weighted average sale price of $36.5319 per share (an aggregate of approximately $36.3 million gross sale price), or $36.1820 per share net of commissions. The Company did not initially receive any proceeds from the sale of such shares on a forward basis. On July 27, 2023, the Company physically settled in full the forward sales agreements by issuing 992,295 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $35.9 million, or $36.2046 per share.

On May 5, 2023, the Company sold 725,698 shares on a forward basis under the ATM common stock offering program at a sale price of $35.0458 per share (an aggregate of approximately $25.4 million gross sale price), or $34.6953 per share net of commissions. The Company did not initially receive any proceeds from the sale of such shares on a forward basis. On July 27, 2023, the Company physically settled in full the forward sales agreements by issuing 725,698 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $25.2 million, or $34.7714 per share.

On November 3, 2021, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of an aggregate of 8,000,000 shares of common stock at a price to the underwriters of $41.99 per share, consisting of (i)5,250,000 shares offered directly by the Company and (ii)2,750,000 shares offered by the forward dealer in connection with certain forward sales agreements. The offering closed on November 8, 2021 and the Company received net proceeds from the sale of shares offered directly by the Company of approximately $220.4 million. On December 1, 2021, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 1,200,000 offered by the forward dealer in connection with certain forward sales agreements for an offering price of $41.87 per share and the underwriters’ option closed on December 3, 2021. On December 27, 2021, the Company partially physically settled the forward sales agreement by issuing 2,750,000 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of approximately $115.0 million. On March 29, 2022, the Company physically settled in full the forward sales agreement by issuing 1,200,000 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $49.7 million, or $41.39 per share.

On April 5, 2021, the Company sold 1,446,760 shares on a forward basis under the ATM common stock offering program at a price of $34.56 per share, or $50.0 million, and $34.2144 per share net of sales agent fees. The Company does not initially receive any proceeds from the sale of shares on a forward basis. On September 29, 2021, the Company physically settled in full the forward sales agreements under the ATM common stock offering program by issuing 1,446,760 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of approximately $48.4 million, or $33.4585 per share.

On September 29, 2021, the Company physically settled in full the forward sales agreements completed on November 16, 2020 by issuing the remaining 4,681,923 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of approximately $133.8 million, or $28.5791 per share.

Restricted Stock-Based Compensation

Pursuant to the 2011 Plan, the Company grants restricted shares of common stock to certain employees of the Company. The restricted shares of common stock are subject to time-based vesting. Restricted shares of common stock granted in 2023, 2022, and 2021, subject to the recipient’s continued employment, will vest over four years in equal installments on January 1 of each year beginning in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Holders of restricted shares of common stock have voting rights and rights to receive dividends. Restricted shares of common stock may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of and are subject to a risk of forfeiture prior to the expiration of the applicable vesting period.

The following table summarizes activity related to the Company’s unvested restricted shares of common stock during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(1)The Company repurchased and retired 24,210,25,836, and 27,706 restricted shares of common stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

The unrecognized compensation expense associated with the Company’s restricted shares of common stock at December 31, 2023 was approximately $2.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.3 years.

The following table summarizes the fair value at vesting for the restricted shares of common stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

7. Noncontrolling Interest

The following table summarizes the activity for noncontrolling interest in the Company during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The Company adjusts the carrying value of noncontrolling interest to reflect its share of the book value of the Operating Partnership when there has been a change in the Company’s ownership of the Operating Partnership. Such adjustments are recorded to additional paid-in capital as a rebalancing of noncontrolling interest on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Equity.

LTIP Units

LTIP units are granted to certain executive officers and senior employees of the Company as part of their compensation, and to independent directors for their service. LTIP units are valued by reference to the value of the Company’s common stock and are subject to such conditions and restrictions as the compensation committee of the board of directors may determine, including continued employment or service. Vested LTIP units can be converted to Other Common Units on aone-for-one basis once an equity transaction has occurred that results in the accretion of the member’s capital account to the economic equivalent of an Other Common Unit. All LTIP units, whether vested or not, will receive the same monthly per unit distributions as Other Common Units, which equal per share dividends on common stock.

LTIP units granted in January 2023, 2022, and 2021 to certain senior executive officers and senior employees, subject to the recipient’s continued employment, will vest quarterly over four years, with the first vesting date having been March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. LTIP units granted in January 2023, 2022, and 2021 to independent directors, subject to the recipient’s continued service, will vest on January 1, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Refer to Note 8 for a discussion of the LTIP units granted in January 2024, 2023, and 2022, pursuant to the 2021, 2020, and 2019 performance units, respectively.

On March 13, 2023, the Company executed an employment agreement with Steven T. Kimball to serve as the Company's Executive Vice President of Real Estate Operations, effective March 31, 2023. On March 31, 2023, pursuant to the 2011 Plan, the Company awarded Mr. Kimball an initial LTIP unit grant equal in value to approximately $0.6 million, which equated to 19,345 LTIP units, which will vest in equal installments on a quarterly basis over four years, with the first vesting date having been March 31, 2023, subject to Mr. Kimball’s continued employment.

On August 17, 2021, the Company and David G. King, the Company’s Executive Vice President and Director of Real Estate Operations, agreed that Mr. King’s employment with the Company would terminate effective September 17, 2021. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the executive employment agreement and the several LTIP unit agreements and performance award agreements between the Company and Mr. King, Mr. King received a severance package from the Company, including a lump sum cash payment, the continuation of certain insurance benefits, immediate vesting of outstanding LTIP units and eligibility to receive a pro-rated award payment for outstanding performance units. Accordingly, the Company accelerated the expense recognition of Mr. King's unvested LTIP units in the amount of approximately $0.5 million, which is included in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, the unrecognized compensation expense associated with Mr. King’s performance units will not be recognized. The Company also incurred approximately $1.6 million related to the lump sum cash payment and continuation of certain insurance benefits, which is included in general and administrative expenses during the year ended December 31, 2021 on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. On October 15, 2021, Mr. King received 57,100 shares of common stock for his pro-rated award payment for outstanding performance units.

The fair value of the LTIP units at the date of grant was determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of the LTIP units is based on Level 3 inputs and is a non-recurring fair value measurement. The following table summarizes the assumptions used in valuing such LTIP units granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (excluding those LTIP units granted pursuant to the settlements of performance units; refer to Note 8 for details).

The expected stock price volatility is based on a mix of the historical and implied volatilities of the Company and certain peer group comp anies. The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s average historical dividend yield and the dividend yield as of the valuation date for each award. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury note yields matching a three-year time period.

The following table summarizes activity related to the Company’s unvested LTIP units during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The unrecognized compensation expense associated with the Company’s LTIP units at December 31, 2023 was approximately $3.3 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.5 years.

The following table summarizes the fair value at vesting for the LTIP units that vested during years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Other Common Units

Other Common Units and shares of the Company’s common stock have essentially the same economic characteristics in that Other Common Units directly, and shares of the Company’s common stock indirectly, through the Company’s interest in the Operating Partnership, share equally in the total net income or loss distributions of the Operating Partnership. Subject to certain restrictions, investors who own Other Common Units have the right to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem any or all of their Other Common Units for cash equal to the then-current value ofone share of the Company’s common stock, or, at the Company’s election, shares of common stock on aone-for-one basis. When redeeming the Other Common Unit for cash, the value of a share of common stock is calculated as the average common stock closing price on the NYSE for the 10 days immediately preceding the redemption notice date. Each Other Common Unit receives the same monthly distribution as a share of common stock.

8. Equity Incentive Plan

The 2011 Plan provides for the issuance of equity-based awards, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, unrestricted stock awards and other awards based on shares of the Company’s common stock, such as LTIP units in the Operating Partnership, that may be made by the Company directly to the executive officers, directors, employees, and other individuals providing bona fide services to or for the Company.

Subject to certain adjustments identified within the 2011 Plan, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be awarded under the 2011 Plan is 10,142,461 shares. Under the 2011 Plan, each LTIP unit awarded will be equivalent to an award ofone share of common stock reserved under the 2011 Plan, thereby reducing the number of shares of common stock available for other equity awards on aone-for-one basis.

The 2011 Plan may be terminated, amended, modified or suspended at any time by the board of directors, subject to stockholder approval as required by law or stock exchange rules. The 2011 Plan expires on April 24, 2033.

Under the 2011 Plan, the Company grants performance units to certain key employees of the Company. The ultimate value of the performance units depends on the Company’s total stockholder return (“TSR”) over a three-year period (the “measuring period”). At the end of the measuring period, the performance units convert into shares of common stock, or, at the Company’s election and with the award recipient’s consent, LTIP units or other securities (“Award Shares”), at a rate depending on the Company’s TSR over the measuring period as compared to various benchmarks and on the absolute amount of the Company’s TSR. A recipient of performance units may receive as few aszero shares or as many as 250% of the number of target units, plus deemed dividends.

For the performance units granted in 2021 and 2022, at the end of the measuring period the performance units convert into common stock or LTIP units at a rate depending on the Company’s TSR over the measuring period as compared tothree different benchmarks and on the absolute amount of the Company’s TSR. The target amount of the performance units is nominally allocated as: (i)25% to the Company’s TSR compared to the TSR of an industry peer group; (ii)25% to the Company’s TSR compared to the TSR of a size-based peer group; and (iii)50% to the Company’s TSR compared to the TSR of the companies in the MSCI US REIT index.

For the performance units granted in 2023, at the end of the measuring period the performance units convert into common stock or LTIP units at a rate depending on the Company’s TSR over the measuring period as compared to two different benchmarks and on the absolute amount of the Company’s TSR. The target amount of the performance units is nominally allocated as follows: (i)50% to the Company’s TSR compared to the TSR of an industry peer group; and (ii)50% to the Company’s TSR compared to the TSR of the companies in the MSCI US REIT Index.

No dividends are paid to the recipient during the measuring period. At the end of the measuring period, if the Company’s TSR is such that the recipient earns Award Shares, the recipient will receive additional Award Shares relating to dividends deemed to have been paid and reinvested on the Award Shares. The Company, in the discretion of the compensation committee of the board of directors, may pay the cash value of the deemed dividends instead of issuing additional Award Shares. The Award Shares are immediately vested at the end of the measuring period.

In January 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company granted performance units approved by the compensation committee of the board of directors, under the 2011 Plan to certain key employees of the Company. The measuring periods commenced on January 1, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and end on December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

On March 31, 2023, in connection with the execution of the employment agreement discussed in Note 7, the Company granted Mr. Kimball performance units under the 2011 Plan with a target grant date fair value equal to approximately $0.6 million. The terms and measuring period of the performance units granted to Mr. Kimball are the same as the performance units granted in January 2023.

The fair value of the performance units as of the grant date was determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of the performance units is based on Level 3 inputs and non-recurring fair value measurements. The performance unit equity compensation expense is recognized ratably from the grant date into earnings over the respective vesting periods. The following table summarizes the assumptions used in valuing the performance units granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The expected stock price volatility is based on a mix of the historical and implied volatilities of the Company and certain peer group companies. The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s average historical dividend yield and the dividend yield as of the valuation date for each award. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury note yields matching the three-year time period of the performance period.

During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, it was determined that the Company’s total stockholder return exceeded the threshold percentage and return hurdle for each of the 2021, 2020, and 2019 performance units, respectively. The following table summarizes the compensation committee of the board of directors approved issuances of LTIP units and shares of common stock for the conclusion of the measuring periods for performance units for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.

The unrecognized compensation expense associated with the Company’s performance units at December 31, 2023 was approximately $5.1 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.7 years.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the number of shares available for issuance under the 2011 Plan were 4,226,328 and 1,269,097, respectively. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2011 Plan as of December 31, 2023 do not include an allocation for the 2023 and 2022 performance units as the awards were not determinable as of December 31, 2023. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2011 Plan as of December 31, 2022 do not include an allocation for the 2022 and 2021 performance units as the awards were not determinable as of December 31, 2022.

Non-cash Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the amounts recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the amortization of restricted shares of common stock, LTIP units, performance units, and the Company’s director compensation for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(1)Inclusive of approximately $0.5 million non-cash compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2021 associated with the severance cost of an executive officer, as discussed in Note 7.

(2)All of the Company’s independent directors elected to receive shares of common stock in lieu of cash for their service during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The number of shares of common stock granted was calculated based on the trailing 10 days average common stock price on the third business day preceding the grant date.

9. Leases

Lessor Leases

The Company has operating leases in which it is the lessor for its rental property. Certain leases contain variable lease payments based upon changes in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”). Billings for real estate taxes and other expenses are also considered to be variable lease payments. Certain leases contain options to renew or terminate the lease, and options for the lessee to purchase the rental property, all of which are predominately at the sole discretion of the lessee.

The following table summarizes the components of rental income included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for theyears ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had accrued rental income of approximately $105.9 million and $91.2 million, respectively, included in tenant accounts receivable on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s total liability associated with tenant lease security deposits was approximately $21.8 million and $19.1 million, respectively, which is included in tenant prepaid rent and security deposits on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table summarizes the maturity of fixed lease payments under the Company’s leases as of December 31, 2023.

Lessee Leases

The Company has operating leases in which it is the lessee for its ground leases and corporate office leases. These leases have remaining lease terms of approximately 2.3 years to 46.7 years. Certain ground leases contain options to extend the leases forten years to 20 years, all of which are reasonably certain to be exercised, and are included in the computation of the Company’s right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities.

The following table summarizes supplemental information related to operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes the operating lease cost included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The following table summarizes supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The following table summarizes the maturity of operating lease liabilities under the Company’s ground leases and corporate office leases as of December 31, 2023.

(1)Operating lease liabilities do not include estimates of CPI rent changes required by certain ground lease agreements. Therefore, actual payments may differ from those presented.

10. Earnings Per Share

Under the two-class method of computing earnings per share, restricted shares of common stock are considered participating securities as these stock-based awards contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends, unless and until a forfeiture occurs, and these awards must be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were 142,875,161,704 and 198,171, respectively, unvested shares of restricted stock on a weighted average basis that were considered participating securities. Participating securities are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share using the treasury stock method if the impact is more dilutive than the two-class method. Other potentially dilutive shares of common stock from the Company’s performance units and forward sales agreements are considered when calculating diluted earnings per share.

The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(1)During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, there were 143,162, and 198, unvested restricted shares of common stock (on a weighted average basis), respectively, that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the allocation of income under the two-class method was more dilutive.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters are generally covered by insurance subject to deductible requirements. Management believes that the ultimate settlement of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The Company has letters of credit of approximately $3.3 million as of December 31, 2023 related to construction projects and certain other agreements.

12. Employee Benefit Plans

Effective April 20, 2011, the Company adopted a 401(k) Defined Contribution Savings Plan (the “Plan”) for its employees. Under the Plan, as amended, employees, as defined, are eligible to participate in the Plan after they have completed three months of service. The Company provides a discretionary match of 50% of the employee’s contributions annually up to 6.0% of the employee’s annual compensation, subject to a cap imposed by federal tax law. The Company’s aggregate matching contribution for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The Company’s contribution is subject to vest over three years, such that employees who have been with the Company for three years are fully vested in past and future contributions.

13. Subsequent Events

The Company identified the following events subsequent to December 31, 2023 that are not recognized in the financial statements.

On January 8, 2024, the Company granted 40,557 restricted shares of common stock to certain employees of the Company pursuant to the 2011 Plan. The restricted shares of common stock granted will vest over four years in equal installments on January 1 of each year beginning January 1, 2025. The fair value of the restricted shares of common stock at the date of grant was $38.99 per share.

On January 8, 2024, the Company granted 29,187 LTIP units to non-employee, independent directors and 95,048 LTIP units to certain executive officers and senior employees pursuant to the 2011 Plan. The LTIP units granted to non-employee, independent directors will vest on January 1, 2025. The LTIP units granted to certain executive officers and senior employees will vest in equal quarterly installments over four years, with the first vesting date being March 31, 2024. The aggregate fair value of the LTIP units at the date of grant was approximately $4.6 million, as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using an expected term often years, a weighted average volatility factor of 25.0%, a weighted average expected dividend yield of 4.0%, and a weighted average risk-free interest rate of 4.11%. The fair value of the LTIP units is based on Level 3 inputs and is a non-recurring fair value measurement.

On January 8, 2024, the Company granted performance units to certain executive officers and senior employees pursuant to the 2011 Plan. The terms of the January 8, 2024 performance units are substantially the same as the 2023 performance units discussed in Note 8, except that the measuring period commenced on January 1, 2024 and ends on December 31, 2026. The aggregate fair value of the performance units at the date of grant was approximately $6.5 million, as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a weighted average volatility factor of 24.5%, a weighted average expected dividend yield of 4.0%, and a weighted average risk-free interest rate of 4.113%. The fair value of the performance units is based on Level 3 inputs and is a non-recurring fair value measurement.