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Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 27, 2026.

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A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Feb 27, 2026

LOB$34.40-0.7%Stored close · as of Nov 10, 2026

Extracted filing text, with the paragraph anchors used by the comparison.

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Contents

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013)issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 26, 2026 expressed an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for credit losses evaluated on a collective basis

As discussed in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, as of December 31, 2025, the Company had an allowance for credit losses on loans and leases (ACL) of $192.3 million of which a substantial portion is related to the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases on a collective basis (the collective ACL). The collective ACL on loans and leases is estimated using models that incorporate relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The Company’s historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The ACL is measured on a pooled basis using a quantitative modeling process when similar risk characteristics are present in the portfolio. The Company has identified pools based on industry or market segment, and whether the receivable is secured by real estate or another form of collateral. Expected credit losses for pooled loans and leases are estimated using a discounted cash flow

(DCF) methodology for each loan and lease which incorporates measurements of probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), prepayments, the estimated outstanding exposure at default (EAD), and the effective interest rate (EIR). PD rates are calculated using the number of defaults divided by the number of loans available to default for 1-year observation periods over the lifetime of data available for a certain pool. LGD rates are calculated by dividing the lifetime net charge-offs for each pool by the pool’s EAD. PD and LGD rates are adjusted for forecasted Baa-rated Corporate yields during a reasonable and supportable forecast period, using a single macroeconomic scenario. The Company has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and adjusted loss rates revert back to historical loss rates over four quarters on a straight-line basis. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loan or lease, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions and renewals unless the extension or renewal options are included in the contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The Company considers a variety of qualitative factors to reflect its current judgment of various events and risks that are not measured within the quantitative modeling. The qualitative framework is further informed by multiple alternative economic scenarios, as deemed applicable, aligned with weighted, quantifiable credit metrics to arrive at a scenario or a composite of scenarios supporting the period-end ACL balance. The evaluation of such factors is inherently imprecise and subjective as it requires management judgment based on underlying factors that are susceptible to changes.

We identified the assessment of the collective ACL as a critical audit matter. A high degree of audit effort, including specialized skills and knowledge, and subjective and complex auditor judgment was involved in the assessment of the collective ACL due to significant complexity, subjectivity and measurement uncertainty. Specifically, the assessment encompassed the evaluation of the methods and models used to estimate the PD and LGD and their significant assumptions. Such significant assumptions include the selection of forecasted Baa-rated Corporate Bond yields as the sole economic variable. The assessment also included the evaluation of the qualitative framework, including the incorporation of the multiple alternative economic scenarios, and judgmental management adjustments. The assessment also included an evaluation of the conceptual soundness and performance of the PD and LGD models. In addition, auditor judgment was required to evaluate the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s measurement of the collective ACL including controls related to the:

development and continued appropriateness of the collective ACL methodology, including the qualitative framework

continued use and appropriateness of the PD and LGD models, including the significant assumptions used in the PD and LGD models

selection of forecasted Baa-rated Corporate bond yields as the sole economic variable

performance monitoring of the PD and LGD models

determination of the judgmental management adjustments

analysis of the collective ACL results, trends, and ratios.

We evaluated the Company’s process to develop the collective ACL by testing certain sources of data, factors, and assumptions that the Company used, and considered the relevance and reliability of such data, factors, and assumptions. In addition, we involved credit risk professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:

evaluating the collective ACL methodology for compliance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles

evaluating judgments made by the Company relative to the assessment and performance testing of the PD and LGD models by comparing them to relevant Company-specific metrics and trends and the applicable industry and regulatory practices

assessing the conceptual soundness of the PD and LGD models by inspecting the model documentation to determine whether the models are suitable for their intended use

evaluating the selection of the economic variable by comparing them to the Company’s business environment and relevant industry practices

evaluating the development of the qualitative framework and the effect of the resulting judgmental management adjustments on the collective ACL compared with relevant credit risk factors and consistency with credit trends associated with the Company’s portfolio

We also assessed the sufficiency of the audit evidence obtained related to the collective ACL by evaluating the:

cumulative results of the audit procedures

qualitative aspects of the Company’s accounting practices

potential bias in the accounting estimate

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.

Charlotte, North Carolina

February 26, 2026

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness, described below, on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 26, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A material weakness related to the following has been identified and included in management’s assessment.

The Company did not sufficiently maintain effective control activities over the accounting for and classification of loan participation activity within the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows primarily due to insufficient oversight as it relates to inadequate training of employees, lack of effective risk assessment and monitoring activities.

The material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2025 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report on those consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Charlotte, North Carolina

February 26, 2026

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows of Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the results of the Company’s operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited the adjustments to the 2023 consolidated financial statements to retrospectively apply the changes in accounting for business segments, as described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit.

We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Forvis Mazars, LLP

We served as the Company’s auditor from 2010 to 2024.

Greenville, North Carolina

February 22, 2024 (except as to the changes in the reporting of the Company’s business segments discussed in Note 1, as to which the date is March 18, 2025, and except as to the error correction discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as to which the date is November 17, 2025)

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