EKSO BIONICS HOLDINGS, INC.
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 23, 2026.
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FY2025 · Filed Feb 23, 2026
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization
Description of Business
Ekso Bionics Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) designs, develops, and markets exoskeleton and complementary products that augment human strength, endurance and mobility. The primary end market for our exoskeleton technology is healthcare, where our technology primarily serves people with physical disabilities or impairments in both physical rehabilitation and mobility. The Company has marketed devices that (i) enable individuals with neurological conditions affecting gait, including acquired brain injury ("ABI") and multiple sclerosis ("MS"), and spinal cord injury ("SCI") to rehabilitate and to stand and walk in neurorehabilitation settings and, for patients with a SCI, for home and community use, (ii) assist individuals with a broad range of upper extremity impairments, and (iii) allow industrial workers to perform difficult repetitive work for extended periods. Founded in2005, the Company is headquartered in the San Francisco Bay Area and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “EKSO”.
Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar and share amounts included in these notes to the consolidated financial statements are in thousands.
All common stock share and per share amounts have been adjusted to reflect theone-for-fifteen reverse stock split effected on* June 2, 2025.See Note11.* Capitalization and Equity Structure – Reverse Stock Split for additional information.
Liquidity and Going Concern
As of* December 31, 2025*, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $262,396. The Company has incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. During the year ended* December 31, 2025*, the Company used $11,801 of cash in its operations. Cash on hand as of* December 31, 2025* was $1,169.
Our expectation to generate operating losses and negative operating cash flows in the future and the need for additional funding to support our planned operations raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern for a period ofone year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. Management intends to raise funds throughone or more financings in the near term in order to meet our cash requirements for the next12 months. However, due to several factors, including those outside management’s control, there can beno assurance that the Company will be able to complete such financings on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to continue operating the business under the operating plan. As part of the financing strategy, management is simultaneously pursuing strategic partnerships, delaying or abandoning certain product development projects, cost reduction efforts for our products, and refocusing sales efforts to accelerate revenue growth above historical results. We have concluded the likelihood that our plan to successfully reduce expenses to align with our available cash, while reasonably possible, is less than probable. Accordingly, we have concluded that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least12 months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. Management currently estimates that the Company's cash on hand as of* December 31, 2025,in addition to the net proceeds from the Private Placement (as defined below), will fund its operations until the end of thesecond* quarter of2026.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The consolidated financial statements donot include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described above.
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2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP").
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Ekso Bionics Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. For the Company, these estimates include, but arenot limited to, intangible and tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, revenue recognition, deferred revenue, the provision for credit losses on accounts receivable, the valuation of warrants, employee equity awards, and phantom performance-based restricted stock units, future warranty costs, accounting for leases, useful lives assigned to long-lived assets, valuation of inventory, realizability of deferred tax assets, and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency
The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries and equity investments, where the local currency is the functional currency, are translated from their respective functional currencies into U.S. dollars at the rates in effect at the balance sheet date and revenue and expense amounts are translated at average rates during the period, with resulting foreign currency translation adjustments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses from the re-measurement of balances denominated in currencies other than the entities' functional currencies, are recorded in other expense, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The Company's accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income consists of the accumulated net unrealized gains or losses on foreign currency translation adjustments. The change in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income presented on the consolidated balance sheets as of* December 31, 2025* and2024, is reflected in the table below net of tax:
| Accumulated Other | |
|---|---|
| Comprehensive | |
| Income | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $156 |
| Net unrealized gain on foreign currency translation | 801 |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | 957 |
| Net unrealized loss on foreign currency translation | (1,649) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $(692) |
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts receivable.
The Company's cash balances held in domestic banks are deposited into accounts at various financial institutions with each balance under the*$250* Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance limit. The Company has significant cash balances at foreign financial institutions that regularly exceed the applicable country cash deposit insurance limits of approximately*$100* at each of the Company'stwo foreign banks. Any foreign exchange loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable exist to the full extent of amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company doesnot require collateral from its customers to secure accounts receivable. Accounts receivable are derived from the sale of products shipped and services performed for customers primarily located in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Invoices are aged based on contractual terms with the customer.
Many of the sales contracts with customers outside of the U.S. are settled in a foreign currency other than the U.S. dollar. The Company doesnot enter into any foreign currency hedging agreements and is susceptible to gains and losses from foreign currency fluctuations. To date, the Company hasnot experienced significant gains or losses upon settling contracts denominated in a foreign currency.
The Company hadone customer with an accounts receivable balance totaling10% or more of the Company's total accounts receivable as of* December 31, 2025* (29%), as compared withtwo customers as of* December 31, 2024* (17% and 17%).
The Company hadtwo customers with sales of10% or more of the Company’s total revenue for the year ended* December 31, 2025* (16% and 10%), as compared withone customer for the year ended* December 31, 2024* (17%).
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company carries accounts receivable at invoiced amounts less an allowance (or "provision") for credit losses. The Company reviews accounts receivables for collectability and determines an allowance for potential credit losses. The allowance for credit losses on accounts receivables reflects the Company’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance based on historical bad debt expense, the aging of the accounts, known troubled accounts, customer payment history, and other currently available evidence. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within30 to120 days. Accounts receivables are charged off after all reasonable means to collect the full amount, including litigation where appropriate, have been exhausted. The Company hasnot experienced material losses related to accounts receivable during the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*. The Company's accounts receivable balances, net of allowances, as of* December 31, 2025*,2024, and2023 were $7,308, $7,238 and $5,645, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using the standard cost method, which approximates actual cost on afirst-in,first-out basis. Materials from vendors are received and recorded as raw materials. Once the raw materials are incorporated in the fabrication of the product, the related value of the component is recorded as work in progress ("WIP"). Direct and indirect labor and applicable overhead costs are also allocated and recorded to WIP inventory. Finished goods are comprised of completed products that are ready for customer shipment. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of inventory on hand for potential excess amounts over sales and forecasted demand. Excess and obsolete inventories identified, if any, are recorded as an inventory impairment charge within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company's estimate of write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory is based on a detailed analysis which includes on-hand inventory and purchase commitments in excess of forecasted demand. Subsequent disposals of inventories are recorded as a reduction of inventory.
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Inventories consisted of the following:
| December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| Raw materials | $3,593 | $3,551 |
| Work in progress | 102 | 177 |
| Finished goods | 1,127 | 843 |
| Inventories | $4,822 | $4,571 |
Leases
The Company records its leases in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic842, Leases. At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present. Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typicallynot readily determinable. As such, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset* may*be required for items, such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received.
Lease expense is recognized over the expected lease term on a straight-line basis. Operating leases are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets, lease liabilities current and lease liabilities non-current.
Leases with an initial term of12 months or less arenot recorded on the balance sheet. The Company recognizes the lease expense for such leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally ranging from three to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the related term of the lease. The costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred, while expenditures for refurbishments and improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized.
The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value* may**not* be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from the Company’s use or eventual disposition. If estimates of future undiscounted net cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying value of the assets, the Company will record an impairment loss in the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value. If the assets are determined to be recoverable, but the useful lives are shorter than originally estimated, the Company will depreciate or amortize the net book value of the assets over the newly determined remaining useful lives.None of the Company’s property and equipment were impaired as of* December 31, 2025and2024*. No impairment loss has been recognized in the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*.
Goodwill
The Company records goodwill when the purchase price of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired. The Company performs an annual impairment assessment, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, which includes evaluating qualitative and quantitative factors to assess the likelihood of an impairment of goodwill. Such indicators include, butnot limited to, material departures from projected sales volume, deteriorating gross margins, and uncertainties regarding continued commercialization as a result of changing business strategies.
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Intangible Assets
Other intangible assets include developed technology, acquired intellectual property, and customer relationships, in the case of finite-lived intangibles, and trade names in the case of indefinite-lived intangibles. Finite-lived intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are tested for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets* may**not* be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually, or as deemed necessary if potential indicators of impairment exist. Such indicators include, butnot limited to, material departures from projected sales volume, deteriorating gross margins, and uncertainties regarding continued commercialization as a result of changing business strategies.
Warrant Valuation
The Company generally accounts for warrants issued in connection with equity financings as a component of equity, unless the warrants include a conditional obligation to issue a variable number of shares or there is a deemed possibility that it* may*need to settle the warrants in cash.
Where there is a possibility that the Company* may*have to settle warrants in cash, it estimates the fair value of the issued warrants as a liability at each reporting date and records changes in the estimated fair value as a non-cash gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (the “Black-Scholes Model”) and the Binomial Lattice model (the "Lattice Model"). The Black-Scholes Model requires inputs, such as the expected volatility, expected term, exercise price, risk-free interest rate, and the value of the underlying security. The Lattice Model provides for assumptions regarding expected volatility, expected term, exercise price, risk-free interest rates, the value of the underlying security, and the probability of and likely timing of a specific event within the period to maturity. These values are subject to a significant degree of the Company's judgment. In addition to the aforementioned inputs, the Company’s common stock price represents a significant input that affects the valuation of the warrants.
Phantom Performance-based Restricted Stock Valuation
On* November 5, 2025,the Company issued phantom performance-based restricted stock units ("Phantom PSUs") to its executive officers in order to assist in retention, drive stockholder growth, and achieve the Company's strategic goals. Each award of the Phantom PSUs is scheduled to vest upon achievement of each of the followingtwo* performance requirements within thefive-year period following the date of grant, in each case subject to the applicable executive officers' continued employment through the applicable date of achievement: (i) the occurrence of a change in control, and (ii) achievement of a stock price of at least $7.50.
As of both the grant date and* December 31, 2025,the Company determined that the change in control condition, or triggering event, of the Phantom PSUs wasnot* probable. If the change in control condition is deemed to be probable as of a future reporting date, the Company would account for the Phantom PSUs as a liability due to their settlement in cash, based on the estimated fair value measured at each reporting date, in accordance with ASC718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Subsequently, the Company would record changes in the estimated fair value as a component of operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As long as the Company considers the change in control condition to be probable as of the reporting date, the Phantom PSUs will be remeasured at fair value until settlement, which are to be settled in cash only.
The fair values of these Phantom PSUs will be determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The Monte Carlo simulation model requires inputs, such as the expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate, and the value of the underlying security. The Monte Carlo simulation model provides for assumptions regarding expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rates, the value of the underlying security, and the probability of and likely timing of a specific event within the expected term. These values are subject to a significant degree of the Company's judgment. The Company’s common stock price represents a significant input that affects the valuation of the Phantom PSUs. Changes in these assumptions could have potential material impacts on the estimated fair value of the Phantom PSU liabilities.
When the triggering events are determined to be probable, the fair values, representing the expected cash settlement of the Phantom PSUs, will be included as a component of operating expenses, under the captions "General and administrative" and "Research and development," in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, and the corresponding liability will be included as a component of Accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Going Concern
The Company assesses its ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with ASC205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements–* Going Concern*. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. Refer to Note1. Organization – Liquidity and Going Concern for additional information regarding the Company's assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern.
Revenue Recognition
The Company records its revenue in accordance with ASC606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which when capable of being distinct, are accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue recognition is evaluated based on the followingfive steps: (i) identification of the contract with the customer; (ii) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.
For multiple-element arrangements, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices are determined based on observable prices at which the Company separately sells its products or services. If a standalone selling price isnot directly observable, judgment is made to estimate the selling price based on market conditions and entity-specific factors including cost plus analyses, features and functionality of the product and/or services, the geography of the Company’s customers, and type of customer. Any discounts or other reductions to the transaction price are allocated proportionately to all performance obligations within the multiple-element arrangement. The Company periodically validates the stand-alone selling price for performance obligations by evaluating whether changes in the key assumptions used to determine the stand-alone selling prices will have a significant effect on the allocation of transaction price between multiple performance obligations.
The Company generally doesnot grant a right of return for its products. The Company exercised judgement to determine that a product return reserve wasnot required as of* December 31, 2025* and2024, as historical returns activity havenot been material and the Company's expectations and estimates regarding future returns havenot changed.
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Research and Development
Research and development costs consist of costs incurred for internal research and development activities. These costs primarily include salaries and other personnel-related expenses, contractor fees, prototype materials, facility costs, supplies, and depreciation of equipment associated with the design and development of new products prior to the establishment of their technological feasibility. Such costs are expensed as incurred.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, income tax expense or benefit is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and for deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for any income tax contingencies in accordance with accounting guidance for income taxes. The measurement of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on provisions of currently enacted tax laws. The effects of any future changes in tax laws or rates havenot been considered.
For the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements included herein, the Company estimates its income taxes and tax contingencies in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates prior to the completion and filing of its tax returns. This process involves estimating actual current tax expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in net deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company must then assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be realizable, and to the extent they believe that realizability isnot likely, the Company must establish a valuation allowance. In assessing the need for any additional valuation allowance, the Company considers all the evidence available to it, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, legislative developments, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company measures stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units ("PSUs") made to employees and directors based on the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant and recognizes the value on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Company's Phantom PSUs are discussed in thePhantom Performance-based Restricted Stock Valuation above in this Note2.
The Company records compensation expense for service-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. For awards with performance-based conditions, at the point that it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be met, the Company records a cumulative catch-up of the expense from the grant date to the current date, and then amortizes the remainder of the expense over the remaining service period. Management evaluates when the achievement of a performance-based condition is probable based on the expected satisfaction of the performance conditions as of the reporting date. The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
The Company measures stock-based compensation expense for stock options granted to employees and directors based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognizes the fair value on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Company determines the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Model, which is affected by the Company’s stock price and assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. These variables include, but arenot limited to, the Company’s stock price, volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term, the Company adopted the simplified method of estimating the expected term pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic14. On this basis, the Company estimated the expected term of options granted by taking the average of the vesting term and the contractual term of the option.
The Company has, from time to time, modified the terms of its stock options and RSUs to certain employees and directors. The Company accounts for the incremental compensation cost, which is the excess of the fair value of the modified award on the date of modification over the fair value of the original award immediately before the modification, as an expense for vested awards or over the remaining service (vesting) period for unvested awards.
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Employee Retention Credit
On* March 27, 2020,in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Congress enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The CARES Act, along with other subsequent federal acts that extended the aid, allowed eligible employers to claim employee retention credits (“ERC”) for qualified wages paid after March 12, 2020and before January 1, 2022.We qualified for credits under the provisions of the CARES Act for the entire period subsequent to January 1, 2021,through June 30, 2021.The Company elected to account for the ERC as a government grant. As there isno* authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP on accounting for grants to for-profit business entities from government entities, the Company accounts for government assistance by analogy to International Accounting Standards Topic20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance (“IAS20"). Under IAS20, government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and that all conditions related to the grant will be met.
We received ERCs of $523 in* August 2025,of which $454 was recorded as an offset to the related employee payroll expenses as a component of operating expenses, under the captions "Sales and marketing," "Research and development," and "General and administrative," and $69 was recorded under the caption "Interest expense, net" in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2025.These credits, due to the uncertainty of eventual receipt following claims made, werenot* recognized until receipt. There can beno assurance that the Company's ERCs received* may**not* be examined by the Internal Revenue Service, and if examined, possibly challenged as to a portion or all of the benefit received, which if required to be returned, would have an adverse impact on the Company's liquidity.
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in2025
For the year ended* December 31, 2025,the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU")No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic740*): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU2023-09") on a prospective basis. This standard improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The adoption of this new standard didnot have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related consolidated disclosures. Refer to Note14. Income Taxes for additional information regarding the adoption of ASU2023-09.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In* December 2025,the FASB issued ASUNo.* 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic270): Narrow-Scope Improvements ("ASU2025-11"), which clarifies interim disclosure requirements and the applicability of Topic270. The guidance will be effective for interim periods beginning after* December 15, 2027,with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its related consolidated financial statements and disclosures and doesnot* expect to early adopt.
In* July 2025,the FASB issued ASUNo.* 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets (“ASU2025-05”), which provides a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. ASU2025-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after* December 15, 2025,and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. ASU2025*-05 should be applied prospectively. The Company doesnot expect the adoption of ASU2025-05 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related consolidated disclosures.
In* November 2024,the FASB issued ASUNo.* 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU2024-03”), which requires disclosure about the types of costs and expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the income statement. The new disclosure requirements are effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after* December 15, 2026,and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027,with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its related consolidated disclosures and doesnot* expect to early adopt.
3. Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock
Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed, when applicable, using the weighted average number of shares of common stock, adjusted to include conversion of "in-the-money" stock options and warrants for common stock and release of common stock in connection with restricted stock units during the period, net of tax as follows:
| Years ended December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| Numerator: | ||
| Net loss applicable to common stockholders | $(11,695) | $(11,330) |
| Adjustment for deemed dividend (*) | (226) | - |
| Adjusted net loss used for basic and diluted calculation | $(11,921) | $(11,330) |
| Denominator: | ||
| Weighted-average number of common shares, basic and diluted | 2,426 | 1,344 |
| Net loss per common share: | ||
| Basic and diluted | $(4.91) | $(8.43) |
() Deemed dividend represents the Company's incremental fair value of the Inducement Warrant over the gross proceeds received, which reduces income available to common stockholders used for the basic and diluted net loss per common share calculation. Refer to Note12.* Capitalization and Equity Structure — Warrants for additional information regarding the Inducement Warrant.
The following table sets forth potential shares of common stock that arenot included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share because to do so would be anti-dilutive as of the end of each period presented:
| Years ended December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| Options to purchase common stock | 11 | 12 |
| Restricted stock units | 86 | 68 |
| B. Riley Promissory Note conversion option | 488 | — |
| Warrants for common stock | 807 | 866 |
| Total common stock equivalents | 1,392 | 947 |
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4. Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Three levels of inputs, of which thefirst two are considered observable and the last unobservable,* may*be used to measure fair value which are the following:
| • | Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company considers a market to be active when transactions for the asset occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. |
| • | Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. |
| • | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The valuation of Level 3 investments requires the use of significant management judgments or estimation. |
The Company’s fair value hierarchies for its financial assets and liabilities which require fair value measurement on a recurring basis are as follows:
| Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liabilities | ||||
| Warrant liabilities | $— | $— | $— | $— |
| Liabilities | ||||
| Warrant liabilities | $1 | $— | $— | $1 |
During the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*, there wereno transfers between Level1, Level2, or Level3 assets or liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis and the valuation techniques used didnot change compared to the Company’s established practice.
The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of Company’s Level3 financial liabilities during the years ended* December 31, 2025* and2024, which were measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| Warrant | |
|---|---|
| Liability | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $366 |
| Gain on revaluation of warrants issued in 2021, June 2020, December 2019, and May 2019 equity financings | (474) |
| Loss on modification of warrant | 109 |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $1 |
| Gain on revaluation of warrants issued in 2021, June 2020, December 2019, and May 2019 equity financings | (1) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | — |
Refer to Note2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates – Phantom Performance-based Restricted Stock Valuation** *for additional information regarding the valuation of Phantom PSUs, and Note12. Capitalization and Equity Structure– Warrants*for additional information regarding the valuation of warrants.
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5. Revenue
The Company’s revenue is primarily generated through the sale and subscription of the EksoNR, Ekso Indego Therapy, and Ekso Indego Personal devices, along with the sale of support and maintenance contracts. Revenue from device product sales is recognized at the point in time when control of the product transfers to the customer. Transfer of control generally occurs upon shipment from the Company’s facility for sales of these devices. Support and maintenance contracts extend coverage beyond the Company’s standard warranty agreements ranging from 12 to 48 months. Revenue is recognized evenly over the term of the contracts. Revenue from medical device subscriptions is recognized evenly over the contract term, typically over24 months.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue is comprised mainly of unearned revenue related to extended support and maintenance contracts, but also includes other offerings for which the Company has been paid in advance and earns revenue when the Company transfers control of the product or service.
Deferred revenue consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred extended maintenance and support | $2,907 | $3,669 |
| Deferred device and advances | 234 | 207 |
| Total deferred revenues | 3,141 | 3,876 |
| Less current portion | (1,727) | (1,956) |
| Deferred revenues, non-current | $1,414 | $1,920 |
Deferred revenue activity consisted of the following for the years ended* December 31, 2025* and* December 31, 2024*:
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Beginning balance | $3,876 | $4,162 |
| Deferral of revenue | 1,746 | 3,331 |
| Recognition of deferred revenue | (2,481) | (3,617) |
| Ending balance | $3,141 | $3,876 |
The Company expects to recognize approximately $1,727 of the deferred revenue during 2026, $833 in 2027, and $581 thereafter.
In addition to deferred revenue, the Company has a non-cancellable backlog of $554 expected to be recognized across2026 and2027, which includes customer orders received butnot fulfilled and other ancillary products and services of $322, and contracts for subscription units of $232.
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Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source for the year ended* December 31, 2025*:
| Total | |
|---|---|
| Device revenue | $9,241 |
| Service and support | 2,918 |
| Subscriptions | 358 |
| Parts and other | 282 |
| $12,799 |
The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source for the year ended* December 31, 2024*:
| Total | |
|---|---|
| Device revenue | $13,323 |
| Service and support | 3,121 |
| Subscriptions | 527 |
| Parts and other | 954 |
| $17,925 |
The Company operates in the following regions: (1) Americas, (2) Europe, the Middle East, and Africa region ("EMEA"), and (3) Asia Pacific region ("APAC"). Individual countries with revenue greater than10% of total revenue for the year ended* December 31, 2025and2024* are disclosed separately from the regional totals. Geographic information for revenue based on location of customers is as follows:
| Years ended December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| United States | $7,430 | $9,712 |
| Other | 72 | 421 |
| Americas | 7,502 | 10,133 |
| France | 1,430 | 3,006 |
| Other | 2,362 | 2,936 |
| EMEA | 3,792 | 5,942 |
| APAC | 1,505 | 1,850 |
| $12,799 | $17,925 | |
6. Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:
| Estimated · December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Life (Years) | 2025 | 2024 | |
| Company-owned device fleet | 1-5 | $2,606 | $2,572 |
| Molds and other tools | 5-10 | 1,500 | 1,424 |
| Machinery and equipment | 3-7 | 437 | 380 |
| Leasehold improvement | Lease term | 194 | 194 |
| Software | 3-5 | 191 | 234 |
| Furniture and office equipment | 3-7 | 114 | 114 |
| 5,042 | 4,918 | ||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (3,754) | (3,341) | |
| Property and equipment, net | $1,288 | $1,577 | |
Depreciation expense of Property and equipment, net totaled $563 and $658 for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*, respectively.
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7. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:
| December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| Salaries, benefits and related expenses | $1,198 | $1,684 |
| Device warranty | 363 | 474 |
| Other | 218 | 194 |
| Total | $1,779 | $2,352 |
Warranty
Sales of devices generally include an initial warranty for parts and services forone year in the Americas,two years in the EMEA, andone tothree years in the APAC. Warranty costs are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as a component of costs of revenue. The current portion of the device warranty liability is classified as a component of Accrued liabilities, while the long-term portion of the device warranty liability is classified as a component of Other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. A reconciliation of the changes in the device warranty liability for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024* is as follows:
| December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| Balance at beginning of the period | $655 | $566 |
| Additions for estimated future expense | 468 | 730 |
| Incurred costs | (671) | (641) |
| Balance at end of the period | $452 | $655 |
| Current portion | $363 | $474 |
| Long-term portion | 89 | 181 |
| Total | $452 | $655 |
8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
On* December 5, 2022,*the Company acquired the Human Motion Control ("HMC") business unit from Parker Hannifin Corporation ("Parker") (together, the "HMC Acquisition"). The assets acquired from the business unit included intellectual property rights associated with the Ekso Indego Personal, Ekso Indego Therapy, Nomad, and future potential products in the orthotics and prosthetics space.
Goodwill
The Company accounted for the acquisition as a business combination in accordance with ASC805, Business Combinations, by applying the acquisition method, and accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired of $431 was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributed primarily to expected synergies of HMC with the Company.
The Company determinedno impairment existed for goodwill for the years ended* December 31, 2025* and2024.
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Intangible Assets
The following table summarizes the components of gross intangible assets, accumulated amortization, and net carrying values for definite- and indefinite-lived intangible asset balances as of* December 31, 2025* and2024.
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Impairment | Net Carrying Amount | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Impairment | Net Carrying Amount | |
| Developed technology | $2,310 | $(887) | — | $1,423 | $2,310 | $(598) | $— | $1,712 |
| Trade name | 2,310 | N/A | (570) | 1,740 | 2,310 | N/A | — | 2,310 |
| Intellectual property | 460 | (29) | (180) | 251 | 460 | (6) | — | 454 |
| Customer relationships | 140 | (54) | — | 86 | 140 | (36) | — | 104 |
| Total intangible assets | $5,220 | $(970) | $(750) | $3,500 | $5,220 | $(640) | $— | $4,580 |
Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives using the straight-line method, which is estimated aseight years for developed technology,12 years for intellectual property, andeight years for customer relationships. The acquired trade name was estimated to have an indefinite life, and consequently,no amortization expense was recorded.
In thefourth quarter of2025, the Company completed its annual quantitative impairment analysis for its indefinite-lived trade name and finite-lived intangible assets. The quantitative impairment analysis for the Company's trade name asset consists of a comparison of the fair value of the asset to the carrying value of the asset as of the impairment testing date. The Company estimates the fair value of the trade name asset using the relief-from-royalty method, a form of the income approach, which the Company believes is an appropriate and widely used valuation method of such assets in nature. The trade name asset represents the Company's identity and brand recognition associated with the products acquired in the HMC Acquisition. The valuation method is based on the assumption that, in lieu of ownership, a firm would be willing to pay a royalty in order to exploit the related benefits of the asset class. Significant estimates in valuing the Company's trade name asset include, but arenot limited to, the amount and timing of projected future cash flows based on expected future growth rates and margins, discount rate used to determine the present value of these cash flows, and royalty rate for similar brand licenses. The fair value derived from the relief-from-royalty method is measured as the discounted cash flow savings realized from owning such trade names andnot being required to pay a royalty for their use. Based on the impairment test completed, the Company concluded that the carrying value of the trade name asset exceeded its estimated fair value due to downward revisions to the Company's short-term and long-term revenue forecasts, and as a result, recognized a $570 impairment loss for its trade name asset in the period, which reduced the asset balance to $1,740 as of* December 31, 2025.The impairment loss is included as a component of operating expenses, under the caption "Sales and marketing," in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December**31,* 2025.
Based on the impairment tests completed in thefourth quarter of2025 for the Company's finite-lived intangible assets, including its developed technology assets, the Company concluded that the estimated fair value of such assets exceeded its carrying value, and as a result,no impairment loss was recognized in the period.
The Company had a Knee License Agreement with Vanderbilt University ("Vanderbilt") to maintain exclusive rights to patents on the Company's behalf (the "License Agreement"). On* April 16, 2025,the Company executed a Termination Agreement with Vanderbilt of the License Agreement (the "Termination Agreement"). Per the Termination Agreement, the Company isno* longer required to pay 3.75% of net sales for its Swing-Assist Microprocessor-Controlled Knee ("SA-MPK") licensed patent products and a minimum annual royalty of $75 due on or before* July 31, 2028and $100 per year thereafter until February 15, 2041.Under the Termination Agreement, should, to the extent Vanderbilt successfully licenses the rights of the SA-MPK technology to athird*-party, Vanderbilt will pay the Company 50% of Vanderbilt's share of any net revenues attributable to the rights received from such future license agreement until $100 has been paid to the Company. As a result of the overall uncertainty of the future revenues, the Company performed an impairment assessment of the intangible asset as of* March 31, 2025.In estimating the fair value of the asset, the Company utilized the undiscounted cash flow model, dependent on the primary assumption of forecasted revenues from the quoted market price of the Termination Agreement, which led to a $180 impairment loss recognized for the asset in the period, and reduced the asset balance to $0. The impairment loss is included as a component of operating expenses, under the caption "General and administrative," in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December**31,* 2025.
The Company determinedno impairment existed for its definite- and indefinite-lived intangible assets for the year ended* December 31,*2024.
The estimated future amortization expenses related to definite-lived intangible assets as of* December 31, 2025* were as follows:
| Fiscal Year | Amount |
|---|---|
| 2026 | $330 |
| 2027 | 330 |
| 2028 | 330 |
| 2029 | 330 |
| 2030 | 307 |
| Thereafter | 133 |
| Total | $1,760 |
Amortization expense related to the acquired definite-lived intangible assets was $330 and $312 for the years ended* December 31, 2025* and2024, respectively, and was included as a component of operating expenses and cost of revenue in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
9. Notes Payable, net
B. Riley Promissory Note
On* September 12, 2025,the Company entered into a Secured Promissory Note and Security Agreement (the “B. Riley Promissory Note”) with B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC ("B. Riley") as lender. The B. Riley Promissory Note provides for a secured term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $2,000. The Company used the net proceeds from the B. Riley Promissory Note for working capital for operations and other general corporate purposes. The loan matures on the earlier of the receipt of at least $2,400 in net proceeds from the sale of the equity interests of the Company from new equity investors (a “Qualified Financing”) or September 14, 2026 (the “Maturity Date”). Borrowings under the B. Riley Promissory Note bear interest at the rate of 10% per annum, which shall be payable in full on the Maturity Date. On the Maturity Date, the Company shall pay to B. Riley an exit fee in the amount of 10% of the original principal amount of the loan, which shall in the aggregate be $200 (the “Exit Fee”). The Company mayprepay the obligations under the B. Riley Promissory Note at any time in whole or in part. In connection with such prepayment, the Company must pay all accrued but unpaid interest on such portion of the principal prepaid, all interest that would have accrued through the Maturity Date on such principal amount prepaid and the portion of the Exit Fee applicable to such principal amount prepaid. B. Riley may*elect to convert the obligations under the B. Riley Promissory Note, including the principal, interest, and Exit Fee, into equity securities of the Company in connection with a Qualified Financing at the purchase price per share paid by the lead investor thereunder.
The obligations under the B. Riley Promissory Note are required to be guaranteed by Ekso Bionics, Inc., a Delaware corporation and subsidiary of the Company (the "Subsidiary"), and secured by substantially all of the personal property of the Company and the Subsidiary. The B. Riley Promissory Note also contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including negative covenants limiting the ability of the Company and the Subsidiary to, among other things, incur debt, grant liens, dispose of assets, and make certain restricted payments, in each case, subject to limitations and exceptions set forth in the B. Riley Promissory Note. As of* December**31,* 2025, the Company was compliant with all covenants.
The B. Riley Promissory Note contains various customary events of default that include, among others, non-payment of principal, interest or fees, breach of covenants, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, cross defaults to certain other indebtedness, cross default to contractual obligations, occurrence of a material adverse effect, bankruptcy and insolvency events, material judgments, and events constituting a change of control, subject to thresholds and cure periods as set forth in the B. Riley Promissory Note. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, B. Riley* mayaccelerate the Company’s obligations under the B. Riley Promissory Note (including the Exit Fee and all interest that would have been due on the Maturity Date) and may*exercise certain other rights and remedies provided for under the B. Riley Promissory Note, the other loan documents and applicable law. Under certain circumstances, a default interest rate will apply on all obligations during the existence of an event of default under the B. Riley Promissory Note at a per annum rate equal to 5% above the otherwise applicable interest rate.
The Company recorded the B. Riley Promissory Note of $2,000 in its consolidated balance sheets under the caption Convertible promissory note, net.
The Company recognized $76 in debt issuance costs, which were recorded as a discount to the Convertible promissory note.
The following table presents the principal amount, debt discount, and carrying value of the Company's B. Riley Promissory Note as of* December 31, 2025,*which were classified as current:
| Principal | $2,000 |
|---|---|
| Less: unamortized debt premium and Exit Fee | 8 |
| Net carrying amount | $2,008 |
The effective interest rate for the period from the date of issuance through* December 31, 2025was 23.4%. The debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. Since the Exit Fee is mandatory, it was included in the cash flows used to apply the effective interest method and will result in an additional liability of $200 upon loan repayment. The following table sets forth the total interest expense recognized for the year ended December 31, 2025:*
| Year Ended | |
|---|---|
| Contractual interest expense | $60 |
| Accretion of debt discount and Exit Fee | 83 |
| Total interest expense | $143 |
As of* December 31, 2025,*the B. Riley Promissory Note had accrued interest of $60.
The Company evaluated the B. Riley Promissory Note and determined that certain redemption features met the definition of an embedded derivative liability that are required to be bifurcated from the host instrument. However, since the conversion option didnot include a discount on the price per share or have a fixed conversion price, and the full interest and Exit Fee are guaranteed regardless of the timing of the event, the fair value of the compound embedded derivative was determined to haveno value. Therefore,no derivative liability was recorded.
BoC Term Loan
In* August 2020,the Company entered into a loan agreement (the "BoC Loan Agreement") with Pacific Western Bank, which merged with the Banc of California (the "Lender") in2024.* The Company received a loan in the principal amount of $2,000 (the "BoC Term Loan") that bore interest on the outstanding daily balance at a rate equal to the greater of: (a)0.50% above the variable rate of interest announced by the Lender as its “prime rate” then in effect; or (b)4.50%. The BoC Loan Agreement created afirst priority security interest with respect to substantially all assets of the Company, including proceeds of intellectual property, but expressly excluding intellectual property itself.
The Company was required to pay accrued interest on the current loan on the13th day of each month through and including* August 13, 2023,at which time the unpaid principal and accrued and unpaid interest was due and payable in full. On August 17, 2023,the Company entered into an amendment to the BoC Loan Agreement, extending the maturity date to August 13, 2026with interest-only payments until such date, having daily borrowings bearing interest at a variable annual rate equal to the greater of the Lender's "prime rate" then in effect and 4.50%, and caused the Company to maintain all of its depository, operating, and investment accounts with the Lender. The Company determined this amendment constituted a loan modification under ASC470,* and used the updated imputed interest rate to recalculate debt discounts, debt issuance costs and final payment to be amortized over the new term.
On* September 12, 2025,in connection with the entry into the B. Riley Promissory Note, the Company paid off all obligations under and terminated the BoC Loan Agreement. The BoC Loan Agreement contained a liquidity covenant, which required that the Company maintain cash in accounts of the Lender or subject to control agreements in favor of the Lender in an amount equal to at least the outstanding balance of the BoC Term Loan, which was $2,000. It also contained a primary depository covenant, which restricted the Company from having more than $1,000 held in subsidiary bank accounts outside of the United States. As of September 12, 2025,*these covenants were terminated.
55
The debt issuance costs and debt discounts combined with the stated interest resulted in an effective interest rate of 7.21% and 8.55% for the years ended* December 31, 2025* and2024, respectively. The debt issuance costs and debt discounts were amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. Interest expense for the BoC Term Loan totaled $108 and $171 for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*, respectively.
Parker Hannifin Promissory Note
In connection with the HMC Acquisition, on* December 5, 2022,the Company delivered a $5,000 unsecured, subordinated promissory note (the "Parker Hannifin Promissory Note") to Parker. The Parker Hannifin Promissory Note, which is subordinate to the B. Riley Promissory Note, bearsno interest with principal payable insixteen equal installments due on the last day of each quarter, which commenced on December 31, 2023and matures on September 30, 2027.*
The Parker Hannifin Promissory Note, upon the occurrence of an event of default, allows for the levying of interest equal to the lesser of (a)5% per annum and (b) the maximum interest rate permitted under applicable law on the then entire outstanding principal balance, and also for the acceleration of all outstanding liabilities and obligations, making them immediately payable. Under the terms of the Parker Hannifin Promissory Note, the following occurrences constitute a default, and could, upon written notice or declaration by Parker, allow for the levying of interest and or the acceleration of principal outstanding: (i) failure to pay any amount of the principal when due and payable, (ii) the dissolution of the Company (including the declaration of bankruptcy), and (iii) the acquisition of the Company by another entity or the sale of substantially all of its assets to another entity.
The Company recorded the Parker Hannifin Promissory Note of $4,055 in its consolidated balance sheets under the captions Notes payable, current and Notes payable, net, estimating an implicit discount rate of 7.5% via reference to the interest charged on the Company's BoC Term Loan and other relevant economic factors present at the execution date of the Parker Hannifin Promissory Note. The amortization of debt discounts resulted in an effective interest rate of 7.93% and 7.79% for the years ended* December 31, 2025* and2024, respectively. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. Interest expense on the Parker Hannifin Promissory Note was $190 and $271 for the years ended* December 31, 2025* and2024, respectively.
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The following table presents scheduled principal payments of the Parker Hannifin Promissory Note as of* December 31, 2025*:
| Period | Amount |
|---|---|
| 2026 | $1,250 |
| 2027 | 937 |
| Total principal payments | 2,187 |
| Less debt discount | (139) |
| Note payable, net | $2,048 |
| Current portion | 1,250 |
| Long-term portion | 798 |
| Note payable, net | $2,048 |
10. Lease Obligations
The Company's operating lease agreement for its headquarters and manufacturing facility in San Rafael, California (the "San Rafael Lease") commenced in* July 2022and expires in November**2026,* and it provides the Company with the option to renew for an additional three-year period at the prevailing market rate at the time of extension.
The San Rafael Lease constitutes an operating lease under ASC842, and the Company estimates the lease term as* July 2022through November**2026.* The option to extend for athree-year period lacks significant economic incentives and disincentives, which would make exercise reasonably certain. Fixed lease payments for identified lease components over the identified term have been discounted at the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate as of the date of contract execution and are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets under the captions Lease liabilities, current and Lease liabilities, and the corresponding right of use asset is reflected in the consolidated balance sheets under the caption Right-of-use assets. Non-lease components, such as common area maintenance costs, are excluded from the lease liability calculation and expensed as incurred. The Company records a straight-line monthly rent expense for the San Rafael Lease equal to the sum of all fixed lease payments divided by the number of months in the lease term.
The Company's operating lease agreement for its service facility in Brecksville, Ohio (the "Ohio Lease") commenced in* June 2024and expires in July 2027,and it provides the Company with the option to renew for an additional three-year period at the prevailing market rate at the time of extension. In July 2024,*the Company relocated from its Macedonia, Ohio facility to the new Brecksville, Ohio facility.
The Company has determined that the Ohio Lease constitutes an operating lease under ASC842 and estimates the lease term as* July 2024through July 2027.The option to extend for athree*-year period lacks significant economic incentives and disincentives, which would make exercise reasonably certain. Fixed lease payments for identified lease components over the identified term were discounted at the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate as of the date of contract execution and are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets under the captions Lease liabilities, current and Lease liabilities, and the corresponding right of use asset is reflected in the consolidated balance sheets under the caption Right-of-use assets. Non-lease components, such as operating costs, are excluded from the lease liability calculation and expensed as incurred. The Company records a straight-line monthly rent expense for the Ohio Lease equal to the sum of all fixed lease payments divided by the number of months in the lease term.
In* March 2025,the Company entered into an operating lease agreement for its new distribution and service facility in Ratingen, Germany (the "Ratingen Lease"), which commenced in May 2025and expires in April 2030.In May 2025,*the Company moved its administrative office from Hamburg, Germany, which serves EMEA, to this new facility.
The Ratingen Lease constitutes a lease under ASC842, and the Company estimates the lease term as* May 2025through April 2030.*Fixed lease payments for identified lease components over the identified term were discounted at the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate and are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets under the captions Lease liabilities, current and Lease liabilities, and the corresponding right of use asset is reflected in the consolidated balance sheets under the caption Right-of-use assets. Non-lease components, such as common area maintenance costs, are excluded from the lease liability calculation and expensed as incurred. The Company records a straight-line monthly rent expense for this lease equal to the sum of all fixed lease payments divided by the number of months in the lease term.
The Company's operating lease agreement for the former office in Hamburg, Germany (the "Hamburg Lease") commenced in* May2022* and expired in* June2025.*
The Hamburg Lease constituted a lease under ASC842, and the Company estimated the lease term as* May 2022through June 2025.*Fixed lease payments for identified lease components over the identified term were discounted at the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate and are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets under the captions Lease liabilities, current and Lease liabilities, and the corresponding right of use asset is reflected in the consolidated balance sheets under the caption Right-of-use assets. Non-lease components, such as common area maintenance costs, were excluded from the lease liability calculation and expensed as incurred. The Company recorded a straight-line monthly rent expense for this lease equal to the sum of all fixed lease payments divided by the number of months in the lease term.
57
The Company’s future lease payments as of* December 31, 2025*, which are presented as Lease liabilities, current and Lease liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, are as follows:
| Operating | |
|---|---|
| Period | Leases |
| 2026 | $467 |
| 2027 | 78 |
| 2028 | 37 |
| 2029 | 37 |
| 2030 | 11 |
| Total lease payments | 630 |
| Less: imputed interest | (42) |
| Present value of lease liabilities | $588 |
| Lease liabilities, current | $441 |
| Lease liabilities | 147 |
| Total lease liabilities | $588 |
| Weighted-average remaining term (in years) | 1.8 |
| Weighted-average discount rate | 8.3% |
Lease expense under the Company’s operating leases was $611 and $588, for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*, respectively.
11. Employee Benefit Plan
The Company administers a401(k) retirement plan (the*"401*(k) Plan"), in which all employees are eligible to participate. Each eligible employee* mayelect to contribute to the401*(k) Plan. The Company made matching contributions in the form of shares of the Company's common stock to the401(k) Plan in an amount equal to 50% of employee contributions (up to the statutory limit), subsequent to year-end. During the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024,* the Company issued37 and11 shares of common stock with a fair value of $236 and $237, respectively, to eligible employees’ deferral accounts for the401(k) Plan matching contribution, representing 50% of each eligible employee’s elected deferral (up to the statutory limit) for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024.* The expense for the401(k) Plan share matching was $151 and $257 for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*, respectively.
12. Capitalization and Equity Structure
Reverse Stock Split
Before the opening of the stock market on* June 2, 2025,the Company effected a1*-for-15 reverse split of its common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). As a result, all common stock share amounts included in this filing have been retroactively reduced by a factor of fifteen, rounded up to the nearest whole share, and all common stock per share amounts have been increased by a factor of fifteen, with the exception of the Company's common stock par value and the Company's authorized shares. Amounts affected include common stock outstanding, restricted stock units, common stock underlying stock options, and warrants.
As previously disclosed, on* December 12, 2024,the Company received a written notice from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications staff of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) informing the Company that because the minimum bid price for the Company’s common stock listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market was below$1.00* per share over the previous30 consecutive business days, the Company didnot meet the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule5550(a)(2) (the "Minimum Bid Price Requirement"). The Reverse Stock Split was effected in order to raise the per share trading price of the Company's common stock above*$1.00* and regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. On* June 13, 2025,*the Company regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.
Summary
The Company’s authorized capital stock as of* December 31, 2025* consisted of 141,429 shares of common stock and 10,000 shares of preferred stock. As of* December 31, 2025* and2024, there were 3,559 and 1,480 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively, andno shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
The holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of assets or funds legally available for the payment of dividends at such times and in such amounts as the Board of Directors* maydetermine. Holders of common stock are entitled toone* vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. There isno cumulative voting for the election of directors. The common stock isnot entitled to preemptive rights and isnot subject to conversion or redemption. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the assets legally available for distribution to stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of the common stock after payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding payment of other claims of creditors. Each outstanding share of common stock is duly and validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.
**** October 2025Offering**
On* October 30, 2025,the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 769 shares of its common stock in a registered direct offering (the “October 2025Offering”) at an offering price of $4.81 per share. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $3,231 in the October 2025Offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and offering expenses paid by the Company. The Company used the net proceeds from the October 2025*Offering for general corporate purposes, which included research and development activities, selling, general and administrative costs, pursuing strategic initiatives, and meeting its other working capital needs.
On* October 30, 2025,in connection with the October 2025Offering, the Company issued to Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC a warrant (the “October 2025*Placement Agent Warrant”) to purchase up to 15 shares of the Company's common stock, at an exercise price equal to $4.81 per share.
**** March 2025Inducement Warrant Transaction**
On* March 17, 2025,the Company entered into a warrant inducement agreement (the “Inducement Agreement”) with an existing holder (the “Investor”) ofone* of the Company’s Series A common stock purchase warrants andone of the Company's Series B common stock purchase warrants (collectively, the “Existing Investor Warrants”) that the Company issued as part of the* September 2024Offering (as defined below), pursuant to which, among other things, the Investor exercised for cash its Existing Investor Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 653 shares (the “Existing Investor Warrant Shares”) of common stock at a reduced exercise price of $6.36 per share (the “Inducement Exercise”). In consideration for exercising the Existing Investor Warrants, the Company issued to the Investor a new common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 700 shares of common stock (such warrant, the “Inducement Warrant” and such shares of common stock issuable upon exercise thereof, the “Inducement Warrant Shares”) (collectively, the "March 2025Inducement Warrant"). The Inducement Warrant became exercisable on May 16, 2025,the date the Company received approval from the Company’s stockholders (the “Stockholder Approval Date”) in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Capital Market, and maybe exercised following such date through May 16, 2030,at an exercise price of $6.36 per share. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $3,853 from the March 2025Inducement Warrant, after deducting the transaction expenses paid by the Company. The Company used the net proceeds from the March 2025*Inducement Warrant for general corporate purposes, which included growth and expansion of the Company's Personal Health products as the Company worked to increase its revenue following the establishment of Medicare CMS reimbursement of the Ekso Indego Personal device, research and development activities, selling, general and administrative costs, pursuing strategic initiatives, and meeting its other working capital needs.
**** September 2024Offering**
On* August 29, 2024,the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC as underwriter (the "Underwriter") pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, in a firm commitment underwritten public offering (the "September 2024Offering"),207 shares of common stock, a Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase 193 shares of common stock (the "Pre-Funded Warrant"), Series A Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 400 shares of common stock (the "Series A Warrants"), and Series B Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 400 shares of common stock (the "Series B Warrants"). The September 2024Offering closed on September 3, 2024.The Company received net proceeds of approximately $5,003 in the September 2024*Offering, after deducting the underwriting discount and commissions and offering expenses paid by the Company.
**** January 2024Offering**
On* January 10, 2024,the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional investors to sell an aggregate of 198 shares of the Company’s common stock in a registered direct offering (the “January 2024Offering”) at an offering price of $23.25 per share. The net proceeds of the January 2024*Offering were approximately $3,932 after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses paid by the Company.
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At the Market Offering
In* October 2020,the Company entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the "ATM Agreement") with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the "Agent"), under which the Company mayissue and sell shares of its common stock, from time to time, to or through the Agent. Offers and sales of shares of common stock by the Company through the Agent maybe made by any method deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined under SEC Rule415* or in privately negotiated transactions, subject to certain conditions. Such shares* maybe offered pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-3 (FileNo.* 333-272607) (the “Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on* June 20, 2023,and a related prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on July 28, 2023 (the “ATM Prospectus”). Pursuant to the Registration Statement and the ATM Prospectus, shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $5,000 * maybe offered and sold, subject to certain SEC rules limiting the amount of shares of the Company’s common stock that* maybe sold by the Company under the Registration Statement. During the year ended December 31, 2025*, the Company sold 238 shares of common stock under the ATM Agreement at an average price of $4.34, for aggregate proceeds of $867, net of commission and issuance costs. On* October 28, 2025,the Company terminated the ATM Prospectus. As a result, the Company expensed deferred issuance costs of $125 related to the ATM Agreement during the year ended December 31, 2025.During the year ended December 31, 2024,*the Company sold 7 shares of common stock under the ATM Agreement at an average price of $21.41, for aggregate proceeds of $85, net of commission and issuance costs.
Preferred Stock
The Company* mayissue shares of preferred stock from time to time inone* or more series, each of which will have such distinctive designation or title as shall be determined by its Board of Directors and will have such voting powers, full or limited, orno voting powers, and such preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated in such resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such class or series of preferred stock as* may*be adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Warrants
Warrants outstanding as of* December 31, 2025* and2024 were as follows:
| Exercise · Remaining term | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Price | (Years) | December 31, 2024 | Issued | Expired | Exercised | December 31, 2025 |
| Oct 2025 Placement Agent Warrant | $4.81 | 4.8 | — | 15 | — | — | 15 |
| Inducement Warrant * | $6.36 | 4.2 | — | 700 | — | — | 700 |
| Pre-Funded Warrant | $— | — | 171 | — | — | (171) | — |
| Series A Warrants | $15.00 | 3.7 | 400 | — | — | (327) | 73 |
| Series B Warrants | $15.00 | — | 400 | — | (73) | (327) | — |
| 2021 Warrants | $192.19 | 0.1 | 18 | — | — | — | 18 |
| June 2020 Investor Warrants | $77.70 | — | 9 | — | (9) | — | — |
| June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants | $84.65 | — | 3 | — | (3) | — | — |
| December 2019 Warrants | $121.50 | — | 37 | — | (37) | — | — |
| 1,038 | 715 | (122) | (825) | 806 | |||
() The Inducement Warrant became exercisable upon the Stockholder Approval Date and maybe exercised following such date through May 16, 2030.*
825 warrants were exercised during the year ended* December 31, 2025*, compared to 22 warrants exercised during the same period of2024. The weighted average exercise price of the warrants outstanding as of* December 31, 2025* was $11.31.
**** October2025* Warrants*
In* October 2025,the Company issued the October 2025Placement Agent Warrant, exercisable for up to 15 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $4.81 per share. The October 2025Placement Agent Warrant was exercisable immediately and expire on October 30, 2030.*
The* October 2025Placement Agent Warrant maybe exercised, at the holder's discretion, by (i) payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise or (ii) if there isnot* an effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein isnot available for the issuance of, the underlying common stock, a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the* October 2025Placement Agent Warrant. However, a holder willnot* be entitled to exercise any portion of the* October 2025Placement Agent Warrant if the holder's ownership of the Company's common stock would exceed 4.99% (the "Beneficial Ownership Limitation"). The holder, upon notice to the Company, mayincrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99%, which increase shallnot* be effective until the61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.
In the event the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the* October 2025Placement Agent Warrant, the holder of the October 2025Placement Agent Warrant will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of these warrants, the kind of amounts of securities, cash, or other property that the holder would have received had they exercised these warrants immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction without regard to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation contained in the October 2025*Placement Agent Warrant.
The* October 2025Placement Agent Warrant is classified as a component of stockholders’ equity within additional paid-in capital and was recorded at the October 2025Offering issuance date. The October 2025Placement Agent Warrant is equity classified because it (i) is a freestanding financial instrument that is legally detachable and separately exercisable from the equity instruments, (ii) is immediately exercisable, (iii) doesnot* embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, (iv) permits the holder to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise, (v) is indexed to the Company’s common stock, and (vi) meets the equity classification criteria. In addition, such* October 2025Placement Agent Warrant doesnot* provide any guarantee of value or return.
**** March 2025Inducement Warrant**
In* March 2025,the Company issued the Inducement Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 700 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $6.36 per share. The Inducement Warrant became exercisable upon the Stockholder Approval Date and maybe exercised following such date through May 16, 2030.*
The Inducement Warrant* maybe exercised, at the holder’s discretion, by (i) payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise or (ii) if there isnot* an effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein isnot available for the issuance of, the underlying common stock, a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Inducement Warrant. However, a holder willnot be entitled to exercise any portion of the Inducement Warrant if the holder’s ownership of the Company’s common stock would exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The holder, upon notice to the Company,* mayincrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99%, which increase shallnot* be effective until the61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.
In the event the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the Inducement Warrant, the holder will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the Inducement Warrant, the kind of amounts of securities, cash, or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised these warrants immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction without regard to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation contained in the Inducement Warrant. In addition, upon a Fundamental Transaction, subject to certain limitations and exceptions, the holder of the Inducement Warrant* mayput the Inducement Warrant back to the Company for an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of the Inducement Warrant, however, if such Fundamental Transaction isnot* considered within control of the Company, andnot approved by the Company's Board of Directors, then the holder of the Inducement Warrant wouldnot be able to put the Inducement Warrant back to the Company for cash.
The Inducement Warrant is classified as a component of stockholders’ equity within additional paid-in capital and was recorded at the* March 2025Inducement Warrant issuance date. The Inducement Warrant is equity classified because it (i) is a freestanding financial instrument that is legally detachable and separately exercisable from the equity instruments, (ii) is immediately exercisable upon stockholder approval, (iii) doesnot* embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, (iv) permits the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise, (v) is indexed to the Company’s common stock, and (vi) meets the equity classification criteria. In addition, the Inducement Warrant doesnot provide any guarantee of value or return.
**** September 2024Warrants**
In* September 2024,the Company issued the Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase 193 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $0.001 per share, for $2,897 in aggregate cash proceeds, which represents the September 2024Offering price for the Company's common stock of $15.00, less the per share exercise price. The Pre-Funded Warrant was fully exercised as of March 31, 2025.*
In* September 2024,the Company issued the Series A Warrants, which were exercisable for an aggregate of up to 400 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per share. The Series A Warrants were exercisable immediately and expire on September 4, 2029.*
In* September 2024,the Company issued the Series B Warrants, which are exercisable for an aggregate of up to 400 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per share. The Series B Warrants were exercisable immediately and expired on September 3, 2025.*
The Series A Warrants* maybe exercised, at the holder’s discretion, by (i) payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise or (ii) if there isnot* an effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein isnot available for the issuance of, the underlying common stock, a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Series A Warrant. However, a holder willnot be entitled to exercise any portion of the Series A Warrants if the holder’s ownership of the Company’s common stock would exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The holder, upon notice to the Company,* mayincrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99%, which increase shallnot* be effective until the61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.
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In the event the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the Series A Warrant, the holders of the Series A Warrants will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of these warrants, the kind of amounts of securities, cash, or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised these warrants immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction without regard to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation contained in the Series A Warrant. In addition, upon a Fundamental Transaction, subject to certain limitations and exceptions, the holder of the Series A Warrant* mayput the warrant back to the Company for an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of the Series A Warrant, however, if such Fundamental Transaction isnot* considered within control of the Company, andnot approved by the Company's Board of Directors, then the holder of the Series A Warrant wouldnot be able to put the Series A Warrant back to the Company for cash.
The Series A Warrants are, and the Series B Warrants were, classified as a component of stockholders’ equity within additional paid-in capital and were recorded at the* September 2024Public Offering issuance date. The Series A Warrants are, and the Series B Warrants were, equity classified because they (i) are freestanding financial instruments that were legally detachable and separately exercisable from the equity instruments, (ii) are immediately exercisable, (iii) donot* embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, (iv) permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise, (v) are indexed to the Company’s common stock, and (vi) meet the equity classification criteria. In addition, such Series A Warrants donot provide any guarantee of value or return.
2021 Warrants
In* February 2021,the Company issued warrants (the"2021* Warrants"), exercisable for up to 18 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $192.19 per share. The2021 Warrants were exercisable immediately and expire on* February 11, 2026.The2021* Warrants* maybe exercised, at the holder’s discretion, by (i) payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise or (ii) if there isnot* an effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein isnot available for the issuance of, the underlying common stock, a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the2021 Warrant. However, a holder willnot be entitled to exercise any portion of the2021 Warrants if the holder’s ownership of the Company’s common stock would exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The holder, upon notice to the Company,* mayincrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99%, which increase shallnot* be effective until the61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.
The2021 Warrants will be automatically exercised on a cashless basis on their expiration date. The2021 Warrants also contain a put option, under which, if the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the2021 Warrants, the Company or any successor entity will, at the option of a holder of a2021 Warrant, exercisable concurrently with or at any time within30 days after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, purchase such holder’s2021 Warrant by paying to such holder an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of such holder’s2021 Warrant withinfive trading days after the notice of exercise by the holder of the put option. Because of this put-option provision, the2021 Warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.
The warrant liability related to the2021 Warrants is measured at fair value upon issuance and at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the2021 Warrants:
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Current share price | $8.64 | $9.15 |
| Conversion price | $192.19 | $192.19 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.73% | 3.94% |
| Expected term (years) | 0.11 | 1.11 |
| Volatility of stock | 211.0% | 106.7% |
**** June 2020Investor Warrants**
In* June 2020,the Company issued warrants (the "June 2020Investor Warrants"), exercisable for up to 58 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $77.70 per share. The June 2020Investor Warrants were immediately exercisable and expired on December 10, 2025.*
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The warrant liability related to the* June 2020Investor Warrants was measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level3* of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the* June 2020*Investor Warrants:
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Current share price | N/A | $9.15 |
| Conversion price | N/A | $77.70 |
| Risk-free interest rate | N/A | 4.03% |
| Expected term (years) | N/A | 0.94 |
| Volatility of stock | N/A | 89.7% |
**** June 2020Placement Agent Warrants**
In* June 2020,the Company issued warrants (the "June 2020Placement Agent Warrants"), exercisable for up to 8 shares of the Company’s common stock, to the placement agent for such offering. The June 2020Placement Agent Warrants had substantially the same form as the June 2020Investor Warrants, including the put option described above, except that they had an exercise price per share equal to $84.65, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and expired on June 7, 2025.*
The warrant liability related to the* June 2020Placement Agent Warrants was measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level3* of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the* June 2020*Placement Agent Warrants:
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Current share price | N/A | $9.15 |
| Conversion price | N/A | $84.65 |
| Risk-free interest rate | N/A | 4.47% |
| Expected term (years) | N/A | 0.44 |
| Volatility of stock | N/A | 89.7% |
**** December 2019Warrants**
In* December 2019,pursuant to a securities purchase agreement (the "December 2019Offering"), the Company issued warrants (the "December 2019Warrants") to purchase 37 shares of common stock. The December 2019Warrants had an exercise price of $121.50 per share and expired on June 21, 2025.*
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The warrant liability related to the* December 2019Warrants was measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level3* of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the* December 2019*Warrants:
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Current share price | N/A | $9.15 |
| Conversion price | N/A | $121.50 |
| Risk-free interest rate | N/A | 4.43% |
| Expected term (years) | N/A | 0.46 |
| Volatility of stock | N/A | 89.3% |
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13. Stock-based Compensation
2014 Equity Incentive Plan
In2014, the Board of Directors and a majority of the stockholders adopted the Company's Amended and Restated2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the*"2014* Plan"), which expired on* January 31, 2024.Following such expiration and prior to the2024* Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Annual Meeting"),no grants were made under the2014 Plan. On* June 6, 2024,the Company held its Annual Meeting, whereby the Board of Directors and a majority of the stockholders adopted, amended, and restated the2014* Plan (the "Restated2014 Plan") to extend the term of the2014 Plan until* April 15, 2034,and to increase the total number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance by 67 shares relative to the amount available for issuance at the time the2014* Plan expired. As of* December 31, 2025*, the total number of shares authorized for grant under the Restated2014 Plan is shown in the table below:
| Original share pool | 9 |
|---|---|
| 2015 increase | 7 |
| 2017 increase | 4 |
| December 2017 increase (ratified in June 2018) | 20 |
| 2019 increase | 16 |
| March 2020 increase | 22 |
| December 2020 increase | 53 |
| 2022 increase | 37 |
| 2023 increase | 80 |
| 2024 increase | 67 |
| 2025 increase | 153 |
| Total shares authorized for grant as of December 31, 2025 | 468 |
Under the terms of the Restated2014 Plan, the Board of Directors* mayaward restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options, stock appreciation rights and dividend equivalent rights having either a fixed or variable price related to the fair market value of the shares and with an exercise or conversion privilege related to the passage of time, the occurrence ofone* or more events, or the satisfaction of performance criteria or other conditions or any other security with the value derived from the value of the shares.
Shares available for future grant as of* December 31, 2025under the Restated2014* Plan was as follows:
| Shares Available | |
|---|---|
| For Grant | |
| Available as of December 31, 2024 | 47 |
| Share pool increase | 153 |
| Granted | (207) |
| Forfeited | 6 |
| Expired | 1 |
| Available as of December 31, 2025 | — |
Restricted Stock Units
The Company issues time-based RSUs and PSUs to employees and non-employees. Each RSU and PSU represents the right to receiveone share of the Company’s common stock upon vesting and subsequent settlement. PSUs vest upon achievement of performance targets based on the Company's annual operating plan. The fair values of RSUs and PSUs are determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
Combined RSU and PSU activity for the year ended* December 31, 2025* is summarized below:
| Weighted | ||
|---|---|---|
| Number of | Average Grant- | |
| Shares | Date Fair Value | |
| Unvested as of December 31, 2024 | 68 | $18.27 |
| Granted | 207 | $5.36 |
| Vested | (183) | $9.13 |
| Forfeited | (6) | $9.88 |
| Unvested as of December 31, 2025 | 86 | $7.22 |
The total grant-date fair value of RSUs and PSUs that vested during the year ended* December 31, 2025* was $1,002. As of* December 31, 2025*, $286 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs and PSUs was expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.07 years.
Stock Options
The Board of Directors* maygrant stock options under the2014* Plan at a price ofnot less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option is granted. The maximum term of an incentive stock option granted to participants* may**not* exceedten years. Subject to the limitations discussed above, the Board of Directors determines the term and exercise or purchase price of other awards granted under the Restated2014 Plan. The Board of Directors also determines the terms and conditions of awards, including the vesting schedule and any forfeiture provisions. Options granted under the Restated2014 Plan vest upon the passage of time, generally four years, or upon the attainment of certain performance criteria established by the Board of Directors. The Company* may*grant options to purchase common stock to non-employees for advisory and consulting services. Upon exercise of a stock option, the Company issues new shares of common stock.
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A summary of the stock option activity during the year ended* December 31, 2025* is presented below:
| Weighted | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted · Average | ||||
| Average · Remaining · Aggregate | ||||
| Options | Exercise | Contractual | Intrinsic | |
| Outstanding | Price | Life (Years) | Value | |
| Outstanding at beginning of year | 12 | $471.74 | ||
| Forfeited | — | $— | ||
| Expired | (1) | $1,796.39 | ||
| Outstanding at end of year | 11 | $344.11 | 2.46 | $— |
| Vested and expected to vest | 11 | $344.11 | 2.46 | $— |
| Exercisable at year end | 11 | $344.00 | 2.46 | $— |
No stock options were exercised during the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*.
Asno stock options were granted during the years ended* December 31, 2025* and2024, there wasno related weighted-average grant date fair value. The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024* was $0.
As of* December 31, 2025*, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options was $0.
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of* December 31, 2025*:
| Options Outstanding · Options Exercisable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted-Average | |||||
| Range of · Remaining · Weighted · Weighted | |||||
| Exercise | Number of | Contractual Life | Average | Number of | Average |
| Prices | Options | (Years) | Price | Options | Price |
| $85.50 - $85.50 | 3 | 4.04 | 85.50 | 3 | 85.50 |
| $137.25 - $395.85 | 4 | 2.94 | $250.36 | 4 | $250.18 |
| $402.75 - $812.25 | 3 | 2.32 | $475.43 | 3 | $475.67 |
| $900.00 - $2,945.25 | 1 | 0.58 | $1,100.94 | 1 | $1,100.94 |
| 11 | 2.86 | $344.11 | 11 | $344.00 | |
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Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation is included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in general and administrative, research and development, or sales and marketing expenses, depending on the nature of services provided. Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs and PSUs was recorded as follows:
| Years Ended December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| Sales and marketing | $76 | $98 |
| Research and development | 47 | 220 |
| General and administrative | 1,351 | 1,055 |
| $1,474 | $1,373 | |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). Under the ESPP, the Company has 2 shares of common stock reserved for issuance, subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend, combination, reclassification or similar event. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 25% of their eligible compensation, subject to any plan limitations. The ESPP provides forsix-month offering periods. At the end of each offering period, employees can purchase shares at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on thefirst trading day of the offering period or on the last trading day of the offering period. As of* December 31, 2025*, the Company hadnot initiated employee enrollment to the plan.
14. Income Taxes
The domestic and foreign components of pre-tax loss for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024* were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| Domestic | $(11,400) | $(11,576) |
| Foreign | (295) | 246 |
| Loss before income taxes | $(11,695) | $(11,330) |
The Company hadno current or deferred federal and state income tax expense or benefit for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024* because the Company generated net operating losses, and currently management doesnot believe it is more likely thannot that the net operating losses will be realized. The Company’s non-U.S. tax obligation is primarily for business activities conducted through Germany and Singapore for which taxes were included in other expenses, net for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*, and determined to be immaterial, and accordingly, such amounts were excluded from the following tables.
For the year ended* December 31, 2025,the Company adopted ASU2023*-09 prospectively. Refer to Note.2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates — Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in2025** for additional information regarding the adoption of ASU2023-09. A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company's effective tax rate pursuant to the disclosure requirements of ASU2023-09 for the year ended* December 31, 2025,*is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| U.S. federal statutory income tax rate | $(2,456) | 21.0% |
| State tax, net of federal tax effect | — | — |
| Foreign tax effects: | ||
| Changes in valuation allowances (Germany) | 553 | (4.7) |
| Changes in valuation allowances (Other Foreign Jurisdictions) | (22) | 0.2 |
| Prior year true-ups (Germany) | (293) | 2.5 |
| Other | (47) | 0.4 |
| Change in valuation allowance | 2,194 | (18.8) |
| Imputed interest income | 154 | (1.3) |
| Unrealized gain | (394) | 3.4 |
| Stock-based compensation | 427 | (3.7) |
| Prior year true-ups | (157) | 1.3 |
| Other | 41 | (0.3) |
| Total tax expense (benefit) | $— | —% |
Income tax expense (benefit) for the year ended* December 31, 2024*differed from the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% to pretax loss as a result of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, | |
|---|---|
| Federal tax at statutory rate | 21.0% |
| State tax, net of federal tax effect | — |
| Research and development credit | (0.1) |
| Change in valuation allowance | (13.5) |
| Unrealized gain on warrant | 0.7 |
| Stock-based compensation | (4.7) |
| Other | (2.8) |
| Foreign | (0.6) |
| Total tax expense (benefit) | —% |
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The tax effects of temporary differences and related deferred tax assets and liabilities as of* December 31, 2025and2024* were as follows:
| December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| Deferred tax assets: | ||
| Depreciation and other | $297 | $119 |
| Net operating loss carryforwards | 57,646 | 54,001 |
| Research and development tax credits | 2,210 | 2,210 |
| Accruals and reserves | 245 | 235 |
| Capitalized research and development costs | 1,360 | 1,817 |
| Deferred revenue | 431 | 400 |
| Stock compensation expense | 648 | 1,028 |
| Lease assets | 82 | 154 |
| Other | 41 | 48 |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||
| Lease liabilities | (70) | (133) |
| Prepaid expenses | (45) | (54) |
| Less: Valuation allowance | (62,845) | (59,825) |
| Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $— | $— |
The Company’s accounting for deferred taxes involves the evaluation of a number of factors concerning the realizability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets. The Company primarily considered such factors as the Company’s history of operating losses, the nature of the Company’s deferred tax assets, and the timing, likelihood and amount, if any, of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences and carryforwards become deductible. The Company doesnot believe that it is more likely thannot that the deferred tax assets will be realized; accordingly, a full valuation allowance was established andno deferred tax assets were shown in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The valuation allowance increased by $3,020 and $1,556 in the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*, respectively.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of2017 ("TCJA") made a significant change to Section174 that went into effect for taxable years beginning after* December 31, 2021.The change eliminated the ability to currently deduct research and development costs. Instead, these costs must be capitalized and amortized. As a result, the Company capitalized research and development costs of $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.Following the enactment of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”), the mandatory capitalization requirements under Section174* were repealed, restoring the ability to currently deduct research and development expenditures in the period incurred. Consequently, the Company didnot capitalize any domestic research and development costs for the year ended* December 31, 2025.*
As of* December 31, 2025,the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $217,045. The federal net operating loss carryforwards of $120,792 generated before January 1, 2018will begin to expire in2027,* and $96,253 will carryforward indefinitely but are subject to the80% taxable income limitation. The Company also had federal research and development tax credit carryforwards of $2,353 that will expire beginning in2031, ifnot utilized.
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As of* December 31, 2025,the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of $135,484, which will begin to expire in2026.* The Company also had state research and development tax credit carryforwards of $752, which haveno expiration.
As of* December 31, 2025,the Company had foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $13,328. The foreign net operating loss carryforwards donot* expire.
Utilization of the Company’s net operating losses and credit carryforwards* maybe subject to annual limitations in the event of a Section382* ownership change. Such future limitations could result in the expiration of net operating losses and credit carryforwards before utilization as a result of such an ownership change.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended* December 31, 2025and2024*, were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| Beginning balances as of January 1, 2025 and 2024 | $1,836 | $1,894 |
| (Decrease) of unrecognized tax benefits taken in prior years | (43) | (58) |
| Ending balances as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 | $1,793 | $1,836 |
If the Company is able to recognize these uncertain tax positions, the unrecognized tax benefits wouldnot impact the effective tax rate if the Company applies a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets, as provided in the Company’s current policy.
The Company hadnot incurred any material tax interest or penalties as of* December 31, 2025.The Company doesnot* anticipate any significant change within12 months of this reporting date of its uncertain tax positions. The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various state jurisdictions, Germany, and Singapore. There areno ongoing examinations by taxing authorities at this time. The Company’s tax years 2007 through2025 will remain open for examination by the federal and state authorities forthree andfour years, respectively, from the date of utilization of any net operating loss credits. The Company’s 2020 to2025 tax years will remain open for examination by the German tax authority forfour years from the end of the year in which the applicable return was filed. The Company’s2021 to2025 tax years will remain open for examination by the Singapore tax authority forfour years from the date of the applicable assessment.
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments*** ***
Material Contracts
The Company hastwo license agreements with the Regents of the University of California to maintain exclusive rights to certain patents. The Company is required to pay 1% of net sales of licensed medical devices sold to entities other than the U.S. government. In addition, the Company is required to pay 21% of consideration collected from any sub-licensee for the grant of the sub-license.
The Company hasone license agreement with Vanderbilt University to maintain exclusive rights to patents on the Company's behalf. Under the Vanderbilt Exoskeleton License Agreement, the Company is required to pay 6% of net sales of licensed patent products and 3% of net sales of licensed software products. The minimum annual royalty for licensed products is $250. The Vanderbilt Exoskeleton License Agreement will continue until* April 29, 2038,*unless sooner terminated.
Purchase Obligations
The Company purchases components from a variety of suppliers and uses contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for its products. Purchase obligations are defined as agreements that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction.
The Company had purchase obligations primarily for purchases of inventory and manufacturing related service contracts totaling $874 as of* December 31, 2025*, which are expected to be paid withinone year, and $1,263 as of* December 31,2024. Timing of payments and actual amounts paid may*be different depending on the time of receipt of goods or services or changes to agreed-upon amounts for some obligations.
The Company has operating lease commitments totaling $630 payable over the lease terms of the San Rafael Lease, the Ohio Lease and the Ratingen Lease as disclosed in Note10. Lease Obligations.
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Other Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes the Company's outstanding contractual obligations as of* December 31, 2025*, and the effect those obligations are expected to have on its liquidity and cash flows in future periods:
| Payments Due By Period | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than | ||||
| Total | one year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | |
| B. Riley Promissory Note | $2,400 | $2,400 | $— | $— |
| Parker Hannifin Promissory Note | 2,187 | 1,250 | 937 | — |
| Facility operating leases | 630 | 467 | 152 | 11 |
| Total | $5,217 | $4,117 | $1,089 | $11 |
Loss Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to various legal matters. In the opinion of management, the resolution of such matters willnot have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
16. Segment Disclosures
Operating segments are defined as components of a public entity for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company's CODM is its chief executive officer who reviews financial information, annual operating plans, and long-range forecasts, presented on a consolidated basis, for purposes of making operating decisions, evaluating financial performance, and allocating resources. The Company is managed as asingle operating segment that primarily serves people with physical disabilities or impairments in both physical rehabilitation and mobility in the healthcare market. Managing the Company's business activities on a consolidated basis allows the Company to benefit from the value its healthcare products provide across the care continuum.
The Company’s CODM uses net loss as presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss to measure segment loss and assesses financial performance against expectations for the Company's single reportable segment to decide how to allocate resources. Additionally, the CODM reviews and uses segment expenses included in net loss to manage the Company’s operations and assess operating performance. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as total assets. The significant segment expenses regularly provided to the CODM are those presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. These significant segment expenses include cost of revenue, sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses. Other segment items that are presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss include interest expense, net, gain on revaluation of warrant liabilities, loss on modification of warrant, unrealized gain (loss) on foreign exchange and other expense, net.
17. Related Party Transactions
There wereno related party transactions during the year ended* December 31, 2025.*
On* February 4, 2023,the Company entered into a mutual release and settlement agreement with an entity to settle and resolve any and all potential claims brought forth in connection with a consulting agreement executed between the entity and the Company in July 2017.Under the terms of the consulting agreement, the Company was required to make milestone payments for the introduction of potential partners for, and the consummation of, a strategic joint venture. A member of the Company's board of directors is affiliated withone* oftwo entities under common control.
The total settlement amount was $325, which was paid in cash over 14 months, with an initial payment of $145 paid in thefirst 40 days and $15 per month for the remaining 12 months. The total settlement amount was fully paid in* April 2024.*
18. Subsequent Events
On* January 12, 2026,the Company entered into an irrevocable standby letter of credit (the "letter of credit"), established by its primary operating bank, in favor of the Company'sthird*-party contract manufacturer, as the beneficiary, in the aggregate amount of $250, effective* January 12, 2026and expiring on January 12, 2027,unless otherwise extended or terminated. The purpose of the letter of credit is to provide financial security to thethird*-party contract manufacturer for inventory procurement and manufacturing obligations. As the letter of credit requires the Company to maintain a corresponding cash deposit with its bank, as long as the letter of credit is still in effect, the full amount will be classified as Restricted cash in the Company's consolidated balance sheets beginning with the fiscal quarter ending* March 31, 2026.*
On* January 22, 2026,*the Company issued and sold (i) an aggregate of 6 shares of Series B Preferred Stock convertible into an aggregate of 712 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock at an initial conversion price of $8.22 per share and (ii) warrants, which are exercisable to purchase up to an aggregate of 356 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $8.22 per share of common stock (the "Private Placement"). The net proceeds of the Private Placement are expected to be approximately $5,265, after deducting placement agent fees and expenses and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Private Placement for working capital and general corporate purposes.
On* February 15, 2026,*the Company entered into a Contribution and Exchange Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”) with APLD Intermediate HoldCo LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“APLD Intermediate”), APLD ChronoScale HoldCo LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of APLD Intermediate (“Contributor”), each a wholly owned direct or indirect subsidiary of Applied Digital Corporation, a Nevada corporation, and Applied Digital Cloud Corporation, a Nevada corporation, which at the time of the Closing (as defined below), will be a wholly owned subsidiary of Contributor (“Cloud”), for purposes of consummating a business combination (the “Business Combination”), as a result of which (i) Cloud will become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, (ii) the Company will, immediately after the consummation of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), continue as the parent of the combined company, and (iii) the Company will change its name to ChronoScale Corporation.
Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Contribution Agreement, Contributor will contribute all of its right, title and interest in and to 1.2 shares of the common stock of Cloud, constituting 100% of the issued and outstanding equity of Cloud, to the Company in exchange for 138,217 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock.
As a result of and upon the consummation of the Business Combination, Contributor is expected to own approximately 97% of the combined company’s outstanding equity before giving effect to the other transactions contemplated by the Contribution Agreement.
The Closing is subject to certain customary mutual conditions, including, butnot limited to, stockholder approval of the Business Combination as set forth in the Contribution Agreement and related proposals, which approval was obtained on* February 20, 2026.*
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The text of this filing, as the company filed it with the SEC, without its images or exhibits. This is not investment advice.