LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES INC

We report our historical results in accordance with GAAP; however, our management also assesses business performance and makes business decisions regarding our operations using certain non-GAAP financial measures. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our financial condition and results of operations computed in accordance with GAAP; however, we acknowledge that our non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations. As such, you should not view these disclosures as a substitute for results determined in accordance with GAAP, and they are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that other companies use.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures used by management, lenders, and certain investors as a supplemental measure in the evaluation of some aspects of a corporation’s financial position and core operating performance. Investors sometimes use EBITDA, as it allows for some level of comparability of profitability trends between those businesses differing as to capital structure and capital intensity by removing the impacts of depreciation and amortization. EBITDA also does not include changes in major working capital items, such as receivables, inventory and payables, which can also indicate a significant need for, or source of, cash. Since decisions regarding capital investment and financing and changes in working capital components can have a significant impact on cash flow, EBITDA is not necessarily a good indicator of a business’s cash flows. We use EBITDA for evaluating the relative underlying performance of our core operations and for planning purposes. We calculate EBITDA by adjusting net income to exclude net interest expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation and amortization, thus the term “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization” and the acronym “EBITDA.”

We also calculate an adjusted EBITDA, which excludes, as applicable: (1) stock compensation expenses; (2) the loss on extinguishment of debt; (3) the effect of the non-cash income or expense associated with the mark-to-market adjustments, related to the warrants; (4) the effect of non-cash income or expenses associated with the fair value adjustments related to the acquisition earnout liabilities; and (5) the effect of foreign exchange gains or losses. Management uses adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our underlying operating performance and for planning and forecasting future business operations.

We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are helpful for investors to better understand our underlying business operations. The following table adjusts net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Our adjusted EBITDA for the quarter ended December 31, 2025 was approximately $0.6 million, compared to a loss of $1.3 million for the same quarter of the prior fiscal year. The increase in adjusted EBITDA in the second quarter of fiscal 2026 was primarily attributable to the increase in gross profit, driven by higher sales, partially offset by increased SG&A and new product development costs.

Our adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended December 31, 2025 was approximately $0.9 million, compared to a loss of $1.5 million for the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase in adjusted EBITDA in the first half of fiscal 2026 was primarily attributable to the increase in gross profit, driven by higher sales, partially offset by increased SG&A and new product development costs.