DANA Inc

Note16. Income Taxes

We estimate the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year and use that rate to provide for income taxes in interim reporting periods. We also recognize the tax impact of certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur.

We have generallynot recognized tax benefits on losses generated in several entities where the recent history of operating losses doesnot allow us to satisfy the “more likely thannot” criterion for the recognition of deferred tax assets. Consequently, there isno income tax expense or benefit recognized on the pre-tax income or losses in these jurisdictions as valuation allowances are adjusted to offset the associated tax expense or benefit.

We record interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. Net interest expense for the periods presented herein isnot significant.

We reported income tax benefit of $2 and $18 for thethird quarters of2025 and2024 and income tax benefit of $2 and $13 for the respective year-to-date periods. Our effective tax rates were (4)% and (8)% for thenine months ended* September**30,* 2025 and2024. During thefirst nine months of2025, we recorded a tax benefit of $27 to release valuation allowance on certain U.S. federal attributes, $19 of tax benefit due to a basis difference in a foreign subsidiary as a result of a change in tax status, $9 of tax expense for income tax reserves associated with prior tax years in foreign jurisdictions, $6 of tax expense due to revisions in our assertions on unremitted earnings in foreign jurisdictions and expense of $6 resulting from the sale of Dana's ownership interest in an equity method investment. During thefirst nine months of2024, we recorded tax expense of $11 for valuation allowances related to foreign jurisdictions and tax expense of $11 due to revisions in our assertions on unremitted earnings in foreign jurisdictions. Our effective income tax rates vary from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to establishment, release, and adjustment of valuation allowances in several countries, nondeductible expenses and deemed income, local tax incentives in several countries outside the U.S., different statutory tax rates outside the U.S. and withholding taxes related to repatriations of international earnings. The effective income tax rate* may*vary significantly due to fluctuations in the amounts and sources, both foreign and domestic, of pretax income and changes in the amounts of non-deductible expenses.

On* July 4, 2025,the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the2017* Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework, and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in2025 and others implemented through2027. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the Act and reflected the impact during thethree months ended* September 30, 2025,*which resulted in a tax benefit for the valuation allowance release on U.S. federal attributes, as discussed above. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of these legislative changes as more guidance becomes available.

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