DANA Inc

Note15. Income Taxes

We estimate the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year and use that rate to provide for income taxes in interim reporting periods. We also recognize the tax impact of certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur.

We have generallynot recognized tax benefits on losses generated in several entities where the recent history of operating losses doesnot allow us to satisfy the “more likely thannot” criterion for the recognition of deferred tax assets. Consequently, there isno income tax expense or benefit recognized on the pre-tax income or losses in these jurisdictions as valuation allowances are adjusted to offset the associated tax expense or benefit.

We record interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. Net interest expense for the periods presented herein isnot significant.

We reported income tax expense of $8 and $37 for thefirst quarters of2025 and2024, respectively. Our effective tax rates were 22% and 106% for thefirst quarters of2025 and2024, respectively. During thefirst quarter of2025, we recorded a tax benefit of $19 due to a basis difference in a foreign subsidiary as a result of a change in tax status and $9 of tax expense for income tax reserves associated with prior tax years in foreign jurisdictions. During thefirst quarter of2024, we recorded tax expense of $11 for valuation allowances related to foreign jurisdictions. Our effective income tax rates vary from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to establishment, release, and adjustment of valuation allowances in several countries, nondeductible expenses and deemed income, local tax incentives in several countries outside the U.S., different statutory tax rates outside the U.S. and withholding taxes related to repatriations of international earnings. The effective income tax rate* may*vary significantly due to fluctuations in the amounts and sources, both foreign and domestic, of pretax income and changes in the amounts of non-deductible expenses.

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