Farmers Merchants Bancshares Inc

Consolidated Balance Sheets

• Derived from audited consolidated financial statements

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Consolidated Statements of Income

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

Three and nine months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Farmers and Merchants Bancshares, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Farmers and Merchants Bank (the “Bank”), and Series Protected Cell FCB-4 (the “Insurance Subsidiary”), and one subsidiary of the Bank, Reliable Community Financial Services, Inc. The Insurance Subsidiary is a series investment,100% owned by Farmers and Merchants Bancshares, Inc. in First Community Bankers Insurance Co., LLC, a Tennessee “series” limited liability company and licensed property and casualty insurance company. Intercompany balances and transactions, including insurance premium paid by the Bank that were received by the Insurance Subsidiary through an intermediary, have been eliminated.

As used in these notes, the terms the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” refer to Farmers and Merchants Bancshares, Inc. and, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise, its consolidated subsidiaries.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods have been made. Such adjustments were normal and recurring in nature. The results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 do not necessarily reflect the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024 or any future interim period. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in Farmers and Merchants Bancshares, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments in this ASU are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision mark (“CODM”), an amount for other segments items by reportable segment and a description of its composition, all annual disclosures required by ASU Topic 280 in interim periods as well, and the title and position of the CODM and how the CODM uses the reported measures. Additionally, this ASU requires that at least one of the reported segment profit and loss measures should be the measure that is most consistent with the measurement principles used in an entity’s consolidated financial statements. Lastly, this ASU requires public business entities with a single reportable segment to provide all disclosures required by these amendments in this ASU and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively. The Company does not expect that the adoption of ASU 2023-07 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, which is greater than five percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by the entity’s applicable statutory rate, on an annual basis. Additionally, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions that are equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). Lastly, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

The accounting policies adopted by management are consistent with authoritative GAAP and are consistent with those followed by our peers.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes to significant accounting policies since the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 was issued.

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Investments in debt securities are summarized as follows:

The allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities is a contra-asset valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of held-to-maturity securities to present the net amount expected to be collected. Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity securities on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. With regard to securities issued by states and political subdivisions, management considers (i) issuer bond ratings, (ii) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, and (iv) internal forecasts. Unrated bonds were underwritten similar to commercial loans and the financial condition of the issuer is monitored periodically. Expected credit losses on commercial loans are applied to unrated bonds. The duration of each bond is used as the remaining life in the calculation of expected credit losses.

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The following table summarizes Moody's and/or Standard & Poor's bond ratings (the Company’s primary credit quality indicators) for our portfolio of held-to-maturity securities issued by states and political subdivisions as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 at amortized cost:

Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in our portfolio have generally not been significant. Furthermore, as of September 30, 2024, there were no past due principal or interest payments associated with these securities and none are on nonaccrual.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Accrued interest receivable on available for sale securities totaled $382,131 and $418,549 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and accrued interest receivable on held to maturity securities totaled $101,097 and $121,670 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Both are grouped in accrued interest receivable on the balance sheet.

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Contractual maturities, shown below, will differ from actual maturities because borrowers and issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Securities with a carrying value of $72,562,872 and $50,371,861 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, were pledged as collateral for borrowings, securities sold under repurchase agreements and other collateralized deposits.

During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024, there was one sale of an available for sale security with a principal balance of $521,162, resulting in a loss of $31,922. There wereno sales of securities for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023.

The following table sets forth the Company’s gross unrealized losses on a continuous basis for available for sale debt securities, by category and length of time.

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As of September 30, 2024, management did not have the intent to sell any of the securities before a recovery of cost and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell before the recovery of the amortized cost basis. The unrealized losses are due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased as well as other market conditions for each particular security based upon the structure and remaining principal balance. The fair values of the investment securities are expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity dates or repricing dates or if market yields for such investments decline. Based on these factors, as of September 30, 2024, management believes that the unrealized losses detailed in the table above are temporary and, accordingly, none of these unrealized losses have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of income.

Major categories of loans are as follows:

For purposes of monitoring the performance of the loan portfolio and estimating the allowance for credit losses, the Company's loans receivable portfolio is segmented as follows: (i) commercial real estate; (ii) construction and land development; (iii) residential; (iv) commercial and industrial; (v) and consumer.

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Commercial real estate loans carry risks of the client’s ability to repay the loan from the cash flow derived from the underlying real estate. Risks inherent in managing a commercial real estate portfolio relate to sudden or gradual drops in property values as well as changes in the economic climate. Real estate security diminishes risks only to the extent that a market exists for the subject collateral. These risks are attempted to be mitigated by carefully underwriting loans of this type and by following appropriate loan-to-value standards. The Company generally requires personal guarantees or endorsements with respect to these loans and loan-to-value ratios for real estate-commercial loans generally do not exceed 80%.

Construction and land development real estate loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may, at any point in time, be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be a loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project. The Company generally requires personal guarantees or endorsements with respect to these loans and loan-to-value ratios for real estate-commercial loans generally do not exceed 80%.

Residential real estate mortgage loans, including equity lines of credit, carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and the changes in the value of the collateral.

Commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or a real estate project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of real estate, because the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or project. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision.

Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral. The Company's consumer loans consist primarily of installment loans made to individuals for personal, family and household purposes. These risks are attempted to be mitigated by following appropriate loan-to-value standards and an experienced management team for this type of portfolio.

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The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The Company didnot recognize any interest income on nonaccrual loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or during the year ended December 31, 2023.

At September 30, 2024, the Company hadone nonaccrual commercial real estate loan totaling $403,853. Gross interest income of $38,334 would have been recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 if this nonaccrual loan had been current and performing in accordance with the original terms. The Company allocated $332,551 of its allowance for credit losses to this nonaccrual loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, one nonaccrual commercial loan totaling $152,449 was charged off.

At December 31, 2023, the Company hadone nonaccrual commercial real estate loan totaling $502,961 andone nonaccrual commercial loan totaling $152,449. The commercial loan was secured by business assets and a personal guaranty. Gross interest income of $45,856 would have been recorded in 2023 if these nonaccrual loans had been current and performing in accordance with their original terms. The Company allocated $450,000 of its allowance for credit losses to these nonaccrual loans.

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An age analysis of past due loans, segregated by type of loan, is as follows:

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

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From time to time, loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be modified. Generally, the modifications we grant are extensions of terms, deferrals of payments for an extended period or interest rate reductions. Occasionally, we may modify a loan by providing principal forgiveness. In some cases, we will modify a loan by providing multiple types, or combinations, of concessions.

There were no modifications to borrowers experiencing financial distress during the three-month period ended September 30, 2024. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, we modified two commercial real estate loans to the same borrower who was experiencing financial distress. The terms of the loans were extended by 12 months. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2024 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, by class and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of loans is also presented below.

There wereno modifications to borrowers experiencing financial distress during the three- or nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023. There wereno payment defaults of modified loans during the previous 12 months.

Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $1,761,829 and $1,539,332 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable on the balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable is not included as part of the amortized costs of loans for the allowance for credit losses estimate.

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of our portfolio risk management, the Company assigns a risk grade to each loan. The factors used to determine the grade are the payment history of the loan and the borrower, the value of the collateral and net worth of the guarantor, and cash flow projections of the borrower. Excellent, Above Average, Average, Acceptable, and Pass/Watch grades are assigned to loans with limited or no delinquent payments and more than sufficient collateral and/or cash flow.

A description of the general characteristics of loans characterized as watch list or classified is as follows:

Special Mention

A special mention loan is a loan that management believes has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

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Borrowers may exhibit poor liquidity and leverage positions resulting from generally negative cash flow or negative trends in earnings. Access to alternative financing may be limited to finance companies for business borrowers and may be unavailable for commercial real estate borrowers.

Substandard

A substandard loan is a loan that management believes is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Such loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Borrowers may exhibit recent or unexpected unprofitable operations, an inadequate debt service coverage ratio, or marginal liquidity and capitalization. Substandard loans require more intense supervision by Company management.

Doubtful

A doubtful loan is a loan that management believes has all of the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan with the added characteristic that the weaknesses, based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values, make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable.

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Loans by credit grade, segregated by loan type, and year originated as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:

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Loans by credit grade, segregated by loan type, and year originated as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

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The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses and loan balances by portfolio as of and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2023. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

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4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

Loans acquired from Carroll Community Bank in 2020 in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Carroll Bancorp, Inc. and Carroll Community Bank (collectively, the “Merger”) were measured at fair value at the acquisition date with no carryover of any allowance for credit losses. The following table provides activity for the accretable credit discount of purchased loans:

The following table provides activity for the amortizable yield premium of purchased loans:

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At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the aggregate principal balance of purchased loans was $65,058,577 and $74,146,002, respectively, and the aggregate carrying value was $65,039,636 and $74,115,751, respectively.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

The following table provides a summary of all of the components of the allowance for credit losses:

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The Merger resulted in the recording of goodwill and a core deposit intangible (“CDI”). The following table presents the changes in both assets for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

The CDI is being amortized over 10 years on a straight-line basis. Annual amortization will be $8,328 per year through year nine and $6,246 in year 10. Because the Merger was a tax-free reorganization, neither the goodwill nor the CDI is deductible for income tax purposes. A goodwill impairment analysis is performed annually.

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The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possible additional, discretionary actions by the regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Our capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The Basel III Capital Rules became effective for the Bank on January 1, 2015 (subject to a phase-in period for certain provisions). Quantitative measures established by the Basel III Capital Rules to ensure capital adequacy require the maintenance of minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital, and Total capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital to adjusted quarterly average assets (as defined).

In connection with the adoption of the Basel III Capital Rules, the Bank elected to opt-out of the requirement to include accumulated other comprehensive income in Common Equity Tier 1 capital. Common Equity Tier 1 capital for the Bank is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities and subject to transition provisions.

Under the revised prompt corrective action requirements, insured depository institutions are required to meet the following in order to qualify as “well capitalized:” (i) a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8%; (iii) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10%; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5%.

The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2015, at the 0.625% level and was phased in over a four-year period (increasing by that amount on each subsequent January 1, until it reached 2.5% on January 1, 2019). The Basel III Capital Rules also provide for a “countercyclical capital buffer” that is applicable to only certain covered institutions and does not have current applicability to the Bank.

The aforementioned capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer (or below the combined capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer, when the latter is applied) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

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On September 17, 2019, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) finalized a rule that introduces an optional simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations (i.e., the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) framework), as required by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act. The CBLR framework is designed to reduce burden by removing the requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the framework.

Under the interim final rules, the community bank leverage ratio was reduced to 8% beginning in the second quarter and for the remainder of calendar year 2020, 8.5% for calendar year 2021, and 9% thereafter. In order to qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must have a tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 8%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance-sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. A qualifying community banking organization that opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the framework will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the Prompt Corrective Action regulations and will not be required to report or calculate risk-based capital. The Company has not opted-in to the CBLR framework.

As of September 30, 2024 the most recent notification from the FDIC has categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized the Bank must maintain ratios as set forth in the table. There have been no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. Capital ratios of the Company are substantially the same as the Bank’s.

The FDIC, through formal or informal agreement, has the authority to require an institution to maintain higher capital ratios than those provided by statute, to be categorized as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.

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The following table presents actual and required capital ratios as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 for the Bank under the Basel III Capital Rules. The minimum required capital amounts presented include the minimum required capital levels as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 202, based on the provisions of the Basel III Capital Rules. Capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules.

The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. The notional amount of the interest rate swaps does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.

Fair Value Hedges: Interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $98.8 and $59.8 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, were designated as fair value hedges under the portfolio layer method of certain government agency mortgage backed securities. There were no interest rate swaps prior to 2023. The hedges were determined to be effective during all periods presented. The Company expects the hedges to remain effective during the remaining terms of the swaps.

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The following table presents the amounts recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The Company presents derivative positions gross on the balance sheet. The following table reflects the derivatives recorded on the balance sheet at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

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The effect of fair value hedge accounting on the statement of income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

Fair Value Hedging Relationships

Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statements of income in which the effects of the fair value hedge is recorded are as follows:

In accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure”, the Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (“an exit price”) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is the most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

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In accordance with the guidance, a hierarchy of valuation techniques is based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC Topic 820 based on these two types of inputs, are as follows:

The Company uses the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair values of the following assets:

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The following table summarizes financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:

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The following table provides information describing the unobservable inputs used in level 3 fair value measurements at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

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The estimated fair value of financial instruments that are reported at amortized cost less allowance for credit losses in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs were as follows:

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Earnings per share is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, giving retroactive effect to any stock dividends. The following table shows the weighted average number of shares used in computing earnings per share and the effect of weighted average number of shares of dilutive potential common stock. There were 0 and 167 restricted stock units included in weighted average dilutive shares for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively. There wereno dilutive shares for the three- or nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023.

The Company has a profit sharing plan qualifying under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. All employees age 21 or older with nine months of service are eligible for participation in the plan. The Company matches employee contributions up to 4% of total compensation and may make additional discretionary contributions. Employee and employer contributions are 100% vested when made. The Company’s contributions to this plan were $57,932 and $53,700 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $206,284 and $197,150 for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company has entered into agreements with 12 employees to provide certain life insurance benefits payable in connection with policies of life insurance on those employees that are owned by the Company. Some of the policies provide benefits subsequent to the employee’s employment with the Company. For this plan, the Company expensed $1,976 and $1,834 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $5,928 and $5,502 for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company adopted supplemental executive retirement plans forfour of its executives. The plans provide cash compensation to the executive officers under certain circumstances, including a separation of service. The benefits vest over the period from adoption to a specified age for each executive. The Company recorded expenses, including interest, of $66,000 for the three-month period ended September 30, 2024 and a reduction of expenses of $44,800 for the three month period ended September 30, 2023. The Company recorded expenses, including interest, $198,000 and $107,200 for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Retirement plan expenses are included in employee benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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Borrowed funds consist of securities sold under repurchase agreements, which represent overnight or term borrowings from customers, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”), advances from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (the “Reserve Bank”), term borrowings from a commercial bank, and overnight borrowings from commercial banks.

Additional information is as follows:

The Bank is approved to borrow 75% of eligible pledged single-family residential loans and 50% of eligible pledged commercial loans as well as investment securities, or approximately $71.0 million under a secured line of credit with the FHLB. The Bank also has two facilities with the Reserve Bank. Under the first facility, which has been in place for over 10 years and is collateralized by loans, the Bank can borrow approximately $36.6 million. The second facility is the Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”) that the Reserve Bank created in 2023. The BTFP facility allows securities to be pledged at par, provides fixed rates for up to one-year terms, and allows prepayments in whole or in part at any time. Effective March 11, 2024, no new advances can be obtained through the BTFP facility. Finally, the Bank has $23,500,000 ($14,500,000 unsecured and $9,000,000 secured) of overnight federal funds lines of credit available from commercial banks.

FHLB advances of $5,000,000 were outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. BTFP advances of $54,000,000 and $33,000,000 were outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company borrowed $17,000,000 to facilitate the Merger in 2020. There wereno borrowings from the Reserve Bank other than the BTFP advances noted above or our commercial bank lenders at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

On November 22, 2023, the Board of Directors approved the Farmers and Merchants Bancshares, Inc. 2023 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Equity Plan”). The Equity Plan allows the Board of Directors or its Compensation Committee to grant awards that may be payable in shares of common stock or the cash equivalent thereof.

The Company complies with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, in measuring and disclosing stock compensation cost. The measurement objective in ASC Paragraph 718-10-30-6 requires public companies to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the award. The cost is recognized in expense over the period in which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the vesting period).

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During the year ended December 31, 2023,2,000 fully vested shares of common stock and 3,000 restricted stock units (the “RSUs”) were granted to one executive officer. The RSUs contemplate the issuance of shares of common stock of Farmers and Merchants Bancshares, Inc. if and when the RSUs vest. One-third of the RSUs vested on September 22, 2024, andone-third will vest on September 22, 2025 andone-third will vest on September 22, 2026 provided that the grantee is employed and in good standing with the Company on the applicable vesting date.

A summary of the Company’s RSU grant activity as of September 30, 2024 is shown below:

The compensation cost charged to income in respect of awards granted under the Equity Plan was $4,538 and $13,614 for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, there was $36,298 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a period of 24 months.

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