TECHPRECISION CORP

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of

TechPrecision Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of TechPrecision Corporation (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2025, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 2, the Company has incurred significant losses, is in default on its debt obligations since the Company is out of compliance with its debt covenants and is expected to continue to be out of compliance, and its revolving line of credit is due within the year and will need to be renewed or additional financing is needed. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Revenue – Revenue Earned Over Time and Contract Estimates

As described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements, for those long-term fixed-price contracts for which control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company measures progress for performance obligations satisfied over time using input methods such as costs incurred, resources consumed, labor hours expended, and/or time elapsed. The estimation of progress toward completion is subject to assumptions and variables and requires significant judgment. Auditing the Company’s estimate of total expected contract costs and effort necessary to completion is especially challenging due to the judgmental and subjective nature of the estimation of costs to complete, including material, labor and subcontracting costs, among others, unique to each revenue arrangement. Revisions in contract estimates can materially affect the Company’s operating results.

We obtained an understanding of and evaluated the Company’s revenue recognition review procedures. To test the estimate of expected contract costs to complete and effort necessary to completion, our audit procedures included, among others, testing significant components of the estimate noted above, assessing the completeness of the cost estimates, reviewing changes in the estimates from previous periods and testing underlying data used by management. Further, our procedures included discussing project status with operations and finance management responsible for managing the contractual arrangements; inspecting evidence to support the assumptions made by management; evaluating the key assumptions utilized in development of the expected contract costs to complete the arrangement; and performing look-back procedures to assess previous estimates as well as performance on similar arrangements. We also reviewed documentation of management’s estimates as well as continued progress on open arrangements through the reporting date for evidence of changes that would affect estimates as of the balance sheet date.

/s/ CBIZ CPAS P.C.

CBIZ CPAs P.C.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013 (such date takes into account the acquisition of the attest business of Marcum LLP by CBIZ CPAs P.C. effective November 1, 2024).

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

July 30, 2025

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

TechPrecision Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of TechPrecision Corporation (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 2, the Company has incurred significant losses, is in default on its debt obligations since the Company is out of compliance with its debt covenants and is expected to continue to be out of compliance, its revolving line of credit is due within the year, and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Marcum LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

September 13, 2024

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION – NONCASH TRANSACTIONS:

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2025

Noncash Operating - On April 29, 2024, we extinguished a liability of $1,117 when we issued 320,000 shares of common stock in connection with a breakup fee payment set forth under an agreement to terminate the acquisition of Votaw Precision Technologies, Inc.

Noncash Financing - On April 29, 2024, we issued 320,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $1,536 for the breakup fee payment as set forth under an agreement to terminate the acquisition of Votaw Precision Technologies, Inc. The additional $419 was based on the change in fair value of shares at the time of issuance was recorded in April 2024.

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2024

Noncash Financing - On July 13, 2023, our former CFO exercised an option to purchase 125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to option awards previously granted under the 2016 Plan. The option was exercised as a cashless net settlement transaction and resulted in the delivery of 109,024 shares of common stock on July 13, 2023.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

TechPrecision Corporation, or “TechPrecision”, is a Delaware corporation organized in February 2005 under the name Lounsberry Holdings II, Inc. On February 24, 2006, we acquired all the issued and outstanding capital stock of our wholly owned subsidiary Ranor, Inc., or “Ranor.” Ranor, together with its predecessors, has been in continuous operation since 1956. The name was changed to TechPrecision Corporation on March 6, 2006.

TechPrecision is the parent company of Ranor, Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC, or “WCH”, Stadco New Acquisition, LLC, or “Acquisition Sub”, and Stadco. TechPrecision, Ranor, WCH, Acquisition Sub and Stadco are collectively referred to as the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”.

On August 25, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Stadco, pursuant to that certain stock purchase agreement with Acquisition Sub, Stadco Acquisition, LLC, Stadco and each equity holder of Stadco Acquisition, LLC. On the closing date, the Company, through Acquisition Sub, acquired all the issued and outstanding capital stock of Stadco from Stadco Acquisition, LLC in exchange for the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock to Stadco Acquisition, LLC. As a result of the acquisition, Stadco is now our wholly owned indirect subsidiary.

We manufacture large-scale metal fabricated and machined precision components and equipment. These products are used in a variety of markets including defense and precision industrial. All our operations and customers are in the United States, or “U.S.”.

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

*Basis of Presentation and Consolidation -*The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TechPrecision, Ranor, Stadco, and Westminster Credit Holdings, LLC. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements - In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or “U.S. GAAP”, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reported period. We continually evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, long-lived assets, and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical and current experiences and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

*Reclassifications –*Certain prior year balances including the notes thereto have been reclassified to conform with current year presentation. In the prior year, reimbursements for purchases of fixed assets totaled $577 and was included in the statements of cash flows from operating activities as a change in other noncurrent liabilities. In order to conform to the current year presentation, prior year reimbursements for purchases of fixed assets and changes in other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated statements of cash flows have been adjusted to conform with the current year presentation.

Going Concern, Risks and Uncertainties - For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we reported pre-tax losses of $2,750 and $5,110, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025, we had $1,451 in total available liquidity, consisting of $195 in cash and cash equivalents, and $1,256 in undrawn capacity under our revolver loan. As of March 31, 2024, we had $600 in total available liquidity, consisting of $138 in cash and cash equivalents, and $462 in undrawn capacity under our revolver loan.

On May 28, 2024, Ranor, and certain affiliates of the Company, or “other borrowers”, entered into the Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Eighth Amendment”. In addition to extending the maturity date of the revolver loan to August 30, 2024, the Eighth Amendment reduced the maximum principal amount from $5,000 to $4,500 and required that an operational assessment be performed, primarily at Stadco, by an acceptable third-party consultant. The lender has acknowledged receipt of that operational assessment of Stadco as required pursuant to the Eighth Amendment.

On September 4, 2024, December 19, 2024, and April 28, 2025, Ranor and the other borrowers entered into three additional amendments with Berkshire Bank, to extend the maturity date of the Revolver Loan to January 15, 2025, April 30, 2025, and August 29, 2025, respectively.

The Company acknowledges that a certain event of default has occurred and is continuing under the Loan Agreement as a result of the Company’s failure to satisfy the Debt Service Coverage Ratio, or DSCR, for the twelve-month periods ending March 31, 2025 and 2024. The lender reserves any and all rights and remedies available to it under the Loan Agreement, including, without limitation, its right to choose to accelerate and demand the outstanding indebtedness evidenced by the loan documents, and to seek immediate repayment in full.

There was $7,387 outstanding under the Loan Agreement on March 31, 2025. Without a waiver, the lender has the right, but not the obligation, to demand repayment from the Company for noncompliance with the debt covenants. In addition, the bank retains the right to act on covenant violations that occur after the date of delivery of any waiver. The lender has not granted us a waiver. As such, we need to seek alternative financing to pay these obligations as the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. It is also probable that the Company will not be in compliance with the same debt covenants at subsequent measurement dates within the next twelve months. As a result of the above, all of our long-term debt has been classified as current in our consolidated balance sheet.

The Company is exploring various means of strengthening its liquidity position and ensuring compliance with its debt financing covenants by making Stadco operations profitable, renewing our revolver loan, or entering into alternative debt facilities.

On July 3, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain accredited investors, pursuant to which the Company sold 521,800 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 521,800 common stock purchase warrants to purchase 521,800 shares of Common Stock in a private placement at an aggregate purchase price of $1,801. The combined purchase price for one share and one warrant was $3.45. The purpose of the private placement was to raise working capital for use by the Company. The closing of the offering occurred on July 8, 2024. On February 11, 2025, the Company received $498 in proceeds from the sale of the remaining 144,300 shares of the Company’s common stock, and common stock purchase warrants to purchase shares of common stock. Placement fees in connection with the offering totaled $247 and are recorded net of proceeds in additional paid - in capital. In addition, the Company issued to the placement agent common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to 19,983 shares of common stock.

In order for us to continue operations beyond the next twelve months from the date of issuance of the financial statements and to be able to discharge our liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business, we must renew our revolver loan or seek alternative financing by August 29, 2025. The bank retains the right to act on covenant violations and is under no obligation to allow draws on the revolver through the expiration date. We must mitigate our recurring operating losses at our Stadco subsidiary, efficiently increase utilization of our manufacturing capacity at Stadco and improve the manufacturing process. We plan to closely monitor our expenses and, if required, will reduce operating costs to enhance liquidity.

The uncertainty associated with the recurring operating losses at Stadco, the revolver loan renewal, the need for alternative financing, and compliance with debt covenants at subsequent measurement dates raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for at least one-year after the date the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are issued.

The consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, were prepared on the basis of a going concern which contemplates that we will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. Accordingly, they do not give effect to adjustments that would be necessary should we be required to liquidate assets. Our ability to satisfy our current liabilities and to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company’s compliance with the debt covenants, renewing the revolver loan, and its ability to grow revenue and reduce costs at Stadco. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Cash and cash equivalents - Holdings of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, when purchased, are considered to be cash equivalents. Our deposit and money market accounts are maintained in a large U.S. regional bank.

*Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses -*Accounts receivable are comprised of amounts billed and currently due from customers. Accounts receivables are amounts related to any unconditional right the Company has for receiving consideration and are presented as accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. We maintain allowances for credit losses for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make the required payments. Under the current expected credit loss model, we employ a roll-rate methodology, utilizing historical loss rates and historical trends in credit quality indicators (e.g., delinquency, risk ratings), adjusted to reflect current economic conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

Management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. Our normal collection cycle ranges between thirty and forty days. Estimated uncollectible amounts are charged to earnings and a credit to a valuation allowance. Balances which remain outstanding after reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable. Historically, the level of uncollectible accounts has not been significant.

*Inventories -*Work-in-process and raw materials are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Contract Assets - Contract assets represent the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date when the right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. The amount of contract assets recorded in the consolidated balance sheet reflects revenue recognized on contracts less associated advances and progress billings. These amounts are billed in accordance with the agreed-upon contract terms or upon achievement of contract milestones and recorded at net realizable value.

Property, plant and equipment, net - Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are accounted for on the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives. The amortization of leasehold improvements is based on the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the improvement. Betterments and large renewals, which extend the life of the asset, are capitalized whereas maintenance and repairs and small renewals are expensed as incurred. The estimated useful lives are machinery and equipment,5-15 years; buildings,30 years; and leasehold improvements,2-5 years. Upon sale or retirement of machinery and equipment, costs and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated, and gains or losses are recognized in the statement of operations.

Interest is capitalized for assets that are constructed or otherwise produced for our own use, including assets constructed or produced for us by others for which deposits or progress payments have been made. Interest is capitalized to the date the assets are available and ready for use. When an asset is constructed in stages, interest is capitalized for each stage until it is available and ready for use. We use the interest rate incurred on funds borrowed specifically for the project. The capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset to which it relates and is amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, or “ASC”, 360,Property, Plant & Equipment, our property, plant and equipment is tested for impairment when triggering events occur and, if impaired, written down to fair value based on either discounted cash flows or appraised values. The carrying amount of an asset or asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, we determined that a history of operating losses at Stadco may indicate that the carrying value of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable. As such, we conducted a test for recoverability of long-lived assets at our Stadco segment and determined that the carrying value of the long-lived assets were not impaired.

Leases - Right-of-use assets for operating leases are measured at the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets for operating leases are subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments at the lease commencement date. We had one finance lease outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See Note 14,Leases, for additional information.

Debt Issuance Costs - Costs incurred in connection with obtaining financing for long-term debt are capitalized and presented as a reduction of the carrying amount of the related debt. Costs incurred in connection with obtaining financing for revolving credit facilities and lines of credit are capitalized and presented as reduction of the carrying amount of the revolver loan. Loan acquisition costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the loan.

Contract Liabilities - Contract liabilities are comprised of advance payments, billings in excess of revenues and deferred revenue amounts. These amounts are recorded as contract liabilities until such obligations are satisfied, either over time as costs are incurred or at a point in time when deliveries are made. Such advances are not generally considered a significant financing component because they are utilized to pay for contract costs within a one-year period. Contract liability amounts are recognized as revenue once control over the underlying performance obligation has transferred to the customer.

Fair Value Measurements - We account for fair value of financial instruments in accordance with ASC 820,* Fair Value Measurement*, which defines fair value and establishes a framework to measure fair value and the related disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that could be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, establishes a fair value hierarchy used to prioritize the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is defined into the following three categories: Level 1: Inputs based upon quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date; Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and Level 3: Inputs that are management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instruments’ valuation. In addition, we will measure fair value in an inactive or dislocated market based on facts and circumstances and significant management judgment. We will use inputs based on management estimates or assumptions or adjust observable inputs to determine fair value when markets are not active and relevant observable inputs are not available.

ASC 825,* Financial Instruments*, requires disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, as presented in the balance sheet, approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of short and long-term borrowings approximates their fair value.

Revenue Recognition - The Company accounts for revenue under Accounting Standards Update, or “ASU”, 2014-09,Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),or “ASC 606”, and related amendments. ASC 606 sets forth five steps for revenue recognition: identification of the contract, identification of any separate performance obligations in the contracts, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to separate performance obligations, and revenue recognition when performance obligations are satisfied.

The Company recognizes revenue over time based on the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to the customer. This transfer occurs over time when the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, and our performance does not create an asset that has an alternative use to the Company. Otherwise, control to the promised goods or services transfers to customers at a point in time. Our customers make advance payments and progress payments under the terms of each manufacturing contract.

The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation and provide title to, or grant a security interest in, work-in-process to the customer. In addition, these contracts contain enforceable rights to payment, allowing the Company to recover both its cost and a reasonable margin on performance completed to date. The combination of these factors indicates that the customer controls the asset, and revenue is recognized as the asset is created or enhanced. The Company measures progress for performance obligations satisfied over time using input methods (e.g., costs incurred, resources consumed, labor hours expended, and time elapsed).

Under arrangements where the customer does not have title to, or a security interest in, the work-in-process, our evaluation of whether revenue should be recognized over time requires significant judgment about whether the asset has an alternative use and whether the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. When one or both of these factors is not present, the Company will recognize revenue at the point in time where control over the promised good or service transfers to the customer, i.e. when the customer has taken physical possession of the product the Company has built for the customer.

The Company and its customers may occasionally enter into contract modifications, including change orders. The Company may account for the modification as a separate contract, the termination of an old contract and creation of a new contract, or as part of the original contract, depending on the nature and pricing of the goods or services included in the modification. In general, contract modifications - as well as other changes in estimates of revenue, costs, and profits on a performance obligation - are recognized using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. This method recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes in current and prior periods. A significant change in an estimate on one or more contracts in a period could have a material effect on the consolidated balance sheet or results of operations for that period.

If incentives and other contingencies are provided as part of the contract, the Company will include in the initial transaction price the consideration to which it expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using an expected value or most likely amount approach. In the context of variable consideration, the Company limits, or constrains, the transaction price to amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Adjustments to constrain the transaction price may be due to a portion of the transaction price being more than approved funding, a lack of history with the customer, a lack of history with the goods or services being provided, or other items.

Shipping and handling fees and costs incurred in connection with products sold are recorded in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and are not considered a performance obligation to our customers.

Contract Estimates - In estimating contract costs, the Company takes into consideration a number of assumptions and estimates regarding risks related to technical requirements and scheduling. Management performs periodic reviews of the contracts to evaluate the underlying risks. Profit margin on any given project could increase if the Company is able to mitigate and retire such risks. Conversely, if the Company is not able to properly manage these risks, cost estimates may increase, resulting in a lower profit margin, or potentially, contract losses.

The cost estimation process requires significant judgment and is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of the Company’s engineers, program managers, and financial professionals. Factors considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate contract recovery include the availability, productivity, and cost of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, the effect of any delays in performance, the availability and timing of funding from the customer, and the recoverability of any claims included in the estimates to complete. Costs allocable to undelivered units are reported as work in process, a component of inventory, in the consolidated balance sheet. Pre-contract fulfillment costs requiring capitalization are not material.

Selling, general and administrative - Selling, general and administrative, or “SG&A”, expenses include items such as executive compensation and benefits, professional fees, business travel and office costs. Advertising costs are nominal and expensed as incurred. Other general and administrative expenses include items for our administrative functions and include costs for items such as office supplies, insurance, legal, accounting, telephone, and other outside services. SG&A consisted of the following for the fiscal years ended March 31:

Stock-based Compensation - Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to our board of directors, employees, and consultants. We measure stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognize the cost as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We estimate the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expense amounted to $103 and $285 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. SeeNote 7 – Stock-based Compensation for additional disclosures related to stock-based compensation.

Net Loss per Share of Common Stock -Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net loss income per common share is calculated using net loss divided by diluted weighted-average shares. Diluted weighted-average shares include weighted-average shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of stock options calculated using the treasury stock method. SeeNote 6 –Capital Stock and Earnings per Share, for additional disclosures related to net loss per share.

Income Taxes - In accordance with ASC 740,Income Taxes, income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method*.* Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.

We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities in selling, general and administrative in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

New Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07,Segment Reporting – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The guidance in this update enhances segment reporting by expanding the breadth and frequency of segment disclosures required for public entities and allows registrants to disclose multiple measures of segment profit or loss. This update requires a public entity to disclose its significant segment expense categories and amounts for each reportable segment. A significant segment expense is any significant expense incurred by the segment, including direct expenses, shared expenses, allocated corporate overhead, or interest expense that is regularly reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker, or CODM, and is included in the measure of segment profit or loss. This standard update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this ASU was done retrospectively on March 31, 2025 only effects the segment disclosures in the notes to the financial statements, and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This standard update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this amendment will only affect the disclosures in the notes to the financial statements. The Company will adopt this amendment in the first quarter of fiscal 2026.

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the “FASB”, issued Accounting Standards Update, or “ASU”, 2024 - 03,Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220 - 40), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The ASU will require the Company to provide more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) in commonly presented expense captions (such as cost of revenue, SG&A, and research and development). The ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating this update to determine the impact it may have on the disclosures to its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 4 – REVENUE

The Company generates revenue primarily from performance obligations completed under contracts with customers in two main market sectors: defense and precision industrial. The period over which the Company performs its obligations can be between three andthirty -six months. The Company invoices and receives related payments based upon performance progress not less frequently than monthly.

Revenue is recognized over-time or at a point-in-time given the terms and conditions of the related contracts. The Company utilizes an inputs methodology based on estimated labor hours to measure performance progress. This model best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. The Company’s contract portfolio is comprised of fixed-price contracts and provide for product type revenue only.

The following table presents revenue on a disaggregated basis by market and contract type:

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $48,625 of remaining performance obligations, of which $42,834 was less than 50% complete. The Company expects to recognize all its remaining performance obligations as revenue within the next thirty-six months.

We are dependent each year on a small number of customers who generate a significant portion of our business, and these customers change from year to year. The following table sets forth revenues from customers who accounted for more than 10% of our revenue for the fiscal years ended March 31:

The following table displays total revenue generated by the individual customers in the above table by segment that accounted for 10% or more of our revenue in either fiscal 2025 or fiscal 2024:

In our consolidated balance sheet, contract assets and contract liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract assets consist of the following for the fiscal years ended:

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized revenue of $2,104 and $1,195 related to our contract liabilities as of the opening balances on April 1, 2024 and 2023. Contract liabilities consist of the following for the fiscal years ended:

NOTE 5 – INCOME TAXES

We account for income taxes under ASC 740,Income Taxes. The following table reflects income and loss from continuing operations by location, and the provision for income taxes for the applicable fiscal years ended March 31:

The components of the income tax provision consist of the following for the fiscal years ended March 31:

Our fiscal 2025 and 2024 taxes were measured at the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 21%. A reconciliation between income taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the actual tax expense for income taxes reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations follows for fiscal years ended March 31:

Effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the income tax provision by loss before income taxes.

The following table summarizes the components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities at March 31:

In assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We have determined that it is more likely than not that certain future tax benefits may not be realized. The assessment was based on the weight of negative evidence at the balance sheet date, our recent operating losses and unsettled circumstances that, if unfavorably resolved, would adversely affect future operations and profit levels. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been recorded against deferred tax assets that are unlikely to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets will depend on the generation of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdictions, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies and other factors prior to the expiration date of the carryforwards. A change in the estimates used to make this determination could require an increase or a reduction the valuation allowance currently recorded against those deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance on deferred tax assets was $5,722 and $5,312 at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain NOL carryforwards and other deferred tax assets will not be realized.

At March 31, 2025 we had federal net operating losses of $19,254 which begin to expire in 2034. The Internal Revenue Code provides for a limitation on the annual use of net operating loss carryforwards following certain ownership changes that could limit our ability to utilize these carryforwards on a yearly basis. Also, U.S. tax laws may limit the time during which these loss carryforwards may be applied against future taxes. As such, certain pre-2021 Stadco net operating loss carryforwards available for TechPrecision’s consolidated tax group may be limited, including $9,900 of the total Stadco NOL carryforward available.

We have not accrued any penalties with respect to uncertain tax positions. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various U.S. state jurisdictions. Tax years 2022 and forward remain open for examination.

NOTE 6 – CAPITAL STOCK and EARNINGS PER SHARE

Common Stock

We had 50,000,000 authorized shares of common stock on March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were 9,751,825 and 8,777,432 shares of common stock outstanding at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Preferred Stock

We have 10,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock and our board of directors has broad power to createone or more series of preferred stock and to designate the rights, preferences, privileges, and limitations of the holders of such series. There wereno shares of preferred stock outstanding at March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Earnings per Share

Basic EPS is computed by dividing reported earnings available to stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding. Diluted EPS also includes the effect of stock options that would be dilutive. The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators reflected in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations, as required under FASB ASC 260.

The following table depicts all potential common stock equivalents that have an anti-dilutive effect and are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) for the fiscal years ended:

For a number of business reasons, we may enter into contracts that are indexed to and settled in its own stock, such as warrants. Contracts that require settlement in shares are equity instruments and measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value are not recognized as long as the contracts continue to be classified as equity. In connection with the sale of our common stock and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock in fiscal 2025 in a private placement, we recorded the sale of common stock and warrants as shareholder’s equity at a combined purchase price of $3.46. The portion of the proceeds received for the stock and warrant that are allocable to the warrant was accounted for as additional paid-in-capital. The allocation was based on the relative fair market values of thetwo securities at the time of issuance.

NOTE 7 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Our board of directors, upon the recommendation of the compensation committee of our board of directors, approved the 2016 TechPrecision Equity Incentive Plan, or the “2016 Plan”, on November 10, 2016. Our stockholders approved the 2016 Plan at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders on December 8, 2016. The 2016 Plan succeeds the 2006 Plan (as defined below) and applies to awards granted after the 2016 Plan’s adoption by the Company’s stockholders. We have designed the 2016 Plan to reflect our commitment to having best practices in both compensation and corporate governance. The 2016 Plan provides for a share reserve of 1,250,000 shares of common stock.

The 2016 Plan authorizes the award of incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted and unrestricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and performance awards to employees, directors, consultants, and other individuals who provide services to TechPrecision or its affiliates. The purpose of the 2016 Plan is to enable TechPrecision and its affiliated companies to recruit and retain highly qualified employees, directors, and consultants; and to provide those employees, directors, and consultants with an incentive for productivity, and an opportunity to share in the growth and value of the Company. Subject to adjustment as provided in the 2016 Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued with respect to awards under the 2016 Plan is 1,250,000 shares (inclusive of awards issued under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan, or the “2006 Plan”, that remained outstanding as of the effective date of the 2016 Plan). Shares of our common stock subject to awards that expire unexercised or are otherwise forfeited shall again be available for awards under the 2016 Plan.

The fair value of the options we grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the closing stock prices at the grant date and the weighted average assumptions specific to the underlying options. Expected volatility assumptions are based on the historical volatility of our common stock. The average dividend yield over the historical period for which volatility was computed is zero. The risk-free interest rate was selected based upon yields offive-year U.S. Treasury issues. We used the simplified method for all grants to estimate the expected life of the option. We assume that stock options will be exercised evenly over the period from vesting until the awards expire. We account for award forfeitures as they occur. As such, the assumed period for each vesting tranche is computed separately and then averaged together to determine the expected term for the award. On March 31, 2025, there were 204,327 shares available for grant under the 2016 Plan.

The following table summarizes information about options granted during the two most recently completed fiscal years:

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price and the exercise price multiplied by the number of in-the-money options on the measurement date) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on March 31, 2025 and 2024. This amount changes based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock. At March 31, 2025, there wasno remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options. The maximum contractual term isten years for option grants. Other information relating to stock options outstanding at March 31, 2025 is as follows:

Common Stock Awards

On January 2, 2024, we granted 15,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the 2016 Plan to a former chief financial officer in connection with his consulting services agreement, which shares were fully vested on the grant date. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, stock-based compensation expense of $79 was measured at fair value on the date of grant.

Restricted Stock Awards

On August 3, 2023, we issued 15,000 shares of restricted common stock to a former chief financial officer. Under the terms of the employment agreement, provided employment with the Company continues from the grant date through the applicable vesting dates,5,000 shares of the restricted stock will vest on each of the first, second, and third anniversaries of the effective employment date of July 17, 2023. Fair value of $111 was measured on the date of grant based on the number of shares expected to vest and the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock. Stock-based compensation expense will be recognized ratably over the vesting period. Total recognized compensation cost related to this award for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $37 and $28, respectively. On March 31, 2025, there was $46 of remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to this award which is expected to be recognized over the next eighteen months.

On October 11, 2023, we granted a total of 25,000 shares of restricted common stock under the 2016 Plan to the board of directors. The stock-based compensation expense of $178 was measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the number of shares expected to vest and the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock.

On November 26, 2024, we issued 45,000 shares of restricted common stock to a former chief financial officer. Under the terms of the employment agreement, provided employment with the Company continues from the grant date through the applicable vesting dates,15,000 shares of the restricted stock will vest on each of the first, second, and third anniversaries of the effective employment date of September 30, 2024. Fair value was measured on the date of grant, and total recognized compensation cost related to this award was $21. Employment with the Company ended in February 2025. As such, all the shares were canceled and returned to the pool of shares authorized for issuance under the 2016 stock option plan.

On January 24, 2025, pursuant to the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, the Company awarded 54,880 shares, in the aggregate, of restricted common stock to ourfour non-employee directors. The common stock shall vest and become nonforfeitable on December 19, 2025. During the period commencing on the grant date and ending on the vesting date, the grantee is not permitted to sell, transfer, pledge, assign or otherwise encumber the common stock. The grantee must be serving as a director as of the vesting date and must have been continuously serving in such capacity from the grant date through the vesting date. Fair value of $180 was measured on the date of grant based on the number of shares expected to vest and the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock. Stock-based compensation expense will be recognized ratably over the vesting period.

The total recognized stock-based compensation cost related to all restricted stock awards for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $103 and $285, respectively.

NOTE 8 - CONCENTRATION OF RISK

We maintain bank account balances, which, at times, may exceed insured limits. We have not experienced any losses with these accounts and believe that we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash.

In the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, one supplier accounted for 27% and 20%, respectively, of our purchased material.

On March 31, 2025, there were trade accounts receivable balances outstanding from three customers comprising 75% of the total trade receivables balance. On March 31, 2024, there were trade accounts receivable balances outstanding fromtwo customers comprising 78% of the total trade receivables balance. The following table sets forth information as to trade accounts receivable from customers who accounted for more than 10% of our accounts receivable as of:

NOTE 9 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

NOTE 10 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

In fiscal 2025 and 2024, we recorded depreciation expense of $2,087 and $1,746, respectively, in our cost of revenue. In fiscal 2025 and 2024, we recorded disposals with a book value of $1 and $23, respectively.

We capitalize interest on borrowings during active construction period for major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and is amortized over the useful lives of the assets. Capitalized interest for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1 and $18, respectively.

The Company also has an agreement to make additional equipment upgrades for a certain customer. We recognize new purchases as a fixed asset and billings for reimbursement from the customer as a contra-asset. Future depreciation of the asset will be offset directly by the amortization of the contra-asset on a net basis in the statement of operations. The amortization period will match the schedule of depreciation set forth under the fixed asset ledger.

NOTE 11 - ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued compensation includes amounts for executive bonuses, payroll and vacation and holiday pay. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in the provision are recorded in cost of revenue. Accrued project costs are estimates for certain project expenses during the reporting period.

Due to a change in certain conditions and events, it became probable that on March 31, 2024, the Company would not be able to close on the acquisition of Votaw Precision Technologies, Inc. and accrued a breakup fee of $1,117. On April 29, 2024, we issued 320,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $1,536 for the breakup fee payment as set forth under the terms and conditions of the agreement. The additional $419 was based on the change in fair value of shares at the time of issuance was recorded in April 2024 and is included in selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statement of operations.

NOTE 12 – DEBT

Amended and Restated Loan Agreement

On August 25, 2021, the Company entered into an amended and restated loan agreement with Berkshire Bank, or the “Loan Agreement”. Under the Loan Agreement, Berkshire Bank will continue to provide the Ranor Term Loan (as defined below) and the revolving line of credit, or the Revolver Loan. In addition, Berkshire Bank provided the Stadco Term Loan (as defined below) in the original amount of $4,000. The proceeds of the original Ranor Term Loan of $2,850 were used to refinance existing mortgage debt at Ranor. The proceeds of the Revolver Loan are used for working capital and general corporate purposes of the Company. The proceeds of the Stadco Term Loan were to be used to support the acquisition of Stadco and refinance existing indebtedness of Stadco.

Stadco Term Loan

On August 25, 2021, Stadco borrowed $4,000 from Berkshire Bank, or the “Stadco Term Loan”. Interest on the Stadco Term Loan is due on unpaid balances at a fixed rate per annum equal to the 7-year Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate plus 2.25%. Since September 25, 2021 and on the 25th day of each month thereafter, Stadco had made and will make monthly payments of principal and interest in the amount of $54 each, with all outstanding principal and accrued interest due and payable on August 25, 2028. Interest shall be calculated based on actual days elapsed and a 360-day year.

The Company shall pay a late charge in the amount of 5% of each payment due under the Stadco Term Loan (other than the balloon payment due at maturity) which is more than ten days in arrears. In addition, from and after the date on which the Stadco Term Loan becomes due, or at Berkshire Bank’s option, could become due and payable (whether accelerated or not), at maturity, upon default or otherwise, interest shall accrue and shall be immediately due and payable at the default rate equal to 5% per annum greater than the interest rate otherwise in effect, but in no event higher than the maximum interest rate permitted by law.

Unamortized debt issue costs on March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $18 and $30, respectively.

Ranor Term Loan and Revolver Loan

A term loan was made to Ranor by Berkshire Bank in 2016 in the amount of $2,850, or the “Ranor Term Loan”. Payments began on January 20, 2017, and were made in monthly installments of $19 each, inclusive of interest at a fixed rate of 5.21% per annum, with all outstanding principal and accrued interest due and payable on the original maturity date, December 20, 2021.

Since December 20, 2021, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into eleven separate amendments to the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and First Amendment to Promissory Note to extend the maturity date of the Ranor Term Loan and Revolver Loan to December 15, 2027 to August 29, 2025.

On June 12, 2023, the Company and Berkshire Bank executed a waiver under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the capital expenditure limit on March 31, 2023. The waiver document also contains an agreement by the parties to exclude from the calculation of capital expenditures for purposes of the Loan Agreement during the year ending March 31, 2024, any such expenditures made by the Company to the extent they are made using funds provided by customers of the Company for the purpose of making such capital expenditures.

On December 20, 2023, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Sixth Amendment”. Effective December 20, 2023, the Sixth Amendment, among other things (i) extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from December 20, 2023 to March 20, 2024; (ii) limited the use of proceeds from the Revolver Loan by the Company or its affiliates to $1,000 in the aggregate for due diligence and related professional costs incurred on or prior to March 20, 2024 in connection with any acquisitions; and (iii) makes certain changes to the amount and methods of valuation of equipment securing repayment of the borrowed funds.

On March 20, 2024, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into a Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Seventh Amendment”. Effective March 20, 2024, the Seventh Amendment, among other things (i) extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from March 20, 2024 to May 20, 2024; (ii) limited the use of proceeds from the Revolver Loan by the Company or its affiliates to $2,000 in the aggregate for due diligence and related professional costs incurred on or prior to May 10, 2024 in connection with any acquisitions; and (iii) makes certain changes to the amount and methods of valuation of equipment securing repayment of the borrowed funds. Through May 20, 2024, Ranor utilized a revolving line of credit with, following certain modifications, a maximum principal amount available of $5,000. Advances under the Revolver Loan are subject to a borrowing base equal to the lesser of (a) $5,000 or (b) the sum of (i)80% of the net outstanding amount of Base Accounts, plus (ii) the lesser of (x)25% of Eligible Raw Material Inventory, and (y) $250, plus (iii)80% of the Appraised Value of the Eligible Equipment, as such terms are defined in the Loan Agreement.

On May 28, 2024, Ranor and the other borrowers entered into an Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note with Berkshire Bank. Effective May 24, 2024, the Eighth Amendment, among other things, (i) extends the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from May 24, 2024 to August 30, 2024; (ii) amends the maximum principal amount of the Revolver Loan from $5,000 to $4,500; and (iii) effective on June 1, 2024, increases the Term SOFR Margin (as defined in the Amendment) used to calculate the interest rate from 2.25% per annum to 2.50% per annum.

On September 4, 2024, December 19, 2024, and April 28, 2025, Ranor and the other borrowers entered into three additional amendments with Berkshire Bank, to extend the maturity date of the Revolver Loan to January 15, 2025, April 30, 2025, and August 29, 2025, respectively.

The Company agrees to pay to Berkshire Bank, as consideration for Berkshire Bank’s agreement to make the Revolver Loan available, a nonrefundable Revolver Loan fee equal to 0.25% per annum (computed based on a year of 360 days and actual days elapsed) on the difference between the amount of: (a) $4,500, and (b) the average daily outstanding balance of the Revolver Loan during the quarterly period then ended. All Revolver Loan fees are payable quarterly in arrears on the first day of each January, April, July and October and on the Revolver Maturity Date, or upon acceleration of the Revolver Loan, if earlier. Interest-only payments on advances made under the Revolver Loan will continue to be payable monthly in arrears. Under the amended promissory note for the Revolver Loan, the Company pays interest at the Term SOFR-based rate.

Paid and accrued interest expense under the Revolver Loan during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $197 and $171, respectively. The weighted average interest rate as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 was 7.47% and 7.60%, respectively. The weighted average amount outstanding during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 was $2,600. There was $3,150 outstanding under the Revolver Loan as of March 31, 2025. Unused borrowing capacity as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1,256 and $539, respectively.

Unamortized debt issue costs at March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $50 and $59, respectively.

Berkshire Loan Covenants

The Company agreed to maintain compliance with certain financial covenants under the Loan Agreement. Namely, the Borrowers agree to maintain the ratio of the Cash Flow of TechPrecision-to-the Total Debt Service of TechPrecision of not less than 1.20 to 1.00, measured quarterly on the last day of each fiscal quarter, or annual period of TechPrecision on a trailing 12-month basis. Calculations will be based on the audited (year-end) and unaudited (quarterly) consolidated financial statements of TechPrecision. Quarterly tests will be measured based on the financial statements included in the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q within 60 days of the end of each quarter, and annual tests will be measured based on the financial statements included in the Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K within 120 days after the end of each fiscal annual period. Cash Flow means an amount, without duplication, equal to the sum of net income of TechPrecision plus (i) interest expense, plus (ii) taxes, plus (iii) depreciation and amortization, plus (iv) stock based compensation expense taken by TechPrecision, plus (v) non-cash losses and charges and one time or non-recurring expenses at Berkshire Bank’s discretion, less (vi) the amount of cash distributions, if any, made to stockholders or owners of TechPrecision, less (vii) cash taxes paid by the TechPrecision, all as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. “Total Debt Service” means an amount, without duplication, equal to the sum of (i) all amounts of cash interest paid on liabilities, obligations, and reserves of TechPrecision paid by TechPrecision, (ii) all amounts paid by TechPrecision in connection with current maturities of long-term debt and preferred dividends, and (iii) all payments on account of capitalized leases, all as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The Borrowers agree to cause their Balance Sheet Leverage to be less than or equal 2.50 to 1.00. For purposes of this covenant, “Balance Sheet Leverage” means, at any date of determination, the ratio of Borrowers’ (a) Total Liabilities, less Subordinated Debt, to (b) Net Worth, plus Subordinated Debt.

The Borrowers agree to maintain a Loan-to-Value Ratio of not greater than 0.75 to 1.00. “Loan-to-Value Ratio” means the ratio of (a) the sum of the outstanding balance of the Ranor Term Loan and the Stadco Term Loan to (b) the fair market value of the property pledged as collateral for the loan, as determined by an appraisal obtained from time to time by Berkshire Bank, but not more frequently than one time during each 365 day period (provided that Berkshire Bank may obtain an appraisal at any time after either the Ranor Term Loan or the Stadco Term Loan has been accelerated), which appraisals shall be at the expense of the Borrowers.

The Borrowers agree that their combined annual capital expenditures shall not exceed $1,500. Compliance shall be tested annually.

On June 12, 2023, the Company and Berkshire Bank executed a waiver under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the capital expenditure limit. The waiver document contains an agreement by the parties to exclude from the calculation of capital expenditures for purposes of the Loan Agreement during the year ending March 31, 2024 any such expenditures made by the Company to the extent they are made using funds provided by customers of the Company for the purpose of making such capital expenditures.

The Company was not in compliance with the debt service and balance sheet leverage tests as of March 31, 2025 and 2024. It is also probable that the Company will not be in compliance with the same debt covenants at subsequent measurement dates within the next twelve months. As a result of the above, all of our long-term debt has been classified as current in our consolidated balance sheet.

Collateral securing all the above obligations comprises all personal and real property of the Company, including cash, accounts receivable, inventories, equipment, and financial assets. The Company’s short-term and long-term debt is all privately held with no public market for this debt and is considered to be Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of short and long-term borrowings approximates their fair value.

Stadco Equipment Financing

Stadco entered into atwo-year equipment financing agreement dated May 1, 2024 to purchase certain computer hardware for $65. On the last day of each month, Stadco will make monthly payments of $3, with all remaining outstanding amounts due and payable on April 30, 2026.

NOTE 13 - OTHER NONCURRENT LIABILITY

Under an addendum to a contract purchase order, one of our customers agreed to reimburse the Company for the cost of certain new equipment. Payments are received as the Company incurs construction costs, and we have received payments from the customer through fiscal 2024. In case of a contract breach, at the time of the breach, the customer may claw back the funds based on a prorated ten-year straight-line annual declining balance recovery period. This liability amount was included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as a noncurrent liability. On March 31, 2025 and 2024, the sum total of $3,235 and $3,528 was included in other noncurrent liabilities for the program described above.

In September 2023, we signed an agreement to purchase new equipment for another customer who agreed to reimburse the Company for the cost of the equipment. We received the first payment in fiscal 2024, with additional payments received during fiscal 2025. Advance payments from the customer accrue in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as a noncurrent liability.

In fiscal year 2023, Stadco entered into an agreement with the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, or “LADWP”, to settle previously outstanding amounts for water, water service, electric energy and/or electric service in the aggregate amount of $1,800 that were delinquent and unpaid. Under the agreement, Stadco will make monthly installment payments on the unpaid balance beginning on December 15, 2022, in an aggregate amount of $18 per month until the earlier of November 15, 2030, or the amount due is paid in full. Late payments will accrue a late payment charge equal to an 18% annual rate on the unpaid balance. This liability amount was included in the Company’s balance sheet as a current and noncurrent liability as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 for $221 and $995, and $221 and $1,254, respectively.

NOTE 14 – LEASES

Stadco is a party to an amended building and property operating lease and recorded a right of use asset and liability of $6,629. Monthly base rent for the property is $83 per month. The term of the lease will expire on June 30, 2030, and the lessee has no right of renewal beyond the expiration date. The lease contains customary default provisions allowing the landlord to terminate the lease if the lessee fails to remedy a breach of its obligations under the lease within the period specified in the lease, or upon certain events of bankruptcy or seizure or attachment of the lessee’s assets or interest in the lease. The lease also contains other customary provisions for real property leases of this type.

The following table lists our right-of-use assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets at:

Other supplemental information regarding our leases is contained in the following tables:

Maturities of lease liabilities on March 31, 2025 for the next five years and thereafter:

NOTE 15 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Employment Agreements

We have employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Such agreements provide for minimum salary levels, adjusted annually, and incentive bonuses that are payable if specified company goals are attained. The aggregate commitment at March 31, 2025 for future executive salaries was $615.

Purchase Commitments

As of March 31, 2025, we had $4,690 in purchase obligations outstanding, which primarily consisted of contractual commitments to purchase new materials and supplies expected to be used over the next twelve months. We also have $10,475 in purchase obligations outstanding for the purchase of machinery and equipment under an arrangement with a certain customer as described above in Note 13 –Noncurrent liabilities. The company will be reimbursed in full by the customer for all purchases.

Retirement Benefits

The Company hastwo defined contribution and savings plans that cover substantially all employees who have completed 90 days of service. The Company contributed the following amounts to the plan during the fiscal years ended:

Legal Proceeding

The estimated amounts of liabilities recorded for pending and threatened litigation are recorded in other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with the accounting standard for contingencies, we record a liability when management believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred, and we can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. Generally, the loss is recorded for the amount we expect to resolve the liability. We believe we have recorded adequate provisions for our litigation matters. We review and adjust these provisions quarterly to reflect the effect of negotiations, settlements, rulings, and advice.

On October 30, 2023, a former employee filed suit against Stadco asserting individual wage and hour claims, claims for age and disability discrimination under California law, and a collective action on behalf of all non-exempt Stadco employees pursuant to the California Private Attorneys General Act of 2004 (“PAGA”) [Cal. Lab. Code, ss. 2698, et seq.], to impose civil penalties for certain violations of the California Labor Code. Stadco has retained outside legal counsel to defend this action. The case was stayed and resolved in principle at mediation on June 26, 2024. The former employee’s individual claims were also resolved at mediation, and final settlement payment on the individual claims was due and paid in August 2024.

On October 8, 2024, the Los Angeles County (CA) Superior Court approved the settlement of the Plaintiff’s claim for imposition of civil penalties pursuant to the PAGA. Under the terms of the PAGA Settlement Agreement, the full PAGA settlement amount was paid by Stadco on December 12, 2024.

NOTE 16 – SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company hastwo wholly owned subsidiaries, Ranor and Stadco, each a reportable segment. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. All the Company’s operations, assets, and customers are located in the U.S. Each reportable segment focuses on the manufacture and assembly of specific components, primarily for defense, aerospace and other precision industrial customers.

Our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, is the Chief Operating Decision Maker, or CODM, and evaluates the performance of our segments based upon, among other things, segment revenue and operating profit. The operating profit metric is what the CODM uses in evaluating segment results of operations and the financial measure that provides insight into our overall performance and financial position.

Segment operating profit includes executive, sales and marketing compensation, and other administrative and corporate expenses allocated equally to each segment based on a revenue run rate. The following table provides summarized financial information for our segments:

NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 28, 2025, Ranor and certain affiliates of the Company entered into the Eleventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Seventh Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note, or the “Eleventh Amendment”, with Berkshire Bank. The Eleventh Amendment, among other things, extended the maturity date of the Revolver Loan from April 30, 2025 to August 29, 2025. (see Note 12 –Debt).

On July 4, 2025, the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act”, or the “Act”, was enacted into law. The Act includes changes to U.S. tax law that will be applicable to the Company beginning in fiscal 2026. These changes include provisions allowing accelerated tax deductions for qualified property, plant and equipment expenditures. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the Act will have on our consolidated financial statements.