Reservoir Media, Inc.

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Reservoir Media, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), is an independent music company based in New York City, New York and with offices in Los Angeles, Nashville, Toronto, London and Abu Dhabi.

Following a business combination between Roth CH Acquisition II Co. (“ROCC”) and Reservoir Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“RHI”), on July 28, 2021 (the “Business Combination”), the Company’s legal name became “Reservoir Media, Inc.” The common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”) and warrants are traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”) under the ticker symbols “RSVR” and “RSVRW,” respectively.

The Company is a holding company that conducts substantially all of its business operations through a subsidiary of RHI, Reservoir Media Management, Inc. (“RMM”), and RMM’s subsidiaries. The Company’s activities are organized intotwo operating segments: Music Publishing and Recorded Music. Operations of the Music Publishing segment involve the acquisition of interests in music catalogs from which royalties are earned as well as signing songwriters to exclusive agreements which give the Company an interest in the future delivery of songs. The publishing catalog includes ownership or control rights to more than 150,000 musical compositions that span across historic pieces, motion picture scores and current award-winning hits. Operations of the Recorded Music segment include the ownership of over 36,000 sound recordings and involve the acquisition of sound recording catalogs as well as the discovery and development of recording artists and the marketing, distribution, sale and licensing of the music catalog.

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and its majority-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in these condensed consolidated financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures typically included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP” or* *“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s audited financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of March 31, 2024, included herein, was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures, including certain notes required by U.S. GAAP on an annual reporting basis.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter, the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025 or any other period.

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates are used for, but not limited to, determining useful lives of intangible assets, intangible asset recoverability and impairment and accrued revenue. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

**NOTE 3.**RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03,Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), which will require disclosure of additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at each interim and annual reporting period. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of ASU 2024-03 will have on its disclosures upon adoption.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which expands income tax disclosures, including requiring enhanced disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods of public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and for annual periods of entities other than public entities beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have on its disclosures upon adoption.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07,Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which expands segment disclosures for public entities, including requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. ASU 2023-07 also expands disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets in interim periods and clarifies that a public entity may report additional measures of segment profit if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss. ASU 2023-07 does not remove existing segment disclosure requirements or change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or determines its reportable segments. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of ASU 2023-07 will have on its disclosures upon adoption.

NOTE 4. REVENUE RECOGNITION

For the Company’s operating segments, Music Publishing and Recorded Music, the Company accounts for a contract when it has legally enforceable rights and obligations and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company identifies the performance obligations and determines the transaction price associated with the contract. Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of the promised services or goods is transferred to the Company’s customers, and in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company is contractually due in exchange for those services or goods. Certain of the Company’s arrangements include licenses of intellectual property with consideration in the form of sales- and usage-based royalties. Royalty revenue is recognized when the subsequent sale or usage occurs using the best estimates available of the amounts that will be received by the Company. The Company recognized revenue of $4,376,551 and $3,682,276 from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.** **

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company’s revenue consisted of the following categories during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Only the United States represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenues in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Deferred Revenue

The following table reflects the change in deferred revenue during the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

NOTE 5. ACQUISITIONS

In the ordinary course of business, the Company regularly acquires publishing and recorded music catalogs, which are typically accounted for as asset acquisitions. During the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company completed such acquisitions totaling $73,189,487 and $43,816,768, respectively, inclusive of deferred acquisition payments, none of which were individually significant.

NOTE 6. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets subject to amortization consist of the following as of December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024:

Straight-line amortization expense totaled $6,658,587 and $6,281,016 in the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Straight-line amortization expense totaled $19,356,966 and $18,433,037 in the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 7. ROYALTY ADVANCES

The Company made royalty advances totaling $13,957,135 and $13,430,007 during the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, recoupable from the writer’s or artist’s share of future royalties otherwise payable, in varying amounts. Advances expected to be recouped within the next twelve months are classified as current assets, with the remainder classified as noncurrent assets, net of reserves for amounts that may not be recoverable.

The following table reflects the change in royalty advances, net during the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

NOTE 8. SECURED LINE OF CREDIT

Long-term debt consists of the following:

Credit Facilities

RMM is party to a credit agreement (as amended or supplemented from time to time, the “RMM Credit Agreement”) governing RMM’s $450,000,000 senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Senior Credit Facility”). The Senior Credit Facility also includes an “accordion feature” that permits RMM to seek additional commitments in an amount not to exceed $150,000,000. The maturity date of the loans advanced under the Senior Credit Facility is December 16, 2027.

The interest rate on borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility is equal to, at our option, either (i) the sum of a base rate plus a margin of 1.00% or (ii) the sum of a Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) rate plus a margin of 2.00%, in each case subject to a 0.25% increase based on a consolidated net senior debt to library value ratio. RMM is also required to pay an unused fee in respect of unused commitments under the Senior Credit Facility, if any, at a rate of 0.25% per annum. Substantially all tangible and intangible assets of the Company, RHI, RMM and the other subsidiary guarantors are pledged as collateral to secure the obligations of RMM under the RMM Credit Agreement.

The RMM Credit Agreement contains customary covenants limiting the ability of the Company, RHI, RMM and certain of its subsidiaries to, among other things, incur debt or liens, merge or consolidate with others, make investments, make cash dividends, redeem or repurchase capital stock, dispose of assets, enter into transactions with affiliates or enter into certain restrictive agreements. In addition, the Company, on a consolidated basis with its subsidiaries, must comply with financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain (i) a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10:1.00 for each four fiscal quarter period, and (ii) a consolidated senior debt to library value ratio of 0.45:1.00, subject to certain adjustments. If RMM does not comply with the covenants in the RMM Credit Agreement, the lenders may, subject to customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding under the Senior Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with both of the financial covenants and all non–financial covenants under the Senior Credit Facility.

As of December 31, 2024, the Senior Credit Facility had a borrowing capacity of $450,000,000, with remaining borrowing availability of $74,171,590.

Interest Rate Swaps

As of December 31, 2024, RMM had the following interest rate swaps outstanding, under which it pays a fixed rate and receives a floating interest payment from the counterparty based on SOFR with reference to notional amounts adjusted to match the amended scheduled principal repayments pursuant to the Senior Credit Facility:

On September 30, 2024, three previous interest rate swaps expired with original notional amounts of $8,875,000, $88,098,862 and $53,030,237. Through the expiration date of these previous interest rate swaps, RMM paid fixed rates of 1.53%,1.422% and 0.972%, respectively, to the counterparty and received a floating interest payment from the counterparty based on SOFR with reference to notional amounts adjusted to match the original scheduled principal repayments pursuant to the indenture agreement.

NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense (benefit) for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1,987,150 (27.2% effective tax rate) and $(1,226,649) (30.0% effective tax rate), respectively. Income tax expense (benefit) for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1,540,589 (23.5% effective tax rate) and $(872,663) (30.2% effective tax rate), respectively. Income tax expense during the nine months ended December 31, 2024 reflects excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation and an incremental tax benefit of approximately $103,000 related to certain international intangible assets. The income tax expense (benefit) during these periods also reflects the amount and mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions.

NOTE 10. SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Interest paid and income taxes paid for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were comprised of the following:

Non-cash investing and financing activities for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were comprised of the following:

NOTE 11. WARRANTS

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s outstanding warrants included 5,750,000 publicly-traded warrants (the “Public Warrants”), which were issued during ROCC’s initial public offering on December 15, 2020, and 137,500 warrants sold in a private placement to ROCC’s sponsor (the “Private Warrants” and together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”), which were assumed by the Company in connection with the Business Combination and exchanged into warrants for shares of Common Stock. Each whole Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchaseone whole share of Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, provided that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available and such shares are registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities, or blue sky, laws of the state of residence of the holder.

The Warrants will expire on July 28, 2026, which isfive years after the completion of the Business Combination, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, if and only if the last sale price of Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20-trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the registered holders.

NOTE 12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share-based compensation expense totaled $1,006,468 ($782,505, net of taxes) and $812,860 ($626,015, net of taxes) during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Share-based compensation expense totaled $3,333,853 ($2,591,992, net of taxes) and $2,540,146 ($1,956,263, net of taxes) during the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Share-based compensation expense is classified as “Administration expenses” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

During the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to satisfy previous obligations to issue a variable number of equity awards based on a fixed monetary amount. Prior to the issuance of these RSUs, the Company classified these awards as liabilities. Upon issuance of the RSUs the awards became equity-classified as they no longer met the criteria to be liability-classified and as a result liabilities of $802,500 and $744,167 were reclassified from accounts payable and accrued liabilities to additional paid-in capital during the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 13. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share calculation for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Because of their anti-dilutive effect,5,887,500 shares of Common Stock equivalents, comprised of warrants, have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024. Because of their anti-dilutive effect,7,895,381 shares of Common Stock equivalents, comprised of 1,381,916 stock options,625,965 RSUs and 5,887,500 warrants have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023.

NOTE 14. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company is exposed to the following risks related to its financial instruments:

Credit risk arises from the possibility that the Company’s debtors may be unable to fulfill their financial obligations. Revenues earned from publishing and distribution companies are concentrated in the music and entertainment industry. The Company monitors its exposure to credit risk on a regular basis.

The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates on its Senior Credit Facility. As described in Note 8, “Secured Line of Credit,” the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to partially reduce its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on its Credit Facilities.

The fair value of the outstanding interest rate swaps consisted of a $3,099,673 asset as of December 31, 2024 and a $5,753,488 asset and a $121,374 liability as of March 31, 2024. Fair value is determined using Level 2 inputs, which are based on quoted prices and market observable data, including changes in SOFR, of similar instruments. The change in the unrealized fair value of the swaps during the three months ended December 31, 2024 of $3,084,761 reflects marking to market our current interest rate swap hedges and was recorded as a Gain on fair value of swaps. The change in the unrealized fair value of the swaps during the nine months ended December 31, 2024 of $(2,532,441) was driven primarily by the September 2024 decrease in SOFR, as well as the time value of the swaps that expired on September 30, 2024, partially offset by marking to market our current interest rate swap hedges and was recorded as a Loss on fair value of swaps. The change in the unrealized fair value of the swaps during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023 of $4,247,523 and $1,774,045, respectively, was recorded as a Loss on fair value of swaps.

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk in fluctuations of currency rates on its revenue from royalties, writers’ fees, artist royalties and its subsidiaries’ operations.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company holds investments in equity securities of three unconsolidated entities in which the Company is not able to exercise significant influence, that do not have readily determinable market values. The Company accounts for these investments using a measurement alternative that measures these securities at initial cost, minus any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes on a non-recurring basis. The fair value of non-marketable equity securities that have been remeasured due to impairment are classified within Level 3 with gains or losses, if any, classified as Other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of income (loss).

An investment in equity securities was sold during the three months ended December 31, 2024, which resulted in recognition of a gain of $103,715. Prior to the disposition, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $991,105 to write-down this investment to its estimated fair value during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023.

Financial instruments not described elsewhere include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and the Company’s secured line of credit. The carrying values of these instruments as of December 31, 2024 do not differ materially from their respective fair values due to the immediate or short-term duration of these items or their bearing market-related rates of interest.

NOTE 15. CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS

Litigation

The Company is subject to claims and contingencies in the normal course of business. To the extent the Company cannot predict the outcome of the claims and contingencies or estimate the amount of any loss that may result, no provision for any contingent liabilities has been made in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company believes that losses resulting from these matters, if any, would not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. All such matters which the Company concludes are probable to result in a loss and for which management can reasonably estimate the amount of such loss have been accrued for within these condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company had been involved in a royalty dispute, which commenced in 2017 (the “Royalty Dispute”). Under the terms of the Company’s royalty contract, the Company is indemnified for legal expenses and attorneys’ fees incurred by the Company in connection with the Royalty Dispute, including, without limitation, the right to withhold royalties or offset all such legal expenses and attorneys’ fees against royalties otherwise owed under the contract. The Company recorded legal expenses and attorneys’ fees incurred as recoupable advances against the royalty account under such contract beginning in 2017. In September 2023, the Company engaged in mediation sessions in an effort to reach a settlement of the Royalty Dispute. Following such mediation and associated settlement negotiations, the Company agreed to pay previously accrued but unpaid royalties plus interest and forego its right to recoup its historical legal expenses and attorneys’ fees in order to resolve the Royalty Dispute. Consequently, during the nine months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $2,700,000 of Administration expenses to write-off recoupable legal expenses and attorneys’ fees and recorded $620,000 of interest expense based on amounts it paid in October 2023, pursuant to a final settlement agreement reached on October 3, 2023 to resolve the Royalty Dispute.

NOTE 16. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company’s business is organized intwo reportable segments: Music Publishing and Recorded Music. The Company identified its Chief Executive Officer as its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The Company’s CODM evaluates financial performance of its segments based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is operating income before depreciation and amortization (“OIBDA”). The accounting policies of the Company’s business segments are consistent with the Company’s policies for the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not have sales between segments.

The following tables present total revenue and reconciliation of OIBDA to operating income by segment for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: