NANOVIRICIDES INC

Note 1 – Organization and Nature of Business

NanoViricides, Inc. (the “Company”) is a clinical stage nano-biopharmaceutical company specializing in the discovery, development, and commercialization of drugs to combat viral infections using its unique and novel nanomedicines technology. NanoViricides possesses its own facility that supports research and development and drug discovery, drug candidate optimization, cGMP-compliant drug substance manufacturing, cGMP-compliant manufacturing and packaging of drug products for human clinical trials, and early commercialization. The Company has several drugs in various stages of development.

NanoViricides, Inc. is domiciled under the laws of the State of Delaware, with its principal operations located in the State of Connecticut. The Company’s fiscal year begins on July 1 st and ends on the next June 30 th of the calendar year. The Company operates inone reportable business segment.

The Company devotes substantially all its activity to advancing research and development, including efforts in connection with clinical trials. The Company’s lead drug candidate is the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) NV-387. NV-387 is a uniquely broad-spectrum antiviral drug that has demonstrated strong activity in lethal lung infection animal model studies of Coronavirus, RSV, Influenza and even an Orthopoxvirus model for Smallpox and MPox. The Company plans on developing NV-387 first as a treatment of RSV infection in pediatric patients.

At present, NV-387 is undergoing a PhaseIa/Ib human clinical trial for safety and tolerability in healthy subjects for the treatment of COVID-19, sponsored by our licensee and collaborator in India, Karveer Meditech Private Limited (KMPL). The trial involved Phase Ia single-ascending dose and Phase Ib multiple ascending dose studies in healthy subjects. Subjects were sequestered upon enrollment in a dedicated ward of the hospital clinical trial site during treatment. All subjects have been discharged and follow-up visits have been completed as of approximately the end of December 2023. The results of this clinical trial were consistent with the results of a single-injection safety/tolerability study in rats performed in support of the clinical trial application.

The clinical trial application for this clinical trial was submitted during the pandemic and a separate part of the clinical trial for the treatment of COVID patients with NV-387 was also proposed. This second part of the clinical trials was cancelled due to inability to find patients to enroll despite opening a second site. The second site was subsequently closed around April/May 2024. Meanwhile, data upload and crosschecking activities for the healthy subjects Phase Ia/Ib part have now been completed.

The Company is now working on developing the necessary datasets, documentation, and clinical trial pathway and trial designs, for a Phase II clinical trial application for the use of NV-387 for the treatment of RSV infection, as the Phase Ia/Ib study progresses into the data analysis phase.

The Company further plans on expanding the indications of NV-387 to other respiratory viral infections including Influenzas, Coronaviruses, and others.

Additionally, the Company has previously developed a clinical drug candidate, NV-HHV-1 formulated as skin cream, for the treatment of Shingles. The Company plans on taking NV-HHV-1 into human clinical trials, and further develop the HerpeCide™ program after engaging into clinical trials of NV-387 in Phase II for RSV and possibly for multiple indications, including Influenzas. In the HerpeCide program alone, the Company has drug candidates against at least five indications at different stages of development. The Company’s drug candidates against HSV-1 “cold sores” and HSV-2 “genital herpes” are in advanced pre-clinical studies and are expected to follow the shingles drug candidate into human clinical trials. In addition, the Company has drug candidates against HIV/AIDS, Dengue, Ebola/Marburg, and other viruses.

The Company’s drugs are based on several patents, patent applications, provisional patent applications, and other proprietary intellectual property held by TheraCour Pharma, Inc. (“TheraCour”), a related party substantially owned by Dr. Anil Diwan, to which the Company has broad, exclusive licenses. The licenses are to entire fields and not to specific compounds. In all, the Company has exclusive, worldwide licenses for the treatment of the following human viral diseases: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2), Influenza and Asian Bird Flu Virus, Dengue viruses, Ebola/Marburg viruses, Japanese Encephalitis virus, viruses causing viral Conjunctivitis (a disease of the eye) and Ocular Herpes (restated), Varicella Zoster Virus (“VZV”) infections (i.e. Shingles and Chickenpox), and SARS-CoV-2 infections. In all cases, the discovery of ligands and polymer materials as well as formulations, the chemistry and chemical characterization, as well as process development and related work will be performed by TheraCour, a related party substantially owned by Dr. Anil Diwan, under the same compensation terms as prior agreements between the parties, with no duplication of costs allowed. Upon commercialization, NanoViricides will pay 15% of net sales to TheraCour. Milestone payments were made or are specified in certain of the license agreements, details of which have been disclosed at the time the agreements were entered into. The Company negotiates and licenses specific verticals of therapeutic applications from TheraCour if promising drug candidates are found in early research and development against a virus target. TheraCour has not denied any such licenses when requested.

The Company has executed a new Memorandum of Understanding with TheraCour by signing as of September 23, 2024 and becoming effective as of September 20, 2024, subsequent to the reported period, whereby the Company has obtained a right of first refusal for all antiviral drug developments including unlicensed ones, and has codified the process of development of drugs for unlicensed viral indications leading later to appropriate license agreements. The Parties have also agreed in this MoU that any cash milestone payments related to development activities, that are awardable, will become payable only upon the Company having sufficient revenue, thus extending the provisions previously incorporated in the Amendment to the COVID License Agreement, to all present and future license agreements. This removes any potential cash flow stress that may occur due to such milestone payments while the Company continues its developments while not raising profits.

The Company has out-licensed NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R for further clinical drug development and commercialization in the territory of India to KMPL, a company of which Dr. Anil Diwan is a passive investor and advisor. KMPL has sponsored NV-CoV-2 for human clinical trials and has obtained regulatory approvals in India. KMPL has retained a local clinical research organization (CRO) to conduct the clinical trials. NV-CoV-2, Phase Ia/Ib human clinical trials in India, sponsored by KMPL began on June 17, 2023. The clinical trial drug products, NV-CoV-2 Oral Syrup, and NV-CoV-2 Oral Gummies, were manufactured at the Company’s Shelton campus, and then shipped to and received by KMPL. Under the agreement with KMPL, the Company will pay for the expenses of the clinical trials, and in return will benefit from having the data and reports made available for regulatory filings in other territories of the world. Upon commercialization, the Company will receive royalties from KMPL equal to 70% of sales net of costs to unaffiliated third parties.

Note 2 – Liquidity

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared assuming that it will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. As reflected in the financial statements, the Company has an accumulated deficit at June 30, 2024 of approximately $139.4 million and a net loss of approximately $8.3 million and net cash used in operating activities of approximately $6.3 million for the year then ended. In addition, the Company has not generated any revenues andno revenues are anticipated in the foreseeable future. Since May 2005, the Company has been engaged exclusively in research and development activities focused on developing targeted antiviral drugs. The Company is in the regulatory drug development phase. It has not yet commenced any product commercialization. Such losses are expected to continue for the foreseeable future and until such time, if ever, as the Company is able to attain sales levels sufficient to support its operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had approximately $4,798,000 in cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s liabilities at June 30, 2024 were approximately $1,359,000, including accounts payable of approximately $376,000 payable to third parties, accounts payable to TheraCour of approximately $720,000, and accrued expenses of approximately $262,000. Management believes that the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance of approximately $4.8 million, additional capital raised of approximately $1.5 million by ATM sales of our common stock from July 1, 2024 through September 10, 2024, and the Company’s existing resources, including availability under its $3 million line of credit will not be sufficient to fund the Company’s planned operations and expenditures for at least 12 months from the date of the filing of this Form 10-K. As a result substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon controlling its overall expenses and identifying and securing additional financing.

The Company believes that it has several important milestones, including data from and final reports from the Phase Ia/Ib human clinical trial for the Company’s broad-spectrum, antiviral drug NV-387. This Phase Ia/Ib human clinical trial is for evaluating the safety and tolerability of two oral formulations of NV-387, namely (i) NV-CoV-2 Oral Gummies, and (ii) NV-387 Oral Syrup, as described elsewhere, with COVID as the indication. The safety and tolerability data from this clinical trial is expected to be applicable as Phase Ia/Ib data for other indications of NV-387 as well, including RSV, MPOX, Influenza and others. Additional milestones include Pre-IND and IND filing to the US FDA for RSV and clinical trial application for Phase II clinical trial of NV-387 for the treatment of RSV infection in adults with the goal towards further regulatory advancement and approval of NV-387 for the treatment of pediatric RSV infection. To this end, the Company is also evaluating the possibility of a Phase IIa clinical trial of a RSV Infection Challenge in Humans.

Management believes that as these milestones are achieved, the Company would likely experience improvement in the liquidity of the Company’s stock, and such improvement, if any, would enhance the Company’s ability to raise funds on the public markets at terms that may be favorable to the terms offered at present.

Management is actively exploring additional required funding through non-dilutive grants and contracts, partnering, debt or equity financing pursuant to its plan. There is no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining sufficient financing on terms acceptable to us to fund continuing operations.

Management believes that it has on-going access to the capital markets including the “At-The-Market” (ATM) agreement with EF Hutton, the Sales Agent, that became active around April 5, 2024.

From July 1, 2024 through September 10, 2024, subsequent to the Company’s fiscal year end, the Company sold 772,836 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $1.98 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering was approximately $1,533,000 after placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses.

There can be no assurance that the Company’s plans will not change or that changed circumstances will not result in the depletion of its capital resources more rapidly than it currently anticipates. The Company will need to raise additional capital to fund its long-term operations and research and development plans including human clinical trials for its various drug candidates until it generates revenue that reaches a level sufficient to provide self-sustaining cash flows. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise the necessary capital or that it will be on acceptable terms. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of such unidentified uncertainties.

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented.

Net Loss per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially outstanding shares of common stock during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through warrants and convertible preferred stock.

The following table shows the number of potentially outstanding dilutive common shares excluded from the diluted net loss per common share calculation, as their effects were anti-dilutive:

The Company has 892,625 and 547,674 shares of Series A preferred stock outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Only in the event of a “change of control” of the Company, each Series A preferred share is convertible to 3.5 shares of its new common stock. A “change of control” is defined as an event in which the Company’s shareholders become 60% or less owners of a new entity as a result of a change of ownership, merger or acquisition of the Company or the Company’s intellectual property. In the absence of a change of control event, the Series A preferred stock is not convertible into common stock, and does not carry any dividend rights or any other financial effects. At June 30, 2024 and 2023 the number of potentially dilutive shares of the Company’s common stock into which these Series A preferred shares can be converted into is 3,124,188 and 1,916,859, respectively, and is not included in diluted earnings per share since the shares are contingently convertible only upon a change of control.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The amounts of assets and liabilities reported in the Company’s balance sheet and the amounts of expenses reported for each of the periods presented are affected by estimates and assumptions, which are used for but not limited to, accounting for share-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value for applicable assets and liabilities, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and we consider assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of nonperformance. This guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy to prioritize inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets and would be charged to earnings. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. The Company did not identify any indicators or impairment and has not recorded an impairment charge for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, using the straight-line method. The Company generally assigns useful lives ofthirty years for assets classified as GMP facility, fifteen years for assets classified as furniture and fixtures, ten years for assets classified as lab equipment, andfive years for assets classified as office equipment. Expenditures for major additions and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Upon sale or retirement of property and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in the statements of operations.

Intangible Assets

NanoViricides, Inc.’s intangible assets include acquired licenses and capitalized patent costs representing legal fees associated with filing patent applications. Intangible assets with finite lives, licenses and patent costs, are amortized using the straight- line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets, which range from seventeen totwenty years. The Company’s intangible assets with finite lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Intangible assets determined to have indefinite useful lives, primarily patent costs, are not amortized but are tested for impairment during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset may be impaired. The Company accounts for patent costs in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) ASC 350-30,General Intangibles Other than Goodwill. The Company will begin amortizing the patent costs when they are brought to the market or otherwise commercialized. In accordance with ASC 350, each year the Company may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of each patent is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to complete quantitative impairment assessments.

Research and Development

All costs of research and development are expensed as incurred.

When preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our accrued clinical expenses. This process involves reviewing contracts and communicating with the personnel to identify services that have been performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of actual cost. Payments under some of the contracts we have with third parties depend on factors, such as successful enrollment of certain numbers of patients, site initiation and the completion of clinical trial milestones, which is usually the case with clinical services contracts.

When accruing clinical expenses, we estimate the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If possible, we obtain information regarding unbilled services directly from our service providers. However, we may be required to estimate the cost of these services based only on information available to us. If we underestimate or overestimate the cost associated with a trial or service at a given point in time, adjustments to research and development expenses may be necessary in future periods. Historically, our estimated accrued clinical expenses have approximated actual expense incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718 – “Stock Compensation”, which requires the measurement of compensation expense for all shared-based payment awards made to employees, non-employee directors, and non-employees, including employee stock options and grants of warrants to non-employees. Stock-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 and is generally recognized as an expense over the requisite service period, net of forfeitures.

The fair value of common stock issued as employee and non-employee compensation is the average of the open and close share price on the date the common shares are issued.

The Series A preferred shares are not traded in any market. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Series A preferred shares issued as employee and non-employee compensation are presented in Note 8 to the financial statements.

The fair value of each option or warrant award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing valuation model. The ranges of assumptions for inputs are as follows:

The Company’s policy is to recognize compensation cost for awards with only service conditions and a graded vesting schedule on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

Income Tax Provision

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Deferred income taxes are measured by applying enacted statutory rates to net operating loss carryforwards and to the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company recognizes uncertainty in income taxes in the financial statements using a recognition threshold and measurement attribute of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company applies the “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold to all tax positions, which resulted inno unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company has opted to classify interest and penalties that would accrue, if any, according to the provisions of relevant tax law as general and administrative expenses, in the statements of operations.

Concentrations of Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains deposits in FDIC or SIPC insured institutions in excess of federally insured limits under the FDIC. Although the Company currently believes that the financial institutions with whom it does business will be able to fulfill their commitments to the Company, there is no assurance that those institutions will be able to continue to do so. The Company has not experienced any credit losses associated with its balances in such accounts for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and Impact of all Accounting Standard Updates (“ASU’s”). ASU’s not discussed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s financial statements.

ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this Update require that public business entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income [or loss] by the applicable statutory income tax rate). Additionally, the ASU requires all entities to disclose the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, as well as individual jurisdictions where income taxes paid are equal to or greater than 5 percent of total income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis. While the Company is currently evaluating the adoption impact of this ASU on its financial statements, the preliminary assessment is that the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements and the Company’s disclosures.

ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The requirements of this update require disclosure of significant segments expenses and increase the frequency of segment reporting to interim periods. The ASU is effective for all public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim period beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and is applicable to all periods presented in the financial statements unless retrospective application is impracticable. While the Company is currently evaluating the adoption impact of this ASU on its financial statements, the preliminary assessment is that the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements and the Company’s disclosures.

There have been certain changes in ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) - Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under GAAP. The ASU also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity-linked contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. The Company adopted this ASU as of July 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective approach without a material impact on its financial statements.

Note 4 – Related Party Transactions

Related Parties

Related parties with whom the Company had transactions are:

Property and Equipment

Accounts Payable- Related Party

Research and Development Costs - Related Party

Clinical Trial Costs - Related Party

License Milestone Fee – Related Party

On September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a COVID-19 license agreement (the “TheraCour – Nanoviricides COVID License Agreement”) to use, promote, offer for sale, import, export, sell and distribute drugs that treat COVID-19 infections, using TheraCour’s proprietary as well as patented technology and intellectual property. Pursuant to such license agreement, the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 100,000 fully vested shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock as a license milestone payment and recorded an expense to Research and Development of $935,088 for the year ended June 30, 2022. On April 20, 2023, the Company was notified that the Company’s licensee, KMPL was authorized to enter into Phase Ia/Ib clinical trials of its COVID, NV-CoV-2 Oral Syrup and its NV-CoV-2 Oral Gummies after satisfying the conditions of a conditional authorization received on or about January 27, 2023. Pursuant to the TheraCour – Nanoviricides COVID License Agreement a milestone payment of 50,000 shares fully vested shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock was issue as a license milestone payment and recorded as an expense to research and development of approximately $157,000 for the year ended June 30, 2023 representing the fair value of the shares on the date of grant. On June 19, 2023, the Company was notified that the Company’s licensee, KMPL had commenced volunteer recruitments for Phase Ia/Ib clinical trials of the NV-CoV-2 Oral Syrup and NV-CoV-2 Oral Gummies. Pursuant to the TheraCour–Nanoviricides COVID License Agreement a milestone payment of $1,500,000 became due 5 days thereafter and was recorded as a non-current liability and research and development expense.

On July 19, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with TheraCour, to accept the Company’s unsecured convertible promissory note (the “Note”) in payment of the milestone award. The Note accrues simple interest at the rate of 12% per annum and is due and payable on January 19, 2025, the maturity date. The principal of the Note is convertible, at TheraCour’s option, into 331,859 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock, par value $0.00001 at the conversion price, specified as the fair value of the Series A shares on July 19, 2023 in the terms and conditions contained within the Note. On October 27, 2023 TheraCour exercised its right to convert the principal of the July 19, 2023 Note into 331,859 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock. Furthermore, TheraCour cancelled all of the accrued interest on the Note totaling $49,808 which has been reported as a capital transaction credit to additional paid in capital on the accompanying statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. Total interest incurred under the Note for the year ended June 30, 2024 was $49,808.

On February 12, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment to the COVID License Agreement with TheraCour dated September 7, 2021, whereby any further cash milestone payments that would be earned upon milestone event would only become payable upon the Company having sufficient revenues, with only a portion of revenues to be used for satisfying such milestone payments.

Line of Credit - Related Party

On November 13, 2023, the Company’s President and CEO, Dr. Anil R. Diwan, entered into a Line of Credit Agreement whereby Dr. Diwan agreed to provide a standby Line of Credit to the Company in the maximum amount of $2,000,000. All amounts outstanding under the Line of Credit, including principal, accrued interest and other fees and charges, will be due and payable on December 31, 2024. Amounts drawn down under the Line of Credit shall bear interest at a fixed rate of 12%. Advancements under the Line of Credit will be collateralized by an Open End Mortgage Deed on the Company’s real property at 1 Controls Drive, Shelton, Connecticut and a Chattel Mortgage (U.C.C - 1 filing) against the Company’s equipment and fixtures. Any draw down under the Line of Credit requires the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors. On February 12, 2024 the Company, pursuant to Article 2.5 of the Company’s Line of Credit Agreement with Dr. Anil R. Diwan, signed an Extension Agreement which extended the maturity of the Company’s Line of Credit from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025.

By signing on September 23, 2024 and becoming effective as of September 20, 2024, subsequent to the reporting period, the Company, pursuant to Article 2.5 of the Company’s Line of Credit Agreement with Dr. Anil R. Diwan, signed an Amendment Agreement which increased the available line of credit from $2,000,000 to $3,000,000, and extended the maturity of the Company’s Line of Credit from December 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026. There were no other amendments to the original Line of Credit. The Company hasnot drawn against the Line of Credit facility as of June 30, 2024.

Note 5 – Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation consisted of the following:

Depreciation expense for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $750,744 and $739,259 respectively.

Note 6 – Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consists of the following:

Amortization expense amounted to $8,270 and $8,270 for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NanoViricides, Inc.’s intangible assets include acquired licenses and capitalized patent costs representing legal fees associated with filing patent applications.

Note 7 – Accrued expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

Note 8 – Equity Transactions

Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2024 Transactions

On July 19, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with TheraCour, to accept the Company’s unsecured convertible promissory note (the “Note”) in payment of the milestone award earned under the COVID License Agreement. The Note accrued simple interest at the rate of 12% per annum and was due and payable on January 19, 2025, the maturity date. The principal of the Note was convertible, at TheraCour’s option, into 331,859 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock, par value $0.00001 at the conversion price, specified as the fair value of the Series A shares on July 19, 2023 in the terms and conditions contained within the Note. On October 27, 2023 TheraCour exercised its right to convert the principal of the July 19, 2023 Note into 331,859 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock. Furthermore, TheraCour cancelled all of the accrued interest on the Note totaling $49,808 which has been reported as a capital transaction credit to additional paid in capital on the accompanying statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. Total interest incurred under the Note for the year ended June 30, 2024 was $49,808.

On October 6, 2023, the Board of Directors and Dr. Anil Diwan, President and Chairman of the Board agreed to the extension of Dr. Diwan’s employment agreement for a period ofone year from July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024 under the same general terms and conditions. The Company granted Dr. Diwan an award of 10,204 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock. The shares vested in quarterly installments of 2,551 shares on September 30, 2023, December 31, 2023, March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024. The Company recognized non-cash compensation expense related to the issuance of the Series A preferred stock of $32,498 during the year ended June 30, 2024, which was the fair value on the date of issuance.

On April 15, 2024, the Company entered into a new ATM sales agreement with. E.F. Hutton Securities, the Sales Agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through or to the Sales Agent, shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50 million. From May 8, 2024 through June 30, 2024 the Company sold 1,308,651 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $2.47 per share. The shares were issued pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated May 5, 2023 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2023 in connection with the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3, as amended (File No. 333-271706, which became effective on May 22, 2023). The net proceeds to the Company from the offering was approximately $3,120,000 after placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses.

The Company accounted for the proceeds of the ATM Offering, approximately, as follows:

For the year ended June 30, 2024, the Scientific Advisory Board was granted fully vested warrants to purchase 1,144 shares of common stock at exercise prices between $1.43- $1.66 per share expiring in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2028. The fair value of the warrants was $563 for the year ended June 30, 2024 and recorded as consulting expense.

For the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company estimated the fair value of the warrants granted quarterly to the Scientific Advisory Board on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Model with the following assumptions:

For the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 2,888 shares of its Series A preferred stock, which are fully vested with a restrictive legend for employee compensation. The Company recorded an expense of $10,747 during the year ended June 30, 2024, which is the fair value on the date of issuance.

There is currently no market for the shares of Series A preferred stock and they can only be converted into shares of common stock upon a change of control of the Company as more fully described in the Certificate of Designation. The Company, therefore, estimated the fair value of the Series A preferred stock granted to various employees and others on the date of grant. The fair value of the Series A preferred stock at each issuance was estimated based upon the price of the Company’s common stock after an application for a reasonable discount for lack of marketability.

For the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 1,786 fully vested shares of its common stock for employee compensation. The Company recognized a noncash compensation expense of $2,340 which was the fair value on the date of issuance.

For the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 101,542 fully vested shares of its common stock with a restrictive legend for consulting and legal services. The Company recorded an expense of $131,600, which was the fair value on the dates of issuance.

For the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 33,579 fully vested shares of its common stock with a restrictive legend for director services. The Company recorded an expense of $45,000, which was the fair value on the dates of issuance.

Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2023 Transactions

On February 7, 2023, the Board of Directors and a majority of the shareholders of the Company approved the redomiciling of the Company wherein the Company would redomicile from a Nevada corporation to a Delaware corporation. The redomicile became effective on May 30, 2023 pursuant to Section 265 of the Delaware General Corporation Law and Sections 92A.120 and 92A.250 of the Nevada Revised Statutes. The redomicile occurred according to the Plan of Conversion whereby each share of the Company’s $0.001 par value common stock was converted intoone share of $0.00001 par value common stock, and each share of the Company’s $0.001 par value preferred stock was converted intoone share of $0.00001 par value preferred stock. The effect of the conversion decreased the total par value of common stock as reported on the Company’s Balance Sheet at June 30, 2022 from $11,592 to $116, and decreased the total par value of preferred stock as reported on the Company’s June 30, 2022 balance sheet from $485 to $5, and increased additional paid in capital as reported on the Company’s balance sheet at June 30, 2022 by $11,596.

On April 20, 2023, the Company was notified that the Company’s licensee, KMPL was authorized to enter into Phase Ia/Ib clinical trials of its COVID, NV-CoV-2 Oral Syrup and its NV-CoV-2 Oral Gummies after satisfying the conditions of a conditional authorization received on or about January 27, 2023. Pursuant to the TheraCour – Nanoviricides COVID License Agreement, the Board authorized 50,000 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred shares to be issued to Theracour as a license milestone payment and recorded an expense to research and development of approximately $157,000 which was the fair value on the date the milestone was met for the year ended June 30, 2023.

On October 6, 2022, the Board of Directors and Dr. Anil Diwan, President and Chairman of the Board agreed to the extension of Dr. Diwan’s employment agreement for a period ofone year from July 1, 2022 through June 30, 2023 under the same general terms and conditions. The Company granted Dr. Diwan an award of 10,204 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock. The shares vested in quarterly installments of 2,551 shares on September 30, 2022, December 31, 2022, March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023. The Company recognized non-cash compensation expense related to the issuance of the Series A preferred stock of approximately $44,000 during the year ended June 30, 2023, which is the fair value on the date of issuance.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Scientific Advisory Board was granted fully vested warrants to purchase 1,144 shares of common stock at exercise prices between $1.39- $3.40 per share expiring in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2027. The fair value of the warrants was $1,012 for the year ended June 30, 2023 and recorded as consulting expense.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company estimated the fair value of the warrants granted quarterly to the Scientific Advisory Board on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Model with the following assumptions:

For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 2,888 shares of its Series A preferred stock, which are fully vested with a restrictive legend for employee compensation. The Company recorded an expense of approximately $12,000 during the year ended June 30, 2023, which is the fair value on the date of issuance.

There is currently no market for the shares of Series A preferred stock and they can only be converted into shares of common stock upon a change of control of the Company as more fully described in the Certificate of Designation. The Company, therefore, estimated the fair value of the Series A preferred stock granted to various employees and others on the date of grant. The fair value of the Series A Convertible preferred stock at each issuance was estimated based upon the price of the Company’s common stock after an application for a reasonable discount for lack of marketability.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 3,572 fully vested shares of its common stock for employee compensation. The Company recognized a noncash compensation expense of $4,822 which was the fair value on the date of issuance.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 72,668 fully vested shares of its common stock with a restrictive legend for consulting services. The Company recorded an expense of $108,000, which was the fair value at the dates of issuance.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 30,084 fully vested shares of its common stock with a restrictive legend for director services. The Company recorded an expense of $45,000, which was the fair value at date of issuance.

Note 9 – Common Stock Warrants

Stock Warrants

Of the above warrants;2,286 expire in fiscal year ending June 30, 2025;2,288 expire in fiscal year ending June 30, 2026;1,144 expire in fiscal year ending June 30, 2027 and 1,144 expire in fiscal year ending June 30, 2028.

Note 10 – Income Tax Provision

The Company hasno current tax expense due to its losses.

The income tax expense for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% and 21% respectively as follows:

The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets at June 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

At June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets of 39,771,969 and $37,390,846, respectively, since in the judgment of management, these assets are not more than likely than not to be realized.

As of June 30, 2024, the Company has approximately $109 million of gross net operating loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income, if any for federal and state tax purposes. The aggregate federal net operating losses generated for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 of approximately $8.1 million can be carried forward indefinitely. However, the deduction for net operating losses incurred in tax years beginning after January 1, 2018 is limited to 80% of annual taxable income. Net operating losses generated in years ended June 30, 2018 and prior have a 20-year carryforward and will begin expiring in 2025. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, research and development credit carryforwards for federal and state purposes are $8,154,686, and $7,868,816, respectively. The state net operating loss and credit carryforwards begin to expire in 2025.

Due to the change in ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the availability of the Company’s net operating loss carry-forwards could be subject to annual limitations against taxable income in future periods, which could substantially limit the eventual utilization of such carryforwards. The Company has not analyzed the historical or potential impact of its equity financings on beneficial ownership and therefore no determination has been made whether the net operating loss carryforward is subject to any Internal Revenue Code Section 382 limitation. To the extent there is a limitation, there could be a reduction in the deferred tax asset with an offsetting reduction in the valuation allowance.

The Company does not have any uncertain tax positions at June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 that would affect its effective tax rate. The Company does not anticipate a significant change in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits over the next twelve months. Because the Company is in a loss carryforward position, the Company is generally subject to US federal and state income tax examinations by tax authorities for all years for which a loss carryforward is available. If and when applicable, the Company will recognize interest and penalties as part of income tax expense.

Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings for which we have insurance coverage. There are no pending legal proceedings against the Company to the best of the Company’s knowledge as of the date hereof and to the Company’s knowledge no action, suit or proceeding has been threatened against the Company that we believe will have a material adverse effect to our business, financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Employment Agreements

As of July 1, 2024, NanoViricides, Inc. entered into an Extension Agreement (the “Extension”) of the 2024 Employment Agreement with Dr. Anil Diwan entered into on July 1, 2018 (the “Employment Agreement”) to continue to serve as the President of the Company, effective July 1, 2024 under the same general terms and conditions. The Extension provides that Dr. Diwan will continue to serve as the Company’s President until June 30, 2025 at a base annual base salary of $400,000. Dr. Diwan shall be entitled to participate in all fringe benefits the Company provides for its employees generally and such other benefits as the Company provides for its senior executives. In addition, the Company shall maintain a Term Life Insurance policy for Dr. Diwan, valued at $2 million, of which $1 million shall be assigned to the Company and the remaining balance to Dr. Diwan’s estate. In addition, as an incentive towards the ultimate success of the Company, and to provide leadership authority to Dr. Diwan, the Company granted 10,204 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share to Dr. Diwan. Dr. Diwan’s rights in the shares shall vest in equal, quarterly installments commencing on September 30, 2024 and fully vest on June 30, 2025. The Company will recognize non-cash compensation expense related to the issuance of the Series A preferred stock of $49,795 during the year ended June 30, 2025. Dr. Diwan will be eligible to receive severance if he is terminated by the Company other than for cause in which event the Company shall pay to Dr. Diwan an amount equal to six (6) month’s salary as severance compensation (without regard to compensation or benefits Dr. Diwan receives from any other source). Dr. Diwan shall be eligible for all benefits during this six (6) month period including bonuses, vesting of previously awarded stock options, health care insurance and other fringe benefits that have been ongoing. The Company may elect to pay such severance compensation in a lump sum or in equal payments over the six month period.

On March 3, 2010, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Jayant Tatake to serve as Vice President of Research and Development. The employment agreement provides for a term offour years with a base salary of $150,000. In addition, the Company issued 1,340 shares of Series A preferred stock and 1,786 shares of common stock upon entering into the agreement, and will issue an additional 1,340 shares of Series A preferred stock and 1,786 shares of common stock on each anniversary date of the agreement. The shares of Series A preferred stock were issued in recognition of Dr. Tatake’s work towards the achievement of several patents by the Company. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has extended the current provisions of the employment agreement pending its review of current industry compensation arrangements and employment agreements.

On May 30, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Meeta Vyas, wife of our President and Chairman of the Board, to serve as its Chief Financial Officer. The agreement provided for a term ofthree years with a base compensation of $9,000 per month and 129 shares of Series A preferred stock, also on a monthly basis. On January 1, 2015, her cash compensation was increased to $10,800 per month. The agreement is renewable on an annual basis. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has extended the current provisions of the agreement pending its review of current industry compensation arrangements and employment agreements. As of July 1, 2024 the Company’s Board of Directors approved the extension of the agreement with Meeta Vyas, Chief Financial Officer of the Company. On August 5, 2024 the Company and Meeta Vyas signed an extension of the agreement for a period ofone year from July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025 under the same general terms and conditions as the current agreement.

License Agreements

The Company is dependent upon its license agreements with TheraCour (See Notes 1 and 4). If the Company lost the right to utilize any of the proprietary information that is the subject of the TheraCour license agreement on which it depends, the Company will incur substantial delays and costs in development of its drug candidates. On November 1, 2019, the Company entered into a Licensing Agreement (the “Agreement”) with TheraCour for an exclusive license for the Company to use, promote, offer for sale, import, export, sell and distribute products for the treatment of VZV derived indications. Process development and related work will be performed by TheraCour under the same compensation terms as prior agreements between the parties, with no duplication of costs allowed. Upon commercialization, NanoViricides will pay 15% of net sales to TheraCour, as defined in the agreement. The Company was not required to make any upfront payments to TheraCour and agreed to the following milestone payments to TheraCour; the issuance of 75,000 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock upon the grant of an IND Application; $1,500,000 in cash upon completion of Phase I clinical trials; $2,500,000 in cash upon completion of Phase II clinical trials; and $5,000,000 in cash upon completion of Phase III clinical trials.

On September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a world-wide, exclusive, sub-licensable, license (“COVID License Agreement”) to use, promote, offer for sale, import, export, sell and distribute drugs that treat COVID-19 infections, using TheraCour’s proprietary as well as patented technology and intellectual property. The discovery of ligands and polymer materials as well as formulations, the chemistry and chemical characterization, as well as process development and related work will be performed by TheraCour under the same compensation terms as prior agreements between the parties, with no duplication of costs allowed. The Company was not required to make any upfront cash payments to TheraCour and agreed to the following milestone payments to TheraCour: (i) the issuance of 100,000 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock within 30 days upon execution of this agreement; (ii) the issuance of 50,000 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock upon the approval of the Company’s Investigational New Drug (IND) Application or its equivalent by a competent regulatory authority; (iii) $1,500,000 upon initiation of Phase I clinical trials, or its equivalent, for at least one Licensed Product within the field on, or before, three (3) months from the date of the Authority’s acceptance of the IND, or its equivalent; (iv) $2,000,000 in cash upon completion of Phase I clinical trials; (v) $2,500,000 in cash upon completion of Phase IIA clinical trials, or, its equivalent; (vi) the issuance of 100,000 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock upon the initiation of Phase III clinical trials, or, its equivalent, for at least one Licensed Product within the field; and (vii) $5,000,000 in cash, or 500,000 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock upon completion of Phase III clinical trials, or its equivalent. Upon commercialization, NanoViricides will pay 15% of net sales to TheraCour, as defined in the agreement.

On March 27, 2023 the Company entered into a license agreement with KMPL wherein the Company granted to KMPL a limited, non-transferable, exclusive license for the use, sale, or offer of sale in India of the Company’stwo clinical test drug candidates titled as NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R for the treatment of COVID in patients in India. KMPL has engaged in further drug development in India including sponsoring of drug candidates for human clinical trials in India and has acted as clinical trials manager for such clinical trials. KMPL shall provide NanoViricides with all reports of the clinical trials and the Company can use such reports for further advancement of the drug candidates with regulatory authorities outside India. In consideration, KMPL will receive a customary clinical trials manager fee of thirty percent (30%) of such costs and applicable taxes. Upon commercial sales of any resulting approved drugs, KMPL will pay the Company a royalty of seventy (70%) percent of the final invoiced sales to unaffiliated third parties.

On February 12, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment to the COVID License Agreement with TheraCour dated September 7, 2021, whereby any further cash milestone payments that would be earned upon milestone event would only become payable upon the Company having sufficient revenues, with only a portion of revenues to be used for satisfying such milestone payments.

Note 12 - Subsequent Events

As discussed at Note 8 to the financial statements, on April 15, 2024, the Company entered into a sales agreement with. E.F. Hutton Securities (now EF Hutton, LLC), the Sales Agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through or to the Sales Agents, shares of common stock At-the-Market or ATM Offering. From July 1, 2024 through September 10, 2024 the Company sold 772,836 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $1.98 per share. The shares were issued pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated May 5, 2023 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2023 in connection with the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3, as amended File No. 333-271706, which became effective on May 22, 2023. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering from July 1, 2024 through September 10, 2024 was $1,533,000 after placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses.

By signing on September 23, 2024 and being effective as of September 20, 2024, the Company, pursuant to Article 2.5 of the Company’s Line of Credit Agreement with Dr. Anil R. Diwan, signed an Amendment Agreement which increased the available line of credit from $2,000,000 to $3,000,000, and extended the maturity of the Company’s Line of Credit from December 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026. There were no other amendments to the original Line of Credit. The Company has not drawn against the Line of Credit facility as of June 30, 2024.

By signing on September 23, 2024 and being effective as of September 20, 2024, the Company entered into a “Memorandum of Understanding for All Antivirals Drug Development” (the MoU) with TheraCour that granted to the Company, a limited, non-assignable, non-sublicensable, exclusive Right of First Refusal to License to any antiviral drugs in development or to be developed by TheraCour for research and development purposes only, for all as-yet unlicensed viral infection treatment indications. The MoU also clarified the roles and responsibilities of the Parties and essentially codified the process that the parties have adopted since inception. The MoU further codified the treatment of all future milestone payments arising from any current or future license agreements to TheraCour to be consistent with the principles adopted in the February 12, 2024 Amendment to the COVID-19 License Agreement.