CALIX, INC

(Unaudited)

1. Company and Basis of Presentation

Company

Calix, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Calix,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated in August 1999 and is a Delaware corporation. We develop, market and sell platform, cloud and managed services, which are powered by agentic AI, that enable communications service providers (“CSPs”) of all types and sizes to innovate and transform their businesses to focus on delivering an outstanding subscriber experience and become Communication Experience Providers (“CXPs”). The platform combines the Calix Agent Workforce™ with intelligent appliances, software, cloud and fully integrated SmartLife™ managed services to enable simplified business models that acquire, retain and grow subscribers and revenue. Calix Customer Success guides service providers through every stage of their transformation journey with expertise across technology, business and market insights. Our partner community extends innovation so customers can grow their businesses across markets at scale. With deep broadband expertise and an end-to-end approach from the datacenters’ access edge to every residential, business and municipal subscriber location, Calix enables any service provider to simplify operations, engagement, and service; innovate for their subscribers; and grow value for members, investors, and the communities they serve. This focus on subscriber experience allows CXPs to expand their brand through increased subscriber acquisition, loyalty and revenue while reducing their operating costs.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, including the accounts of Calix, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) can be condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments that are considered necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position and operating results. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date.

The results of our operations can vary during each quarter of the year. Therefore, the results and trends in these interim financial statements may not be the same as those for the full year or any future periods. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Our fiscal year begins on January 1 st and ends on December 31 st. Quarterly periods are based on a 4-4-5 calendar with the first quarter ending on the Saturday closest to March 31 st. As a result, we had one less day in the three months ended March 28, 2026 than for the three months ended March 29, 2025. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP for interim financial reporting requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies are disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Our significant accounting policies did not change during the three months ended March 28, 2026.

Newly Adopted Accounting Standard

We did not adopt any new accounting standards during the three months ended March 28, 2026 that were significant to us.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

There have been no additional accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 28, 2026 as compared with the recent accounting pronouncements described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, that are significant or expected to be significant to us.

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

We have invested our excess cash primarily in money market funds and highly liquid marketable securities such as U.S. treasury securities, corporate debt instruments, commercial paper and U.S. government securities. We consider all investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Marketable securities represent highly liquid U.S. treasury securities, corporate debt instruments, commercial paper and U.S. government securities with maturities greater than 90 days at date of purchase. Cash equivalents are stated at amounts that approximate fair value based on quoted market prices. Marketable securities are recorded at their fair values. Marketable securities with maturities greater than one year are classified as current because management considers all marketable securities to be available for current operations.

Our investments have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. Such investments are recorded at fair value and unrealized holding gains and losses are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity until realized. Realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities, if any, are determined on the specific identification method and are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to results of operations as other expense, net. Realized gains and losses were not significant for the three months ended March 28, 2026 and March 29, 2025.

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):

The carrying amounts of our money market funds approximate their fair values due to their nature, duration and short maturities. The amortized cost and fair value of marketable securities were as follows (in thousands):

4. Fair Value Measurements

We measure our cash equivalents and marketable securities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. We utilize the following three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value:

Level 1 – Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-driven valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs to the valuation derived from fair valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. The fair value hierarchy also requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining inputs and determining fair value.

The following tables sets forth our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

5. Balance Sheet Details

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

Changes in the accrued warranty liability were as follows (in thousands):

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

We lease office space under non-cancelable operating leases. Certain of our operating leases contain renewal options and rent acceleration clauses. Future minimum payments under the non-cancelable operating leases consisted of the following as of March 28, 2026 (in thousands):

As of March 28, 2026, the operating lease liability consisted of the following (in thousands):

We lease our headquarters office space in San Jose, California under a lease agreement that expires in January 2033. The future minimum lease payments under the lease are $8.7 million and are included in the table above.

The weighted average discount rate for our operating leases as of March 28, 2026 was 5.4%. The weighted average remaining lease term as of March 28, 2026 was 5.5 years.

For the three months ended March 28, 2026 and March 29, 2025, rent expense was $1.1 million for each respective period. Cash paid within operating cash flows for operating leases was $0.7 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended March 28, 2026 and March 29, 2025, respectively.

Purchase Commitments

Our contract manufacturers (“CMs”) and original design manufacturers (“ODMs”) place orders for component inventory based upon our build forecasts and pursuant to stated component lead times to ensure adequate component supply. The components are used by the CMs and ODMs to build the products included in the build forecasts. We generally do not take ownership of the components held by CMs and ODMs. We place purchase orders with our CMs and ODMs in order to fulfill our monthly finished product inventory requirements. We incur a liability when the CMs and ODMs convert the component inventory to a finished product and takes ownership of the finished goods inventory. As of March 28, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had approximately $311.5 million and $317.8 million, respectively, of outstanding purchase commitments to be delivered by our third-party manufacturers and other vendors such as enterprise software vendors.

Litigation

From time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. We are not currently a party to any legal proceeding that, if determined adversely to us, in management’s opinion, is currently expected to individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition taken as a whole.

7. Stockholders’ Equity

2019 Equity Incentive Award Plan

Our employees, consultants and members of our Board of Directors are eligible to receive awards under the Fourth Amended and Restated 2019 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, including incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”), other stock or cash-based awards and dividend equivalents to eligible individuals. As of March 28, 2026, there were 2.6 million shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.

In February 2026,0.7 million PSUs were granted to certain members of our leadership team with a grant date fair value of $52.02 per share. The actual number of PSUs earned is contingent upon achievement of an annual corporate financial target for non-GAAP net income per share for 2026 (collectively, the “2026 Performance Target”) during theone-year performance period. The PSUs will vest, subject to certification by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors upon the achievement of the 2026 Performance Target, as to 25% of the shares of common stock earned on theone year anniversary of the date of grant, and as to the remaining 75% of the shares of common stock earned, in substantially equal quarterly installments over the subsequent 36 months, subject to the executive’s continuous service with us through the respective vesting dates. If the non-GAAP net income per share target is achieved below 80% of target, no shares would be awarded. If the target is achieved at the minimum threshold of 80% of target, then the shares would be awarded, with an increasing percentage of shares awarded above the minimum thresholds up to 100% of the granted shares. The maximum combined award is 100%. The probability of meeting the performance conditions was assessed to be probable as of March 28, 2026, and stock-based compensation expense of $2.1 million was recognized for the three months ended March 28, 2026.

During the three months ended March 28, 2026,0.2 million RSUs were granted with a grant date fair value of $52.02 per share. These RSUs generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and on a quarterly basis thereafter over an additional three years.

As of March 28, 2026, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $33.9 million related to the PSUs and RSUs, net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

During the three months ended March 28, 2026, stock option awards exercisable for up to an aggregate of 12,000 shares of common stock were granted with a grant date weighted-average exercise price of $53.59 per share. These stock option awards generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and on a quarterly basis thereafter over an additional three years.

During the three months ended March 28, 2026,0.3 million shares of common stock were issued pursuant to the exercise of stock options at a weighted-average exercise price of $31.62 per share. As of March 28, 2026, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $61.6 million related to stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

During 2025,38,000 restricted stock awards, with aone-year vesting period, were granted to our Board of Directors with a grant date fair value of $42.65 per share. As of March 28, 2026, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $0.2 million related to restricted stock awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.1 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plans

We maintainedtwo plans under which employees can purchase our common stock - the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) and the non-executive Stock Purchase and Matching Plan (“SPMP”). Following the February 14, 2026 purchase, the ESPP was discontinued and the maximum payroll contribution limit to the SPMP was increased from 25% to 33%. During the three months ended March 28, 2026,0.1 million shares were purchased under the ESPP.

The SPMP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of our common stock through payroll deductions of up to 33% of their eligible compensation. Eligible employees have the right to (a) purchase the maximum number of whole shares of common stock that can be purchased with the elected payroll deductions during each offering period for which the employee is enrolled at a purchase price equal to the closing price of our common stock on the last day of such offering period and (b) receive an equal number of shares of our common stock that are subject to a risk of forfeiture in the event the employee terminates employment within theone year period immediately following the purchase date. The SPMP provides quarterly offering periods from February 8 th through May 7 th, May 8 th through August 7 th, August 8 th through November 7 thand November 8 th through February 7 thof each year, with a maximum of 0.35 million shares allocated per purchase period for the combination of the purchase and matching components. As of March 28, 2026, there were 2.7 million shares and 2.6 million shares available for issuance under the SPMP purchase and matching components, respectively. During the three months ended March 28, 2026,0.2 million shares were purchased and issued. As of March 28, 2026, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $16.4 million related to the SPMP is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average service period of 0.9 years.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense (in thousands):

Stock Repurchase Program

We maintain a common stock repurchase program. Under the repurchase program, repurchases can be made from time to time using a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, all in accordance with the rules of the SEC and other applicable legal requirements. The specific timing, price and size of the purchases depends on prevailing stock prices, general economic and market conditions and other considerations consistent with our capital allocation strategy. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire a particular amount of common stock, and the repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at our discretion. In January 2026, our Board of Directors authorized a $125.0 million increase to this program. During the three months ended March 28, 2026, we purchased 3.3 million shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $170.9 million at an average price per share of $51.34. As of March 28, 2026, the remaining authorized balance under this program was $63.4 million. In April 2026, our Board of Directors authorized a $100.0 million increase to our common stock repurchase program.

8. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Contract Asset

Contract assets include amounts recognized as revenue prior to our contractual right to bill the customer. Amounts are billed in accordance with the agreed-upon contractual terms. Contract assets were $4.5 million as of March 28, 2026 as compared to $4.8 million as of December 31, 2025, and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We expect to recognize 48% of the March 28, 2026 balance during 2026.

Contract Liability

Deferred revenue was $50.5 million and $50.3 million as of March 28, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The increase in the deferred revenue balance for the three months ended March 28, 2026 was driven by cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying our performance obligations offset by $11.3 million of revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period.

Remaining performance obligations (“RPOs”) represent contractual commitments that have not yet been fulfilled, which include deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods but exclude variable consideration where the monthly invoicing is based on usage or where actual usage exceeds the minimum commitment. RPOs were $376.3 million as of March 28, 2026, and we expect to recognize as revenue 42% of this amount over the next 12 months and nearly all of the remainder over thetwo years thereafter.

Contract Costs

We capitalize certain sales commissions related primarily to multi-year subscriptions and extended warranty support for which the expected amortization period is greater than one year. As of March 28, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the unamortized balance of deferred commissions was $19.5 million and $20.7 million, respectively, and were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended March 28, 2026 the amount of amortization was $3.1 million compared to $2.7 million for the three months ended March 29, 2025. There wasno impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized for these periods.

Concentration of Customer Risk

No customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue for the three months ended March 28, 2026 and March 29, 2025.

No customer represented 10% of our total receivables as of March 28, 2026 and one customer represented 12% of our total receivables as of December 31, 2025.

9. Segment Information

We develop, market and sell an appliance-based broadband platform, cloud and managed services. There are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results and plans for levels or components below our unit level. Accordingly, we are a single reporting segment and operating unit structure. Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is our Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a Company-wide basis, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The CODM assesses the performance of the single segment and allocates resources based on revenue and measures derived from gross margin and operating loss that is reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). In addition, the CODM uses a measure derived from operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) to monitor budget versus actual results to determine the entity’s and management’s performance. We do not have intra-entity sales or transfers. The measure of the single segment assets is the consolidated assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The accounting policies of the single segment are the same as described in the significant accounting policies.

Geographic Information:

A summary of revenue disaggregated by geographic region based upon the location of the customers was as follows (in thousands):

Our property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, was located in the following geographical areas (in thousands):

Selected Financial Information:

The following table presents selected financial information with respect to our single operating segment (in thousands):

(1) GAAP cost of revenue adjusted for stock-based compensation and intangible asset amortization (2025 only).

(2) GAAP sales and marketing operating expenses adjusted for stock-based compensation.

(3) GAAP research and development operating expenses adjusted for stock-based compensation.

(4) GAAP general and administrative operating expenses adjusted for stock-based compensation.

(5) Other segment items consisted of stock-based compensation expense and intangible asset amortization (2025 only).

10. Income Taxes

The following table presents income taxes and the effective tax rates for the periods indicated (in thousands, except percentages):

Our income taxes for the three months ended March 28, 2026 were determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate adjusted for discrete items that occurred during that period as required under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740-270, Accounting for Income Taxes in Interim Periods. We have historically recorded interim provision for income taxes by applying ASC 740-270. For the three months ended March 29, 2025, due to the level of forecasted provision for income taxes relative to the forecasted pre-tax income used in computing the effective tax rate, the effective tax rate was highly sensitive to fluctuations in pre-tax income and did not provide a reasonable estimate for income taxes in the interim period. As such, we computed the provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 29, 2025 using an actual year-to-date tax calculation.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 28, 2026 is different from the statutory federal corporate tax rate of 21% primarily due to state taxes, the effect of non-deductible stock-based compensation for executive officers offset by the favorable impact of U.S. federal research tax credits and excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 29, 2025 was different from the statutory federal corporate tax rate of 21% primarily due to state taxes, the effect of non-deductible stock-based compensation for executive officers, excess tax expense from stock-based compensation offset by the favorable impact of U.S. federal research tax credits and the U.S. tax impact of foreign operations.

We maintained a valuation allowance of $32.3 million for the three months ended March 28, 2026, compared to $30.6 million for the three months ended March 29, 2025, on certain federal tax credits along with state deferred tax assets that we believe are not more likely than not to be realized in future periods.

We considered scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, historic profitability, projected future taxable income, ongoing tax planning strategies and other matters, including the period over which its deferred tax assets will be recoverable, in assessing the need for and the amount of the valuation allowance. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, or if we decide to adjust these estimates in the future periods, further adjustments to its valuation allowance may be recorded, which could materially impact our financial position and net income in the period of the adjustment.

In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development enacted model rules for a new global minimum tax framework (“Pillar Two”), and certain governments in countries which we operate have enacted local Pillar Two legislation, with an effective date from January 1, 2024. We currently do not expect Pillar Two to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In July 2025, President Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"), which includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses. The OBBBA includes numerous changes to existing tax law including extending or making permanent certain business and international tax measures initially established under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which were set to expire. Additionally, the OBBBA permanently eliminates the requirement to capitalize and amortize U.S.-based research and experimental expenditures over five years, making these expenditures fully deductible in the period incurred. We have accounted for the effects of the OBBBA in the financial statements for the period ended March 28, 2026. We will continue to evaluate the impacts of OBBBA including the potential impacts on future periods and tax planning strategies.

11. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):

Potentially dilutive shares have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per common share when their effect is antidilutive. These antidilutive shares were primarily from stock options.