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ENERGY FUELS INC

For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Feb 26, 2025.

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A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2024 · Filed Feb 26, 2025

UUUU$7.31+9.8%Stored close · as of Nov 9, 2026

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Contents

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS

The following defined technical terms are used in this Annual Report:

% U 3 O 8 Eq: Equivalent uranium grade calculated by combining uranium content and copper content by factoring in the grade, commodity price and metallurgical recovery for each metal.

ANM Process Area: An area (up to 2,000 hectares) granted by the Federal Government of Brazil to a Brazilian Legal Entity for the exploration and or the extraction of minerals.

APP: An Aquifer Protection Permit, issued by ADEQ (see “Glossary of Regulatory Agencies and Exchanges” below).

Assay: The testing of a metal or natural material to determine its ingredients and quality.

Breccia: A rock in which angular fragments are surrounded by a mass of fine-grained materials.

CAP: A Corrective Action Plan.

Copper: A red-brown metal, the chemical element of atomic number 29.

Cut-off grade: The grade (i.e., the concentration of metal or mineral in rock) that determines the destination of the material during mining. For purposes of establishing “prospects of economic extraction,” the cut-off grade is the grade that distinguishes material deemed to have no economic value (it will not be mined in underground mining or if mined in surface mining, its destination will be the waste dump) from material deemed to have economic value (its ultimate destination during mining will be the processing facility). Other terms used in similar fashion as cut-off grade include net smelter return, pay limit, and break-even stripping ratio.

EA: Environmental Assessment prepared under NEPA for a mineral project.

EIS: Environmental Impact Statement prepared under NEPA for a mineral project.

eU 3 O 8: This term refers to equivalent U 3 O 8 grade derived by gamma logging of drill holes.

Extraction: The process of physically extracting mineralized material from the ground. Exploration continues during the extraction process, and, in many cases, mineralized material is expanded during the life of the extraction activities as the exploration potential of the deposit is realized.

FONSI: Finding of No Significant Impact under NEPA, as defined below, for a mineral project.

Formation: A distinct layer of sedimentary or volcanic rock of similar composition.

Grade: Quantity or percentage of metal per unit weight of host rock.

GWDP: A groundwater discharge permit, issuable by UDEQ.

Heavy Mineral: A mineral with a density greater than 2.9 g/cm 3.

Heavy Mineral Sand: A mineral deposit containing heavy minerals, silica sand, clay and other minerals.

HMC: Heavy Mineral Sand concentrate, containing approximately 80-90% heavy minerals.

HMS: Heavy Mineral Sand.

HMS products: salable products produced from the separation of HMS, including ilmenite, rutile and zircon.

Host rock: The rock containing a mineral or an ore body.

In-situ recovery or ISR: The recovery, by chemical means, of the uranium component of a deposit without the physical extraction of uranium-bearing material from the ground. ISR utilizes injection of appropriate oxidizing chemicals into a uranium-bearing sandstone deposit by injection wells, with the uranium-bearing solution being removed by extraction wells; also referred to as “solution mining.”

Mineral: A naturally formed chemical element or compound having a definite chemical composition and, usually, a characteristic crystal form.

Mineralization: A natural occurrence, in rocks or soil, of one or more metal yielding minerals.

Mineralized material: Material that contains mineralization (e.g., uranium, vanadium and/or copper) and that is not included in an SEC Reserve as it does not meet all of the criteria for adequate demonstration of economic or legal extraction.

Monazite: A phosphate mineral with a chemical composition of (Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO 4. It is a naturally occurring uranium- and rare earth-bearing mineral.

MT: A metric ton or tonne; one MT equals 1.102 tons.

NEPA: The United States National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended.

NOI: A Notice of Intent, filed by Energy Fuels to a regulatory agency as a part of a licensing or permitting action related to a mineral project.

Open Pit: Surface mineral extraction in which the mineralized material is extracted from a pit or quarry.

Ore: Mineral-bearing rock that can be mined, processed and concentrated profitably under current or immediately foreseeable economic conditions. A company may only refer to reserves (as that term is defined in S-K 1300) as “ore.”

Ore body: A mostly solid and fairly continuous mass of in-ground mineralization estimated to be economically mineable.

Outcrop: That part of a geologic formation or structure that appears at the surface of the Earth.

PO: Plan of Operations for a mineral project prepared in accordance with applicable United States Bureau of Land Management or United States Forest Service regulations.

Rare Earth Elements or REEs: a group of seventeen metallic elements consisting of the fifteen lanthanide elements along with scandium and yttrium.

Reclamation: The process by which lands disturbed as a result of mineral extraction activities are modified to support beneficial land use. Reclamation activity may include the removal of buildings, equipment, machinery, and other physical remnants of mining activities, closure of tailings storage facilities, leach pads, and other features, and contouring, covering and re-vegetation of waste rock, and other disturbed areas.

RoD or Record of Decision: The final approval issued by a public land management agency for a PO.

Tonne: A metric ton (MT); one tonne equals 1.102 tons.

Uranium: a heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element of atomic number 92. Uranium in its pure form is a heavy metal. Its two principal isotopes are U-238 and U-235, of which U-235 is the necessary component for the nuclear fuel cycle. However, “uranium” used in this Annual Report refers to triuranium octoxide, also called “U 3 O 8” and the primary component of “yellowcake,” and is produced from uranium deposits. It is the most actively traded uranium-related commodity.

Uranium concentrate: a yellowish to yellow-brownish powder obtained from the chemical processing of uranium-bearing material. Uranium concentrate typically contains 70% to 90% U 3 O 8 by weight. Uranium concentrate is also referred to as “yellowcake.”

V 2 O 5: Vanadium pentoxide, or the form of vanadium typically produced at the White Mesa Mill, also called “black flake.”

Valuable Heavy Minerals: The portion of heavy minerals (density greater than 2.9 g/cm3) that have economic value. Examples include ilmenite, rutile, zircon and monazite.

Yellowcake: Another name for Uranium Concentrate (U 3 O 8).

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