TRUPANION INC

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

1. Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Trupanion, Inc. (collectively with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the "Company") provides medical insurance for cats and dogs in the United States, Canada, Continental Europe, and Australia. The Company's data-driven, vertically-integrated approach enables the Company to provide pet owners with products that the Company believes are the highest value medical insurance, priced specifically for each pet’s unique characteristics.

The financial data as of December 31, 2023 was derived from the Company's audited consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and, in management's opinion, have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company's financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows for the interim periods. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 27, 2024 (the 2023 10-K). The Company's accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the audited financial statements included in the 2023 10-K. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full fiscal year or any other interim period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from such estimates. See Note 1 to the audited financial statements included in the 2023 10-K for additional discussion of these estimates and assumptions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07 related to improving segment disclosures. This ASU enhances disclosures about significant segment expenses, allows for multiple measures of a segment's profit or loss, and requires additional disclosures about the chief operating decision maker. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The Company is still evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 which expands upon the income tax disclosures through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is still evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

2. Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus, when dilutive, potential shares of common stock outstanding using the treasury-stock method. Potential shares of common stock outstanding include stock options, unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units.

The following potentially dilutive equity securities were not included in the diluted earnings per share of common stock calculation because they would have had an antidilutive effect:

3. Investments

Available-for sale securities are classified as short-term versus long-term investments based on whether they represent the investment of funds available for current operations. All available-for-sale securities are considered short-term in nature, with the exception of certain long-term investments that are being held for statutory requirements. Held-to-maturity securities are classified as short-term versus long-term investments based on the effective maturity dates. The amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains and losses, and estimates of fair value of long-term and short-term investments by major security type and class of security were as follows as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Maturities of investments classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity were as follows (in thousands):

The Company does not expect any credit losses from its held-to-maturity investments, considering the composition of the investment portfolio and the credit loss history of these investments. For available-for-sale investments, the Company determined that there were unrealized losses of $0.5 million and $0.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, $24.9 million in available-for-sale investments have been in a loss position for more than twelve months, with total unrealized losses of $0.3 million. As of March 31, 2024, $39.4 million available-for-sale investments have been in a loss position for less than twelve months, with total unrealized losses of $0.2 million. As of December 31, 2023, $18.9 million in available-for-sale investments have been in a loss position for more than twelve months, with total unrealized losses of $0.2 million. As of December 31, 2023, $25.9 million available-for-sale investments have been in a loss position for less than twelve months, with total unrealized losses of $0.1 million. These losses relate to interest rate changes. The Company does not expect any credit losses from its available-for-sale investments, considering the composition of the investment portfolio and the credit rating of these investments. For those securities, the Company determined it is not likely to, and does not intend to, sell prior to a potential recovery.

Proceeds from the sales of fixed maturities classified as available-for-sale were $15.1 million and $24.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

4. Other Investments

The Company has invested $7.0 million in the preferred stock of a variable interest entity, Baystride, Inc. ("Baystride"), a U.S.-based privately held corporation operating in the pet food industry. The Company does not have power over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity and is, therefore, not the primary beneficiary. The Company has the option to purchase all of the outstanding common stock issued by the entity in August 2027 at an amount approximating its expected fair value. The preferred stock investment in the entity is redeemable, and therefore, is accounted for as an available-for-sale debt security, and measured at fair value at each balance sheet date — see Note 5.

Additionally, the Company has extended a $7.0 million revolving line of credit to Baystride to fund its inventory purchases, which will increase annually by $2.0 million until the note’s maturity in 2027. Borrowing amounts are subject to limitations based on Baystride’s forecasted revenues and inventory balances. The Company's investment and amounts loaned under the line of credit are recorded in other long-term assets on its consolidated balance sheet. The outstanding loan balance under the line of credit, including accrued interest, was $3.3 million and $4.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company has also entered into a series of agreements to provide ancillary services to, and receive reimbursement from, Baystride at cost. The Company provided $0.1 million and $0.2 million of these services for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Loss

The Company regularly evaluates its investments for expected credit losses. The Company considers past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts in estimating an allowance for credit losses. Additionally, the Company considers the ultimate collection of cash flows from its investments and whether the Company has the intent to sell, or if it is more likely than not the Company would be required to sell the security prior to recovery of its amortized cost. Such evaluations are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. Based on these considerations, the Company has established an allowance for credit losses related to its preferred stock investment. The following table presents arollforward of the allowance for credit losses for this investment.

5. Fair Value

Fair Value Disclosures - Investments

The following table summarizes, by major security type, the Company's assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and placement within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

The Company measures the fair value of money market funds and foreign deposits, classified as Level 1, based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The Company's fixed maturity investments classified as either Level 1 or Level 2 in the above tables are priced exclusively by external sources, including pricing vendors, dealers/market makers, and exchange-quoted prices. The fair value of the Company's fixed maturity investments classified as Level 2 is based on either recent trades in inactive markets or quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. Held-to-maturity investments are carried at amortized cost and the fair value and changes in unrealized gains (losses) are disclosed in Note 3, Investments. The fair value of these investments is determined in the same manner as available-for-sale securities and are considered either a Level 1 or Level 2 measurement.

The Company's preferred stock investment (see Note 4) is accounted for as an available-for-sale debt security, and measured at fair value at each balance sheet date. The estimated fair value of the preferred stock investment is a Level 3 measurement, and is based on certain unobservable inputs such as the value of the underlying enterprise, volatility, time to liquidity, and market interest rates. An increase or decrease in any of these unobservable inputs would result in a change in the fair value measurement. The estimated fair value was $5.3 million as of March 31, 2024, unchanged from December 31, 2023, and is recorded in other long-term assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers between levels for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023.

The following table presents the change in fair value of the Company’s investment carried at fair value and classified as Level 3 as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Fair Value Disclosures - Other Assets and Liabilities

The Company's other long-term assets balance also included notes receivable of $6.1 million and $6.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, recorded at their estimated collectible amount. The Company estimates that the carrying value of the notes receivable approximates the fair value. The estimated fair value represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy, and is based on market interest rates and the assessed creditworthiness of the third party.

The Company estimates the fair value of long-term debt based upon rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. This is a Level 3 measurement. Based upon the terms of the debt, the carrying amount of long-term debt approximated fair value at March 31, 2024.

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

From time to time the Company is or may become subject to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings against members, other entities or regulatory bodies. Estimated liabilities are recorded when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. At this time, the Company does not believe any such matters to be material individually or in the aggregate. These views are subject to change following the outcome of future events or the results of future developments.

7. Reserve for Veterinary Invoices

The reserve for veterinary invoices is an estimate of the future amount the Company will pay for veterinary invoices that have not been processed or received but that are dated as of, or prior to, its balance sheet date. The reserve also includes the Company's estimate of related internal processing costs. The reserve estimate involves actuarial projections, and is based on management's assessment of facts and circumstances currently known, and assumptions about anticipated patterns. The Company uses generally accepted actuarial methodologies, such as paid loss development methods, in estimating the amount of the reserve for veterinary invoices. The reserve is made for each of the Company's segments, subscription and other business, and is continually refined as the Company receives and pays veterinary invoices. Changes in management's assumptions and estimates may have a relatively large impact to the reserve and associated expense.

Reserve for veterinary invoices

Summarized below are the changes in the total liability for the Company's subscription business segment (in thousands):

The Company had unfavorable development on veterinary invoice reserves for the subscription business segment of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and unfavorable development on veterinary invoice reserves of $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, both of which were the result of ongoing analysis of recent payment trends.

Summarized below are the changes in total liability for the Company's other business segment (in thousands):

The Company had unfavorable development on veterinary invoice reserves for the other business segment of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and unfavorable development on veterinary invoice reserves of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, both of which were the result of ongoing analysis of recent payment trends.

Reserve for veterinary invoices, by year of occurrence

In the following tables, the reserve for veterinary invoices for each segment is presented as the amount (in thousands) by the year to which the veterinary invoice relates, referred to as the year of occurrence.

8. Debt

On March 25, 2022, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Piper Sandler Finance, LLC, acting as the administrative agent, that provides the Company with $150.0 million in credit (the Credit Facility) consisting of:

(a) an initial term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $60.0 million (Initial Term Loan), which was funded at closing;

(b) commitments for delayed draw term loans in an aggregate principal amount not in excess of $75.0 million (Delayed Draw Term Loans, and together with the Initial Term Loan, the Term Loans), which may be drawn from time to time until September 25, 2023. On December 29, 2022, February 17, 2023, and September 21, 2023, the Company borrowed Delayed Draw Term loans of $15.0 million, $35.0 million, and $25.0 million, respectively; and

(c) commitments for revolving loans in an aggregate principal amount at any time outstanding not in excess of $15.0 million (Revolving Loans), which may be drawn at any time prior to March 25, 2027.

The Credit Facility bears interest at a floating base rate plus an applicable margin. The stated interest rate as of March 31, 2024 was approximately 10.46% for the original $60.0 million term loan and for the aggregate $75.0 million term loans. The Company incurred total debt issuance cost of approximately $5.9 million, which is reported in the consolidated balance sheet as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the Credit Facility, and is amortized as interest expense over the term of five years.

The Credit Facility is secured by substantially all assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. Proceeds from the Credit Facility may be used for permitted acquisitions and investments, working capital and other general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement contains financial and other covenants. As of March 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial and other covenants.

To the extent not previously paid, the Initial Term Loan is due and payable on March 25, 2027, the Delayed Draw Term Loans are due and payable on the earlier of the five-year anniversary of their initial funding or March 25, 2028, and Revolving Loans are due and payable on March 25, 2027. The Company must repay 0.25% of any then-outstanding Term Loans, together with accrued and unpaid interest, on aquarterly basis.

Future principal payments on outstanding borrowings as of March 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):

9. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense includes stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees and other service providers and has been reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations depending on the function performed by the employee or other service provider. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in each category of the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands):

Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock award and restricted stock unit activity is as follows:

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 1,262,794 unvested restricted stock units. Stock-based compensation expenses of $56.1 million related to unvested restricted stock units are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.4 years.

In March 2023, two executives terminated employment with the Company and one executive signed a separation agreement effective June 1, 2023. In conjunction with these departures, the Company accelerated the vesting of certain RSUs as of the termination date and extended the purchase date of certain vested options from 90 to 365 days. These award modifications resulted in the recognition of $4.8 million share-based compensation expense during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

Stock Options

A summary of the Company's stock option activity is as follows:

As of March 31, 2024, stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.4 years.

10. Stockholders' Equity

Common Stock and Preferred Stock

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 100,000,000 shares of common stock authorized and 42,004,619 shares of common stock outstanding. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote on each matter properly submitted to the stockholders of the Company except those related to matters concerning possible outstanding preferred stock. At March 31, 2024, the Company had 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock authorized for future issuance and did not have any outstanding shares of preferred stock. The holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by the board of directors of the Company (the Board), whenever funds are legally available. These rights are subordinate to the dividend rights of holders of any senior classes of stock outstanding at the time. The Company does not intend to declare or pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Share Repurchase Program

In April 2021, the Board approved a share repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company may, between May 2021 and May 2026, repurchase outstanding shares of the Company's common stock. The Company repurchasedno shares during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

11. Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)

A summary of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is as follows (in thousands):

12. Segments

The Company has two aggregated reporting segments: subscription business and other business. The subscription business segment consists of products that have been created to meet the needs of their distribution channels and have similar target margin profiles. This segment generates revenue primarily from subscription fees related to the Company's direct-to-consumer products. The other business segment generates revenue primarily by underwriting policies on behalf of third parties. The Company does not undertake marketing efforts for these policies and has a business-to-business relationship with these third-parties. The other business segment also includes other products and insurance software solutions that have a different margin profile from the Company’s subscription business segment.

The chief operating decision maker reviews revenue and operating income (loss) to evaluate segment performance. Revenue, veterinary invoice expense, other cost of revenue, and new pet acquisition expenses are generally directly attributed to each segment. Other operating expenses, such as technology and development expense, general and administrative expense, and depreciation and amortization, are generally allocated proportionately based on revenue in each segment. Interest and other expenses and income taxes are not allocated to the segments, nor included in the measure of segment profit or loss. The Company does not analyze discrete segment balance sheet information related to long-term assets.

Operating income (loss) of the Company’s segments were as follows (in thousands):

The following table presents the Company’s revenue by geographic region of the member (in thousands):

Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets were located in the United States as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.