NEXPOINT DIVERSIFIED REAL ESTATE TRUST

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting

Readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report") should refer to the audited financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K ("2023 Annual Report"), filed with the SEC and also available on our website (nxdt.nexpoint.com), since we have omitted from this Quarterly Report certain footnote disclosures which would substantially duplicate those contained in such audited financial statements. You should also refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the notes to consolidated financial statements in our 2023 Annual Report for further discussion of our significant accounting policies and estimates. Information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference into and does not constitute a part of this Quarterly Report or any other report or documents we file or furnish with the SEC.

Income Taxes

I. Canadian mutual fund status

NHT is a mutual fund trust pursuant to the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Tax Act”). Under current tax legislation, a mutual fund trust that is not a specified investment flow-through trust (“SIFT”) pursuant to the Tax Act generally is entitled to deduct distributions of taxable income such that it is not liable to pay Canadian income taxes provided that its taxable income is fully distributed to unitholders. NHT intends to qualify as a mutual fund trust that is not a SIFT and to make distributions not less than the amount necessary to ensure that NHT will not be liable to pay Canadian income taxes.

II. U.S REIT Status

The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code"), and expects to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annually at least 90% of its “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to its shareholders. As a REIT, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions it pays with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of its ordinary income, (2) 95% of its capital gain net income and (3) 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. The Company intends to operate in such a manner so as to qualify as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that the Company will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes.

If the Company fails to meet these requirements, it could be subject to federal income tax on all of the Company’s taxable income at regular corporate rates for that year. The Company would not be able to deduct distributions paid to shareholders in any year in which it fails to qualify as a REIT. Additionally, the Company will also be disqualified from electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost unless the Company is entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions. As of September 30, 2024, the Company believes it is in compliance with all applicable REIT requirements.

As a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company may deduct earnings distributed to shareholders against the income generated by our REIT operations. The Company continues to be subject to income taxes on the income of its taxable REIT subsidiaries. The Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2024 consists of a $18.0 million gross deferred tax asset at NHF TRS, LLC, a valuation allowance of $13.5 million for a consolidated net deferred tax asset of $4.5 million, a $0.3 million gross deferred tax asset at NREO TRS, Inc., a $2.1 million gross deferred tax liability at NREO TRS, Inc. for a consolidated net deferred tax liability of $1.8 million, a $6.2 million gross deferred tax asset at NHT's TRSs, a gross deferred tax liability of $0.0 million at NHT's TRSs, and a valuation allowance of $6.2 million at NHT's TRSs for a consolidated net deferred tax asset of $0.0 million. The Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023 consisted of a $4.5 million net deferred tax asset at NHF TRS, LLC and a $1.8 million net deferred tax liability at NREO TRS, Inc. for a consolidated net deferred tax asset of $2.7 million.

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual current and deferred effective tax rates, adjusted for discrete items. Our effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were (4.76)% and (0.49)%, respectively. Our effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were (3.38)% and (1.45)%, respectively. Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to our REIT operations generally not being subject to federal income taxes.

The Company recognizes its tax positions and evaluates them using a two-step process. First, the Company determines whether a tax position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, the Company will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefit or expense, accrued interest or penalties as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions. The 2023, 2022 and 2021 tax years remain open to examination by tax jurisdictions to which the Company and its subsidiaries are subject. When applicable, the Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions on its Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company has not recorded any uncertain tax positions for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

A reconciliation of the statutory income tax provisions to the effective income tax provisions for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):

Segment Reporting

Under the provision of ASC 280, Segment Reporting, the Company has determined that it hastwo reportable segments: NXDT and NHT. The NXDT segment primarily consists of activities focused on investing in various commercial real estate property types and across the capital structure, including but not limited to equity, mortgage debt, mezzanine debt and preferred equity. The majority of NXDT’s revenue is comprised of Rental income, Dividend income, and Interest income. The NHT segment primarily consists of acquiring additional U.S. located hospitality assets that meet its investment objectives and criteria and seeking to own, renovate and operate its portfolio of income-producing hotel properties. The majority of NHT’s revenue is comprised of revenue from renting rooms and selling food and beverages ("F&B"). Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) regularly reviews the performance of our segments based in part on the Net Operating Income (“NOI”). We eliminate any inter-segment transactions and balances upon consolidation.

Leases

The Company’s leasing activities are accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, if an identified contract is, or contains, a lease.

Lessors classify leases as either sales-type, direct financing or operating leases. A lease is classified as a sales-type lease if at least one of the following criteria is met: (1) the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee, (2) the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, (3) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (4) the present value of the sum of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying assets, or (5) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. If none of the above criteria is met, a lease is classified as a direct financing lease if both of the following criteria are met: (1) the present value of the of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already reflected in the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the underlying asset’s fair value and (2) it is probable that the lessor will collect the lease payments plus any amount necessary to satisfy a residual value guarantee. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not qualify as a sales-type or direct financing lease. All of the leasing arrangements where the Company is the lessor are classified as operating leases.

Lessees classify leases as either finance or operating leases. A lease is classified as a finance lease if at least one of the following criteria is met: (1) the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee, (2) the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, (3) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (4) the present value of the sum of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset, or (5) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. A lease is classified as an operating lease if none of the five criteria described above for finance lease classification is met. The Company has one finance lease in the NHT segment for a parking space related to the Bradenton Hampton Inn & Suites, which is included in “Right-of-use assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Hotel Revenue Recognition

The Company's NHT segment generally recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts with Customers, which requires five steps to evaluate revenue recognition: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identity the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Rooms revenue is recognized as the services are rendered to customers and upon completion of the hotel stay, provided there are no material remaining performance obligations required of the Company.

F&B revenue generally consists of goods and ancillary service charges the customer separately chooses to purchase and are recognized generally when the goods or services are provided to the customer.

Impairment

Real estate assets held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The key inputs into our impairment analysis include, but are not limited to, the holding period, net operating income, and capitalization rates. In such cases, we will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. The Company’s impairment analysis identifies and evaluates events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, including determining the period the Company will hold the rental property, net operating income, and the estimated capitalization rate for each respective real estate investment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded approximately $5.1 million of impairment loss on real estate held and used, which is included in Impairment loss on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company didnot record any impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Held for Sale

The Company periodically classifies real estate assets as held for sale when certain criteria are met in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). At that time, the Company presents the net real estate assets and the liabilities associated with the real estate held for sale separately in its consolidated balance sheet, and the Company ceases recording depreciation and amortization expense related to that property. Real estate held for sale is reported at the lower of its carrying amount or its estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there wereone andzero properties classified as held for sale, respectively. In addition to the net real estate assets, the consolidated balance sheets also includes approximately $0.05 million and $0 million of accounts receivable and prepaid and other assets, and approximately $0.4 million and $0 million of accounts payable, real estate taxes payable, security deposits, prepaid rents, and other accrued liabilities related to assets held for sale as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded approximately $1.0 million of losses on real estate held for sale, which are included in Impairment loss on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company didnot record any losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items in interim and annual periods and expands the ASC 280 disclosure requirements for interim periods. The ASU also explicitly requires public entities with a single reportable segment to provide all segment disclosures under ASC 280, including the new disclosures under ASU 2023-07. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Management is currently evaluating ASU 2023-07 to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards (“ASU 2024-01”), to clarify the scope application of profits interest and similar awards by adding illustrative guidance in ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). ASU 2024-01 clarifies how to determine whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for as a share-based payment arrangement (ASC 718) or as a cash bonus or profit-sharing arrangement (ASC 710, Compensation-General, or other guidance) and applies to all reporting entities that account for profits interest awards as compensation to employees or non-employees. In addition to adding the illustrative guidance, ASU 2024-01 modified the language in paragraph 718-10-15-3 to improve its clarity and operability without changing the guidance. ASU 2024-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied either retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements, or prospectively to profits interests and similar awards granted or modified on or after the adoption date. The Company is currently assessing the impacts of adopting ASU 2024-01 on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.