Fidelity National Financial, Inc.

Note A —Basis of Financial Statements

The financial information in this report presented for interim periods is unaudited and includes the accounts of Fidelity National Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” “our,” the "Company" or “FNF”) prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All adjustments made were of a normal, recurring nature. This report should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K (our "Annual Report") for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Description of the Business

We are a leading provider of (i) title insurance, escrow and other title-related services, including loan sub-servicing, valuations, default services and home warranty, (ii) transaction services to the real estate and mortgage industries and (iii) annuity and life insurance products. FNF is one of the nation’s largest title insurance companies operating through its title insurance underwriters - Fidelity National Title Insurance Company ("FNTIC"), Chicago Title Insurance Company ("Chicago Title"), Commonwealth Land Title Insurance Company ("Commonwealth Title"), Alamo Title Insurance and National Title Insurance of New York Inc. - which collectively issue more title insurance policies than any other title company in the United States. Through our subsidiary, ServiceLink Holdings, LLC ("ServiceLink"), we provide mortgage transaction services, including title-related services and facilitation of production and management of mortgage loans. We are also a leading provider of insurance solutions serving retail annuity and life customers and institutional clients through our majority-owned subsidiary, F&G Annuities & Life ("F&G").

For information about our reportable segments refer to Note HSegment Information.

Recent Developments

F&G Common Stock Issuance

On March 24, 2025, F&G completed a public offering of 8,000,000 shares of F&G common stock, par value $0.001 per share. In connection with the offering, F&G entered into an underwriting agreement, pursuant to which they granted the underwriters of the offering a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,200,000 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the underwriters agreed to resell to FNF 4,500,000 shares of F&G common stock at the same price per share paid by the underwriters, which was $33.60 per share. The underwriters option expired unexercised. F&G is using the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including the support of organic growth opportunities.

Redemption of 5.50% F&G Senior Notes

On February 1, 2025, F&G redeemed the outstanding $300 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% Senior Notes due May 1, 2025 (the "5.50% F&G Senior Notes"). The notes were redeemed for a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. For further information, refer to Note NNotes Payable.

7.30% F&G Junior Notes

On January 13, 2025, F&G completed its public offering of its 7.30% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2065 with an aggregate principal amount of $375 million (the "7.30% F&G Notes"). F&G is using the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase, redemption or repayment at maturity of outstanding indebtedness. For further information, refer to Note NNotes Payable.

Income Tax

Income tax expense was $98 million and $116 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $127 million and $179 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Income tax expense as a percentage of earnings before income taxes was 26% and 25% in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 26% and 23% in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in income tax expense as a percentage of earnings before taxes in the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the corresponding period in 2024 is primarily attributable to an increase in the valuation allowance recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the corresponding period in 2024.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share, as presented on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings, is computed by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders in a given period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during such period. In periods when earnings are positive, diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities. For periods when we recognize a net loss, diluted loss per share is equal to basic loss per share as the impact of assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities is considered to be antidilutive. We have granted certain stock options and shares of restricted stock, which have been treated as common share equivalents for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share for periods in which positive earnings have been reported.

Options or other instruments, which provide the ability to purchase shares of our common stock that are antidilutive, are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. There wereno antidilutive instruments outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Unconsolidated Owned Distribution Investments

We paid commissions on sales through our unconsolidated owned distribution investments and their affiliates of approximately $17 million and $44 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $32 million and $94 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The acquisition expense is deferred and amortized in Depreciation and amortization on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this update enhance the transparency of the income tax disclosures by expanding on the disclosures required annually. The amendments require entities to disclose in their rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes, in addition to providing details about the reconciling items in some categories if above a quantitative threshold. Additionally, the amendments require annual disclosure of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendments in this update enhance transparency of certain expense captions by disclosing more granular information of specific expenses within those captions such as personnel costs, depreciation, and amortization. The amendments also require disclosure of qualitative description of amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated. The amendments in this update are effective for all public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We do not expect to early adopt this standard and are in the process of assessing its impact on our disclosures upon adoption.

Summary of Updated Significant Accounting Policies

Since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, we have updated the following significant accounting policies for Derivative Financial Instruments and Funds Withheld Arrangements, which have been followed in preparing the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, primarily as a result of executing certain derivative transactions.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Freestanding Derivatives

We economically hedge certain portions of our exposure to product related equity market risk by entering into derivative transactions (primarily equity options). We also utilize certain interest rate swaps to reduce market risks from interest rate changes on our earnings associated with our floating rate investments. All such derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The changes in fair value of derivatives not designated to hedge relationships are reported within Recognized gains and losses, net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The change in the fair value of these derivative instruments is included in operating activities in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Hedge Accounting

We designate certain derivatives to fair value or cash flow hedge relationships that hedge exposures to interest rates, foreign currency, or both, associated with changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (“fair value hedge”) or a forecasted transaction or variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”).

When a derivative is designated as a fair value hedge and is determined to be highly effective, changes in the fair value of the derivative included in the assessment of effectiveness are reported in the same line on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings that is used to report the earnings effect of the hedged item.

When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge and is determined to be highly effective, changes in the fair value of the derivative included in the assessment of effectiveness are recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows being hedged. At the time the variability of cash flows being hedged impacts net earnings, the related portion of deferred gains or losses on the derivative instrument is reclassified and reported in net earnings in the same line item on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings that is used to report the earnings effect of the hedged item.

Any portion of the change in fair value of a derivative designated to a fair value or cash flow hedge relationship that is excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be recorded in AOCI and amortized into earnings over the life of the remaining term of the hedge relationship.

To qualify for hedge accounting, at hedge inception we formally document our risk management objective and strategy for entering into hedging relationships, as well as the designation of the hedge. In our hedge documentation, we explain how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the designated risks related to the hedged item and the method that will used to test for hedge effectiveness on both a prospective and retrospective basis. A derivative designated as a hedging instrument must be assessed as being highly effective in offsetting the designated risk of the hedged item. Effectiveness of the hedge is formally assessed at inception and at least quarterly throughout the life of the hedging relationship.

We prospectively discontinue hedge accounting when (1) the criteria to qualify for hedge accounting is no longer met; (2) the derivative expires, is sold, terminated or is exercised; or (3) we de-designate the derivative from being the hedging instrument for a fair value or cash flow hedge.

If a fair value or cash flow hedge is discontinued, the derivative will continue to be carried at fair value on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes in fair value recognized prospectively in Recognized gains and losses in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

For discontinued fair value hedges, the hedged item will no longer be adjusted for changes in the hedged risk and any existing basis adjustment will be amortized into the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings within the same line item that is used to report other earnings effects of the hedged item. Any amounts remaining in AOCI associated with a component of the change in derivative fair value excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be amortized into earnings in a manner consistent with how any basis adjustment associated with the hedged item would be amortized.

The component of AOCI related to discontinued cash flow hedges where it is probable the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur, will be immediately reclassified from AOCI into earnings. In all other cases any amounts remaining in AOCI will be amortized into earnings consistent with the earnings impacts expected from the original hedged cash flows.

Embedded Derivatives

We purchase financial instruments that may contain embedded derivative instruments. If it is determined that the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host contract for measurement purposes. For further information, refer to Note EDerivatives.

Funds Withheld Arrangements

F&G cedes certain business on a coinsurance funds withheld basis. Assets supporting the arrangements are reported within Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. All assets within Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities are recorded in a manner consistent with each respective item of our accounting policies discussed in Note ABusiness and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Investment results for the assets that support the coinsurance are segregated within the funds withheld account and are passed directly to the reinsurer pursuant to the contractual terms of the reinsurance agreement, which creates embedded derivatives considered to be total return swaps. These embedded derivatives are not clearly and closely related to the underlying reinsurance agreement and thus require bifurcation. The fair value of the total return swaps is based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets held in the funds withheld account. Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, these embedded derivatives are reported in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities, irrespective if in a net asset position or a net liability position, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and prior periods have been reclassified from Prepaid expenses and other assets to conform with the current presentation. The related gains or losses are reported in Recognized gains and losses, net, on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Refer to Note CFair Value of Financial Instrumentsfor descriptions of the fair value methodologies used for these and other derivative financial instruments and Note EDerivatives, for additional information on these and other derivatives.

Note B —Summary of Reserve for Title Claim Losses

A summary of the reserve for title claim losses follows:

Several lawsuits were filed by various parties against Chicago Title Company and Chicago Title Insurance Company as its principal (collectively, the “Named Companies”) by plaintiffs claiming they were investors who were solicited by Gina Champion-Cain through her former company, ANI Development LLC (“ANI”), or other affiliates to provide funds placed in an escrow account that purportedly were to be used for high-interest, short-term loans to parties seeking to acquire California alcoholic beverage licenses. Plaintiffs further alleged that employees of Chicago Title Company assisted Ms. Champion-Cain and her entities in diverting the funds placed into an escrow account maintained by Chicago Title Company into which some of the plaintiffs’ funds were deposited.

In connection with the alcoholic beverage license scheme, the SEC filed a civil enforcement proceeding asserting claims for securities fraud against Champion-Cain and ANI in a lawsuit styled, Securities and Exchange Commission v. Gina Champion-Cain and ANI Development, LLC, pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. The receiver, who was appointed by the court to preserve the assets of the defendant affiliated entities, then filed a lawsuit in San Diego County Superior Court against the Named Companies seeking damages in a lawsuit styled, Krista Freitag v. Chicago Title Co. and Chicago Title Ins. Co. The Named Companies reached a global settlement with the receiver and several other investor claimants and jointly sought court approval of the global settlement and entry of an order barring any claims against the Named Companies related to the alcoholic beverage license scheme. On November 23, 2022, the federal court overruled any objections by non-joining investors and entered an order approving the global settlement barring further claims against the Named Companies, among others (“Settlement and Bar Orders”). After her receipt of the settlement funds, the receiver dismissed the lawsuit against the Named Companies.

Some of the investor claimants who objected to the entry of the Settlement and Bar Orders appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Cases 22-56206, 22-56208, and 23-55083). On February 20, 2025, the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court’s Settlement and Bar Orders, barring all ongoing and future litigation against CTC, among others, stemming from the scheme operated by Ms. Champion-Cain. On April 10, 2025, the appellants filed a petition for rehearing or rehearing en banc requesting the Ninth Circuit to reconsider its decision, but the petition was denied.

The investor claimants who unsuccessfully appealed the entry of the Settlement and Bar Orders to the Ninth Circuit filed petitions for writ of certiorari requesting that the U.S. Supreme Court review the lower court decisions. Their petitions argue that conflicting rulings among U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal exist regarding the appropriateness of bar orders in equitable receiverships. The U.S. Supreme Court has not yet decided whether it will hear the cases (Cases 24-1192 and Kim Peterson, et al., Petitioners v. Krista Freitag, Receiver, et al., Respondents). The remaining lawsuits pending in the Superior Court of San Diego County for the State of California involving claimants/investors who objected to the Settlement and Bar Orders are stayed pending the conclusion of the appellate process.

Chicago Title Company has also resolved a number of other pre-suit claims and previously disclosed lawsuits from both individual and groups of alleged investors under confidential terms. Based on the facts and circumstances of the remaining claims, including the settlements already reached, we have recorded reserves included in our reserve for title claim losses, which we believe are adequate to cover losses related to this matter, and believe that our reserves for title claim losses are adequate.

We continually update loss reserve estimates as new information becomes known, new loss patterns emerge, or as other contributing factors are considered and incorporated into the analysis of reserve for claim losses. Estimating future title loss payments is difficult because of the complex nature of title claims, the long periods of time over which claims are paid, significantly varying dollar amounts of individual claims, and other factors.

Due to the uncertainty inherent in the process and to the judgment used by management, the ultimate liability may be greater or less than our current reserves. If actual claims loss development varies from what is currently expected and is not offset by other factors, additional reserve adjustments may be required in future periods to maintain our recorded reserve within a reasonable range of our actuary's central estimate.

Note C —Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our measurement of fair value is based on assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability, which may include inherent risk, restrictions on the sale or use of an asset, or non-performance risk, which may include our own credit risk. We estimate an exchange price is the price in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability ("exit price") in the principal market, or the most advantageous market for that asset or liability in the absence of a principal market as opposed to the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or assume a liability ("entry price"). We categorize financial instruments carried at fair value into a three-level fair value hierarchy, based on the priority of inputs to the respective valuation technique, along with net asset value. The three-level hierarchy for fair value measurement is defined as follows:

Level 1- Values are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets accessible at the measurement date.

Level 2- Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices from those willing to trade in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by market data for the term of the instrument. Such inputs include market interest rates and volatilities, spreads, and yield curves.

Level 3- Certain inputs are unobservable (supported by little or no market activity) and significant to the fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s best estimate of what hypothetical market participants would use to determine a transaction price for the asset or liability at the reporting date based on the best information available in the circumstances.

Net Asset Value ("NAV") - Certain equity investments are measured using NAV as a practical expedient in determining fair value. In addition, our unconsolidated affiliates (primarily limited partnerships) are primarily accounted for using the equity method of accounting with fair value determined using NAV as a practical expedient. Our carrying value reflects our pro rata ownership percentage as indicated by NAV in the unconsolidated affiliate's financial statements, which we may adjust if we determine NAV is not calculated consistent with investment company fair value principles. The underlying investments of the unconsolidated affiliates may have significant unobservable inputs, which may include, but are not limited to, comparable multiples and weighted average cost of capital rates applied in valuation models or a discounted cash flow model. Additionally, management inquires quarterly with the general partner to determine whether any credit or other market events have occurred since prior period financial statements to ensure any material events are properly included in current period valuation and investment income.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment.

When a determination is made to classify an asset or liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. Because certain securities trade in less liquid or illiquid markets with limited or no pricing information, the determination of fair value for these securities is inherently more difficult. In addition to the unobservable inputs, Level 3 fair value investments may include observable components, which are components that are actively quoted or can be validated to market-based sources.

The estimated fair values of our financial instruments for which the disclosure of fair values is required, including financial assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis, with the exception of investment contracts, portions of other long-term investments and debt, which are disclosed later within this footnote, was summarized according to the hierarchy previously described, as follows:

Valuation Methodologies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these instruments approximate fair value.

Fixed Maturity, Preferred and Equity Securities

We measure the fair value of our securities based on assumptions used by market participants in pricing the security. The most appropriate valuation methodology is selected based on the specific characteristics of the fixed maturity, preferred or equity security, and we will then consistently apply the valuation methodology to measure the security’s fair value. Our fair value measurement is based on a market approach, which utilizes prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable securities. Sources of inputs to the market approach include third-party pricing services, independent broker quotations, or pricing matrices. We use observable and unobservable inputs in our valuation methodologies. Observable inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data including market research publications. In addition, market indicators and industry and economic events are monitored and further market data will be acquired when certain thresholds are met.

For certain security types, additional inputs may be used, or some of the inputs described above may not be applicable. The significant input used in the fair value measurement of equity securities for which the market approach valuation technique is employed is yield for comparable securities. Increases or decreases in the yields would result in lower or higher, respectively, fair value measurements. For broker-quoted only securities, quotes from market makers or broker-dealers are obtained from sources recognized to be market participants. We believe the broker quotes are prices at which trades could be executed based on historical trades executed at broker-quoted or slightly higher prices.

We analyze the third-party valuation methodologies and related inputs to perform assessments to determine the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy. However, we did not adjust prices received from third parties as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Certain equity investments are measured using NAV as a practical expedient in determining fair value.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative contracts can either be exchange traded or traded over the counter. Exchange traded derivatives typically fall within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy if there is active trading activity. Two methods are used to value over-the-counter derivatives. When required inputs are available, certain derivatives are valued using valuation pricing models, which represent what we would expect to receive or pay at the balance sheet date if we cancelled or exercised the derivative or entered into offsetting positions. Valuation models require a variety of inputs, which include the use of market-observable inputs, including interest rate, yield curve volatilities, foreign currency exchange rates and other factors. These over-the-counter derivatives are typically classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as the majority trade in liquid markets, we can verify model inputs and model selection does not involve significant management judgment. When inputs are not available for valuation models, certain over-the-counter derivatives are valued using independent broker quotes, which are based on unobservable market data and classified within Level 3.

The fair value of the reinsurance-related embedded derivatives in our funds withheld reinsurance agreements are estimated based upon the fair value of the assets supporting the funds withheld from reinsurance liabilities. The fair value of the assets is based on a quoted market price of similar assets (Level 2), and therefore the fair value of the embedded derivative is based on market-observable inputs and classified as Level 2.

The fair value measurement of the indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives included in Contractholder funds and the reinsured indexed crediting feature embedded derivatives recorded as a component of the Reinsurance recoverable is determined through a combination of market observable information and significant unobservable inputs using the option budget method. The market observable inputs are the market value of option and treasury rates. The significant unobservable inputs are the budgeted option cost (i.e., the expected cost to purchase equity options in future periods to fund the equity indexed linked feature), surrender rates, mortality multiplier and non-performance spread. The mortality multiplier at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was applied to the 2012 Individual Annuity mortality tables. Increases or decreases in the market value of an option in isolation would result in a higher or lower, respectively, fair value measurement. Increases or decreases in treasury rates, mortality multiplier, surrender rates, or non-performance spread in isolation would result in a lower or higher fair value measurement, respectively. Generally, a change in any one unobservable input would not directly result in a change in any other unobservable input.

Investments in Unconsolidated affiliates

We have elected the fair value option (“FVO”) for certain investments in unconsolidated affiliates as we believe this better aligns them with other investments in unconsolidated affiliates that are measured using NAV as a practical expedient in determining fair value. Investments measured using the FVO are included in Level 3 and the fair values of these investments are determined using a multiple of the affiliates’ earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). The EBITDA is based on the affiliates’ financial information. The multiple is derived from market analysis of transactions involving comparable companies. The inputs are considered unobservable, as not all market participants have access to this data.

Other Long-term Investments

We hold a fund-linked note, which provides for an additional payment at maturity based on the value of an embedded derivative based on the actual return of a dedicated return fund. Fair value of the embedded derivative is based on an unobservable input, the NAV of the fund at the balance sheet date. The embedded derivative is similar to an equity option on the NAV of the fund with a strike price ofzero since F&G will not be required to make any additional payments at maturity of the fund-linked note in order to receive the NAV of the fund on the maturity date. A Black-Scholes model determines the NAV of the fund as the fair value of the equity option regardless of the values used for the other inputs to the option pricing model. The NAV of the fund is provided by the fund manager at the end of each calendar month and represents the value an investor would receive if it withdrew its investment on the balance sheet date. Therefore, the key unobservable input used in the Black-Scholes model is the value of the fund. As the value of the fund increases or decreases, the fair value of the embedded derivative will increase or decrease. See further discussion on the available-for-sale embedded derivative in Note EDerivative Financial Instruments.

The fair value of the credit-linked note is based on a weighted average of a broker quote and a discounted cash flow analysis. The discounted cash flow approach is based on the expected portfolio cash flows and amortization schedule reflecting investment expectations, adjusted for assumptions on the portfolio's default and recovery rates, and the note's discount rate. The fair value of the note is provided by the fund manager at the end of each quarter.

Short-term Investments

The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these instruments approximate fair value. Certain short-term investments are valued based on third-party pricing services or broker quotes and are classified as Level 2 or 3.

Contingent Consideration Obligation

The contingent consideration is measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow model applied using a Monte Carlo simulation of estimated EBITDA at each measurement period and for each simulated path relative to contractual EBITDA milestones. The Monte Carlo simulation utilizes a risk-adjusted discount rate, volatility assumption, and risk-free rates to assess the probability Roar, LLC's ("Roar") EBITDA trajectory reaches required milestones for the earn out payments to be made. The discounted cash flow approach applies a company-specific discount rate based on F&G credit profile to future expected earn out payments to calculate the estimated fair value based on the average outcome from the simulation.

Other Assets

Mortgage servicing rights are measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow model, which incorporates assumptions that market participants use in estimating future net servicing income cash flows. These assumptions include estimates of prepayment rates, discount rates, cost to service (including delinquency and foreclosure costs), escrow account earnings, contractual servicing fee income, and ancillary income.

Market Risk Benefits ("MRBs")

MRBs (inclusive of reinsured MRBs) are measured at fair value using an attributed fee measurement approach where attributed fees are explicit rider charges collectible from the policyholder (or paid to the reinsurer) used to cover the excess benefits. The fair value is calculated using a risk neutral valuation method and is based on current net amounts at risk, market data, internal and industry experience, and other factors. The balances are computed using assumptions including mortality, full and partial surrender, rider benefit utilization, risk-free rates including non-performance spread and risk margin, market value of options, and economic scenarios. Policyholder behavior assumptions are reviewed at least annually, typically in the third quarter, for any revisions. Reinsured MRBs are valued using a methodology consistent with direct MRBs, with the exception of the non-performance spread, which reflects the credit of the reinsurer. See further discussion on MRBs in Note OMarket Risk Benefits.

Quantitative information regarding significant unobservable inputs used for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of financial instruments carried at fair value as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, excluding assets and liabilities for which significant quantitative unobservable inputs are not developed internally and not readily available to the Company (primarily those valued using broker quotes and certain third-party pricing services), are as follows:

(a) Assets of $11,784 million and liabilities of $5 million for which significant quantitative unobservable inputs are not developed internally and not readily available to the Company (primarily those valued using broker quotes and certain third-party pricing services) are excluded from the respective totals in the table above.

(a) Assets of $10,301 million for which significant quantitative unobservable inputs are not developed internally and not readily available to the Company (primarily those valued using broker quotes and certain third-party pricing services) are excluded from the respective totals in the table above.

The following tables summarize changes to the Company’s financial instruments carried at fair value and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for thethree and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The gains and losses below may include changes in fair value due in part to observable inputs that are a component of the valuation methodology.

(a) The net transfers to (from) Level 3 during the three months ended June 30, 2025 were exclusively from Level 2.

(b) Purchases represent advances on the loan commitment to Roar. Refer to Note FCommitments and Contingenciesfor further details.

(c) Refer to Note OMarket Risk Benefits for roll forward activity of the net Market Risk Benefits Asset and Liability.

(a) The net transfers from Level 3 during the three months ended June 30, 2024 were exclusively to Level 2.

(b) Refer to Note OMarket Risk Benefits for roll forward activity of the net Market risk benefits asset and liability.

(a) The net transfers to (from) Level 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2025 were exclusively from Level 2.

(b) Purchases represent advances on the loan commitment to Roar. Refer to Note FCommitments and Contingenciesfor further details.

(c) Refer to Note OMarket Risk Benefits for roll forward activity of the net Market Risk Benefits Asset and Liability.

(a) The net transfers from Level 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 were exclusively to Level 2.

(b) Refer to Note OMarket Risk Benefits for roll forward activity of the net Market Risk Benefits Asset and Liability.

(c) The initial contingent consideration recorded in the Roar transaction is included in purchases in the table above.

Valuation Methodologies and Associated Inputs for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The following discussion outlines the methodologies and assumptions used to determine the fair value of our financial instruments not carried at fair value. Considerable judgment is required to develop these assumptions used to measure fair value. Accordingly, the estimates shown are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that would be realized in a one-time, current market exchange of all of our financial instruments.

The fair value of mortgage loans is established using a discounted cash flow method based on internal credit rating, maturity, and future income. This yield-based approach is sourced from our third-party vendor. The internal ratings for mortgages in good standing are based on property type, location, market conditions, occupancy, debt service coverage, loan-to-value, quality of tenancy, borrower, and payment record. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our mortgage loans are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Investments in Unconsolidated affiliates

In our F&G segment, the carrying value of Investments in unconsolidated affiliates is primarily determined using NAV as a practical expedient and are included in the NAV column in the table below. Recognition of income and adjustments to the carrying amount are delayed due to the availability of the related financial statements, which are obtained from the general partner generally on a one to three-month delay. In our title segment, Investments in unconsolidated affiliates accounted for under the equity method of accounting were $167 million and $166 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Policy Loans (included within Other long-term investments)

Policy loans are reported at the unpaid principal balance and are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of underlying insurance policies. The carrying value of the policy loans approximates the fair value and are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Company Owned Life Insurance (included within Other long-term investments)

Company owned life insurance ("COLI") is a life insurance program used to finance certain employee benefit expenses. The fair value of COLI is based on net realizable value, which is generally cash surrender value. COLI is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Other Invested Assets (included within Other long-term investments)

The fair value of bank loans is estimated using a discounted cash flow method with the discount rate based on weighted average cost of capital ("WACC"). This yield-based approach is sourced from a third-party vendor and the WACC establishes a market participant discount rate by determining the hypothetical capital structure for the asset should it be underwritten as of each period end. Bank loans are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. For cost method investments, our carrying value approximates fair value. Cost method investments are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

Investment Contracts

Investment contracts include deferred annuities (indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities), IUL policies, funding agreements and pension risk transfers ("PRT"), and immediate annuity contracts without life contingencies. The indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives, included in contractholder funds, are excluded as they are carried at fair value. The fair value of the deferred annuities (indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities) and IUL contracts is based on their cash surrender value (i.e., the cost the Company would incur to extinguish the liability) as these contracts are generally issued without an annuitization date. The fair value of funding agreements and PRT and immediate annuity contracts without life contingencies is derived by calculating a new fair value interest rate using the updated yield curve and treasury spreads as of the respective reporting date. The Company is not required to, and has not, estimated the fair value of the liabilities under contracts that involve significant mortality or morbidity risks, as these liabilities fall within the definition of insurance contracts that are exceptions from financial instruments that require disclosures of fair value.

Other

Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) common stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The carrying amount of FHLB common stock represents the value it can be sold back to the FHLB and is classified as Level 2 within the hierarchy.

Debt

The fair value of debt, with the exception of the F&G Credit Agreement is based on quoted market prices. The carrying value of the F&G Credit Agreement would approximate fair value as the rates would be comparable to those at which we could currently borrow under similar terms. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no outstanding balances under the F&G Credit Agreement. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our outstanding debt are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables provide the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are carried on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at amounts other than fair value, summarized according to the fair value hierarchy previously described.

For investments for which NAV is used as a practical expedient for fair value, we do not have any significant restrictions in our ability to liquidate our positions in these investments, other than obtaining general partner approval, nor do we believe it is probable that a price less than NAV would be received in the event of a liquidation.

We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets or liabilities. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers in and out of Level 3, or between other levels, at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. The transfers into and out of Level 3 were related to changes in the primary pricing source and changes in the observability of external information used in determining the fair value.

Note D —Investments

Our fixed maturity securities investments have been designated as available-for-sale ("AFS"), and are carried at fair value, net of allowance for expected credit losses, with unrealized gains and losses included in AOCI, net of deferred income taxes. Our preferred and equity securities investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in net earnings. The Company’s consolidated investments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

Securities held on deposit with various state regulatory authorities had a fair value of $156 million and $997 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company held $35 million and $32 million, respectively, of investments that were non-income producing for a period greater than twelve months.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company's accrued interest receivable balance, excluding accrued interest receivable balances related to mortgage loans discussed below under "Mortgage Loans," was $512 million and $476 million, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is classified within Prepaid expenses and other assets within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In accordance with our FHLB agreements, the investments supporting the funding agreement liabilities are pledged as collateral to secure the FHLB funding agreement liabilities and are not available to us for general purposes. The collateral investments had a fair value of $4,624 million and $4,289 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities by contractual maturities, as applicable, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

Allowance for Expected Credit Loss

We regularly review AFS securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be credit related. For our fixed maturity securities, we generally consider the following in determining whether our unrealized losses are credit related, and if so, the magnitude of the credit loss:

•The extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis;

•The reasons for the decline in value (credit event, foreign currency or interest-rate related, including general credit spread widening);

•The financial condition of and near-term prospects of the issuer (including issuer's current credit rating and the probability of full recovery of principal based upon the issuer's financial strength);

•Current delinquencies and non-performing assets of underlying collateral;

•Expected future default rates;

•Collateral value by vintage, geographic region, industry concentration or property type;

•Subordination levels or other credit enhancements as of the balance sheet date as compared to origination; and

•Contractual and regulatory cash obligations and the issuer's plans to meet such obligations.

We recognize an allowance for current expected credit losses on fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position when it is determined, using the factors discussed above, a component of the unrealized loss is related to credit. We measure the credit loss using a discounted cash flow model that utilizes the single best estimate cash flow and the recognized credit loss is limited to the total unrealized loss on the security (i.e., the fair value floor). Cash flows are discounted using the implicit yield of bonds at their time of purchase and the current book yield for asset and mortgage-backed securities as well as variable rate securities. We recognize the expected credit losses in Recognized gains and losses, net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings, with an offset for the amount of non-credit impairments recognized in AOCI. We do not measure a credit loss allowance on accrued investment income because we write-off accrued interest through Interest and investment income when collectability concerns arise.

We consider the following in determining whether write-offs of a security’s amortized cost are necessary:

• We believe amounts related to securities have become uncollectible;

• We intend to sell a security; or

• It is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a security prior to recovery.

If we intend to sell a fixed maturity security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis and the fair value of the security is below amortized cost, we will write down the security to current fair value, with a corresponding charge, net of any amount previously recognized as an allowance for expected credit loss, to Recognized gains and losses, net in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. If we do not intend to sell a fixed maturity security or it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell a fixed maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost basis but believe amounts related to a security are uncollectible, an impairment is deemed to have occurred and the amortized cost is written down to the estimated recovery value with a corresponding charge, net of any amount previously recognized as an allowance for expected credit loss, to Recognized gains and losses, net in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The remainder of unrealized loss is held in AOCI. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our allowance for expected credit losses for AFS securities was $103 million and $67 million, respectively.

The fair value and gross unrealized losses of AFS securities, excluding securities in an unrealized loss position with an allowance for expected credit loss, aggregated by investment category and duration of fair value below amortized cost as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

The unrealized losses as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were caused by higher treasury rates compared to those at the time of the F&G acquisition or the purchase of the security if later. We believe the unrealized loss position for which we havenot recorded an allowance for expected credit loss as of June 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to interest rate increases, near-term illiquidity and other macroeconomic uncertainties as opposed to issuer specific credit concerns.

Our mortgage loans are collateralized by commercial and residential properties.

Commercial Mortgage Loans

Commercial mortgage loans (“CMLs”) represented approximately 5% of our total investments reported on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The mortgage loans in our investment portfolio are generally comprised of high quality commercial first lien and mezzanine real estate loans. Mortgage loans are primarily on income producing properties including industrial properties, retail buildings, multifamily properties, and office buildings. We diversify our CML portfolio by geographic region and property type to attempt to reduce concentration risk. We continuously evaluate CMLs based on relevant current information to ensure properties are performing at a consistent and acceptable level to secure the related debt. The distribution of CMLs, gross of valuation allowances, by property type and geographic region is reflected in the following tables:

An individual loan, or a portion thereof, is charged off when it is determined to be uncollectible. There were no charge offs for CMLs during the six month period ended June 30, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024. CMLs segregated by aging of the loans (by year of origination) as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows, gross of valuation allowances:

Loan-to-value (“LTV”) and debt service coverage (“DSC”) ratios are measures commonly used to assess the risk and quality of mortgage loans. The LTV ratio is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. A LTV ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the underlying collateral. The DSC ratio, based upon the most recently received financial statements, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of a property’s net income to its debt service payments. A DSC ratio of less than 1.00 indicates that a property’s operations do not generate sufficient income to cover debt payments. We normalize our DSC ratios to a 25 year amortization period for purposes of our general loan allowance evaluation.

The following tables present the recorded investment in CMLs by LTV and DSC ratio categories and estimated fair value by the indicated LTV ratios, gross of valuation allowances at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

We recognize a mortgage loan as delinquent when payments on the loan are greater than 30 days past due. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we hadone CML that was delinquent in principal or interest payments as shown in the tables above.

Residential Mortgage Loans

Residential mortgage loans (“RMLs”) represented approximately 6% and 5% of our total investments reported on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our RMLs are primarily closed end, amortizing loans and 100% of the properties are located in the United States. We diversify our RML portfolio by state to attempt to reduce concentration risk. The distribution of RMLs by state with highest-to-lowest concentration are reflected in the following tables, gross of valuation allowances:

(a) The individual concentration of each state is less than 5% as of June 30, 2025.

(a) The individual concentration of each state is less than 5% as of December 31, 2024.

RMLs have a primary credit quality indicator of either a performing or non-performing loan. We define non-performing RMLs as those that are 90 or more days past due or in non-accrual status, which is assessed monthly. The credit quality of RMLs as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, was as follows:

An individual loan, or a portion thereof, is charged off when it is determined to be uncollectible. There wereno charge offs recorded by RMLs during the six months ended June 30, 2025 or during the year ended December 31, 2024. RMLs segregated by aging of the loans (by year of origination) as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows, gross of valuation allowances:

Non-accrual loans by amortized cost as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows:

Immaterial interest income was recognized on non-accrual financing receivables for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

It is our policy to cease to accrue interest on loans that are delinquent for 90 days or more. For loans less than 90 days delinquent, interest is accrued unless it is determined that the accrued interest is not collectible. If a loan becomes 90 days or more delinquent, it is our general policy to initiate foreclosure proceedings unless a workout arrangement to bring the loan current is in place. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $76 million and $94 million, respectively, of mortgage loans that were over 90 days past due.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $64 million and $81 million, respectively, of residential mortgage loans that were in the process of foreclosure.

Allowance for Expected Credit Loss

We estimate expected credit losses for our commercial and residential mortgage loan portfolios using a probability of default/loss given default model. Significant inputs to this model include, where applicable, the loans' current performance, underlying collateral type, location, contractual life, LTV, DSC and Debt to Income or FICO. The model projects losses using atwo year reasonable and supportable forecast and then reverts over athree-year period to market-wide historical loss experience. Changes in our allowance for expected credit losses on mortgage loans are recognized in Recognized gains and losses, net in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The allowances for our mortgage loan portfolio are summarized as follows:

An allowance for expected credit loss is not measured on accrued interest income for CMLs as we have a process to write-off interest on loans that enter into non-accrual status (90 days or more past due). Allowances for expected credit losses are measured on accrued interest income for RMLs and were immaterial for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the accrued interest receivable balance on CMLs totaled $9 million and $8 million, respectively, and the accrued interest receivable on RMLs totaled $34 million and $28 million, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is classified within Prepaid expenses and other assets within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Interest and Investment Income

The major sources of Interest and investment income reported on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings were as follows:

Interest and investment income is shown net of amounts attributable to certain funds withheld reinsurance agreements, which is passed along to the reinsurer in accordance with the terms of these agreements. Interest and investment income attributable to these agreements, and thus excluded from the totals in the table above, was $189 million and $155 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $373 million and $282 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Recognized Gains and Losses, Net

Details underlying Recognized gains and losses, net reported on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings were as follows:

(1) Includes net valuation losses of $35 million and $95 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $78 million and $73 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(2) Includes net valuation losses of $1 million and $3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and net valuation (losses) gains of $(2) million and $12 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(3) Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivatives is due to activity related to the reinsurance treaties.

Recognized gains and losses, net is shown net of amounts attributable to certain funds withheld reinsurance agreements, which are passed along to the reinsurer in accordance with the terms of these agreements. Recognized gains and (losses) attributable to these agreements, and thus excluded from the totals in the table above, were $(57) million and $(99) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $10 million and $(9) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.

The proceeds from the sale of fixed-maturity securities and the gross gains and losses associated with those transactions were as follows:

Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities

We own investments in variable interest entities ("VIEs") that are not consolidated within our financial statements. A VIE is an entity that does not have sufficient equity to finance its own activities without additional financial support, where investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial interest, or where the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights. VIEs are consolidated by their ‘primary beneficiary,’ a designation given to an entity that receives both the benefits from the VIE as well as the substantive power to make its key economic decisions. While we participate in the benefits from VIEs in which we invest, but do not consolidate, the substantive power to make the key economic decisions for each respective VIE resides with entities not under our common control. It is for this reason that we are not considered the primary beneficiary for the VIE investments that are not consolidated.

We invest in various limited partnerships and limited liability companies primarily as a passive investor. These investments are primarily in credit funds with a bias towards current income, real assets, or private equity. Limited partnership and limited liability company interests are accounted for under the equity method and are included in Investments in unconsolidated affiliates on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, we invest in structured investments, which may be VIEs, but for which we are not the primary beneficiary. These structured investments typically invest in fixed income investments and are managed by third parties and include asset-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, and residential mortgage-backed securities included in Fixed maturity securities available for sale on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For limited partnerships, our maximum loss exposure with respect to these VIEs is limited to the investment carry amounts reported in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in addition to any required unfunded commitments. For fixed maturity securities, our maximum loss exposure with respect to these VIEs is limited to the amortized cost in addition to any required unfunded commitments (also refer to Note FCommitments and Contingencies).

The following table summarizes the carrying value and the maximum loss exposure of our unconsolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Note E —Derivative Financial Instruments

Refer to Note A Basis of Financial Statements, for a description of the Company’s accounting policies for derivative financial instruments and Note CFair Value of Financial Instruments fordescriptions of the fair value methodologies used for derivative financial instruments.

The notional and carrying amounts of derivative financial instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in indexed annuities and IUL contracts, and reinsurance are as follows:

(a)The fair value of derivative assets is reported in Derivative investments, and the fair value of derivative liabilities is reported in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(b)The fair value is included in Other long term investments on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(c)The fair value is included in Contractholder funds on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(d)The fair value of the embedded derivative asset is included in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities as a contra-liability on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The amounts and locations of gains (losses) recognized for derivatives and gains (losses) recognized for hedged items included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings are as follows:

The following amounts are recorded in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the carrying amount of hedged assets and (liabilities) and the cumulative basis adjustment included in the carrying amount for fair value hedges:

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the derivative instruments’ gains (losses) excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness was immaterial.

There wereno cumulative fair value hedging adjustments for hedged assets and liabilities for which hedge accounting was discontinued as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

We utilize interest rate swaps and foreign currency swaps that are designated and accounted for as fair value hedges to reduce interest rate risk for certain funding agreements and to reduce the risk of certain exposures to foreign currency risk for foreign AFS fixed maturity securities. For fair value hedges of funding agreements, changes in fair value are reported in Benefits and other changes in policy reserves. For fair value hedges of AFS fixed maturity securities, changes in fair value included in the assessment of effectiveness are reported in Recognized gains and losses, net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The change in the fair value of components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness is recorded in OCI and is recognized in net income through periodic settlements.

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

Indexed Annuities/IUL Embedded Derivative, Equity Options and Futures

We have indexed annuities and IUL contracts that permit the holder to elect an interest rate return or an equity index linked component, where interest credited to the contracts is linked to the performance of various equity indices, such as the S&P 500 Index. This feature represents an embedded derivative under GAAP. The indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives are valued at fair value and included in the liability for contractholder funds in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in fair value included as a component of Benefits and other changes in policy reserves in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

We purchase derivatives consisting of a combination of equity options and futures contracts (specifically for indexed annuity contracts) on the applicable market indices to fund the index credits due to indexed annuity/IUL contractholders. The equity options are one, two, three, five and six year options purchased to match the funding requirements of the underlying policies. On the respective anniversary dates of the indexed policies, the index used to compute the interest credit is reset and we purchase new equity options to fund the next index credit. We manage the cost of these purchases through the terms of our indexed annuities/IUL contracts, which permit us to change caps, spreads or participation rates, subject to guaranteed minimums, on each contract’s anniversary date. The change in the fair value of the equity options and futures contracts is generally designed to offset the portion of the change in the fair value of the indexed annuities/IUL embedded derivatives related to index performance through the current credit period. The equity options and futures contracts are marked to fair value with the change in fair value included as a component of Recognized gains and losses, net, in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The change in fair value of the equity options and futures contracts includes the gains and losses recognized at the expiration of the instrument term or upon early termination and the changes in fair value of open positions.

Other market exposures are hedged periodically depending on market conditions and our risk tolerance. Our indexed annuities/IUL hedging strategy economically hedges the equity returns and exposes us to the risk that unhedged market exposures result in divergence between changes in the fair value of the liabilities and the hedging assets. We use a variety of techniques, including direct estimation of market sensitivities, to monitor this risk daily. We intend to continue to adjust the hedging strategy as market conditions and our risk tolerance changes.

Interest Rate Swaps

We utilize interest rate swaps to reduce market risks from interest rate changes on our earnings associated with our floating rate investments. With an interest rate swap, we agree with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed-rate and floating-rate interest amounts tied to an agreed upon notional principal.

The interest rate swaps are marked to fair value with the change in fair value, including accrued interest and related periodic cash flows received or paid, included as a component of Recognized gains and losses, net, in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Foreign Currency Swaps

We utilize foreign currency swaps to reduce market risks from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates that impact earnings associated with our foreign currency denominated investments. Through a foreign currency swap, we agree with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, principal and interest payments in one currency for principal and interest payments in another currency, based on an agreed-upon notional amount.

The foreign currency swaps are marked to fair value with the change in fair value, including accrued interest and related periodic cash flows received or paid, included as a component of Recognized gains and losses, net, in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Reinsurance Related Embedded Derivatives

F&G cedes certain business on a coinsurance funds withheld basis. Investment results for the assets that support the coinsurance are segregated within the funds withheld account and are passed directly to the reinsurer pursuant to the contractual terms of the reinsurance agreement, which creates embedded derivatives considered to be total return swaps. These total return swaps are not clearly and closely related to the underlying reinsurance agreement and thus require bifurcation. The fair value of the total return swaps is based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets held in the funds withheld account. Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, these embedded derivatives are reported in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities, irrespective if in a net asset position or a net liability position, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and prior periods have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation. The related gains or losses are reported in Recognized gains and losses, net, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Credit Risk

We are exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by our counterparties and reflect assumptions regarding this non-performance risk in the fair value of our derivatives. The non-performance risk is the net counterparty exposure based on the fair value of the open contracts less collateral held. We maintain a policy of requiring all derivative contracts to be governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreement.

We manage credit risk related to non-performance by our counterparties by (i) entering into derivative transactions with creditworthy counterparties; (ii) obtaining collateral, such as cash and securities when appropriate; and (iii) establishing counterparty exposure limits, which are subject to periodic management review.

Information regarding our exposure to credit loss on the derivative instruments we hold, excluding futures contracts, is presented below:

Collateral Agreements

We are required to maintain minimum ratings as a matter of routine practice as part of our over-the-counter derivative agreements on ISDA forms. Under some ISDA agreements, we have agreed to maintain certain financial strength ratings. A downgrade below these levels provides the counterparty under the agreement the right to terminate the open derivative contracts between the parties, at which time any amounts payable by us or the counterparty would be dependent on the market value of the underlying contracts. Our current rating does not allow any counterparty the right to terminate ISDA agreements. In certain transactions, both us and the counterparty have entered into a collateral support agreement requiring either party to post collateral when the net exposures exceed pre-determined thresholds. For all counterparties, exceptone, the threshold is set tozero. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 counterparties posted collateral of $856 million and $771 million, respectively, of which $774 million and $679 million, respectively, is included in Cash and cash equivalents with an associated payable for this collateral included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accordingly, the maximum amount of loss due to credit risk that we would incur if parties to the derivatives failed completely to perform according to the terms of the contracts was $68 million as of June 30, 2025 and $34 million at December 31, 2024.

We are required to pay our counterparties the effective federal funds interest rate each day for cash collateral posted to us. Cash collateral is reinvested in overnight investment sweep products, which are included in Cash and cash equivalents in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, to reduce the interest cost. Changes in cash collateral are included in the Change in derivative collateral liabilities in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow.

We held 332 and 527 futures contracts as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The fair value of the futures contracts represents the cumulative unsettled variation margin (open trade equity, net of cash settlements). We provide cash collateral to the counterparties for the initial and variation margin on the futures contracts, which is included in Cash and cash equivalents in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of cash collateral held by the counterparties for such contracts was $6 million and $7 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Note F —Commitments and Contingencies

Legal and Regulatory Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various pending and threatened litigation matters related to our operations, some of which include claims for punitive or exemplary damages. With respect to our title insurance operations, this customary litigation includes but is not limited to a wide variety of cases arising out of or related to title and escrow claims, for which we make provisions through our loss reserves. See Note BSummary of Reserve for Title Claim Lossesfor further discussion. Additionally, like other companies, our ordinary course litigation includes a number of class action and purported class action lawsuits, which make allegations related to aspects of our operations. We believe that no actions, other than the matters discussed below, if any, depart from customary litigation incidental to our business.

We review lawsuits and other legal and regulatory matters (collectively “legal proceedings”) on an ongoing basis when making accrual and disclosure decisions. When assessing reasonably possible and probable outcomes, management bases its decision on its assessment of the ultimate outcome assuming all appeals have been exhausted. For legal proceedings in which it has been determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability based on known facts and that represents our best estimate has been recorded. Our accrual for legal and regulatory matters was $17 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. None of the amounts we have currently recorded are considered to be material to our financial condition individually or in the aggregate. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded and the ultimate outcome of our pending legal proceedings is generally not yet determinable. While some of these matters could be material to our operating results or cash flows for any particular period if an unfavorable outcome results, at present we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of currently pending legal proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

F&G is a defendant intwo putative class action lawsuits related to the alleged compromise of certain of F&G’s customers’ personal information resulting from an alleged vulnerability in the MOVEit file transfer software. F&G’s vendor, Pension Benefit Information, LLC (“PBI”), used the MOVEit software in the course of providing audit and address research services to F&G and many other corporate customers. Miller v. F&G, No. 4:23-cv-00326, was filed against F&G in the Southern District of Iowa on August 31, 2023. Miller alleges that he is an F&G customer whose information was impacted in the MOVEit incident and brings common law tort and implied contract claims for damages. Cooper v. Progress Software Corp., No. 1:23-cv-12067, was filed against F&G andfive other defendants in the District of Massachusetts on September 7, 2023. Cooper also alleges that he is an F&G customer and brings similar common law tort claims and alleges claims as a purported third-party beneficiary of an alleged contract.

Well over 150 similar lawsuits have been filed against other entities impacted by the MOVEit incident including a number of such lawsuits related to PBI’s use of MOVEit. On October 4, 2023, the U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (JPML) created a multidistrict litigation (MDL) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1407 to handle all litigation brought by individuals whose information was potentially compromised in connection with the alleged MOVEit vulnerability. Both Millerand Cooper have been transferred to the MDL and consolidated under MDL Case No. 1:23-md-03083-ADB-PGL. The case is proceeding under a modified bellwether structure to decide critical issues and facilitate reciprocal discovery, and Plaintiffs’ consolidated class action complaint against all the bellwether Defendants was filed on December 6, 2024. F&G was not selected as a bellwether Defendant, and there is no schedule in place for further proceedings involving the non-bellwether Defendants like F&G. At this time, we do not believe the incident will have a material impact on our business, operations, or financial results.

In connection with the cybersecurity incident initially reported on November 21, 2023, the Company and/or its subsidiaries is a party to a consolidated putative nationwide class action, In Re: LoanCare Data Security Breach Litigation, Case No. 3:23cv1508, pending in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida and originating from the consolidation of putative class actions filed in the U.S. District Courts for the Middle District of Florida, the Central District of California, and the Western District of Missouri. On March 19, 2024, plaintiffs filed their consolidated class action complaint on behalf of a nationwide class, along with a California subclass and a Florida subclass, alleging common law tort and contract claims and certain state statutory claims. The parties mediated the case on July 25, 2024, and reached an agreement in principle to resolve the case on a class-wide basis. On March 24, 2025, the court granted preliminary approval of the class-wide settlement, set class notice and claim form deadlines, and scheduled a final approval hearing for September 4, 2025. If approved, and once the settlement administrator disburses all the funds, the case will be dismissed.

On May 28, 2024, a lawsuit styled Roofers Local 149 Pension Fund v. Fidelity National Financial Inc., William P. Foley, F&G Annuities & Life Inc., C.A. No. 2024-0562-LWW, was filed in the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware against Fidelity National Financial, Inc. (“FNF”), in its capacity as F&G Annuities & Life Inc.’s (“F&G”) controlling stockholder, and William P. Foley, Executive Chairman of F&G and Chairman of FNF, alleging breach of fiduciary duty related to F&G’s January 11, 2024 sale of $250 million of 6.875% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock to FNF. Plaintiff alleges that, based upon an unfair process and unfair price, the preferred stock investment was advantageous to FNF and unfair to F&G.

Plaintiff seeks to recover damages on behalf of F&G for the alleged unfair preferred stock investment and the adoption of certain corporate governance measures. On July 24, 2024, F&G filed its answer, and the remaining defendants, including FNF, filed their motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint. On September 23, 2024, Plaintiff voluntarily dismissed its action against William P. Foley. On May 9, 2025, the court entered an order granting FNF’s motion and dismissing the stockholder derivative complaint finding plaintiff failed to plead specific facts supporting its unfairness allegations. No appeal was filed, and the case has been dismissed with prejudice.

Fidelity & Guaranty Life Insurance Company (“FGL Insurance”) is a defendant in a lawsuit filed in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas styled, Insurance Distribution Consulting, LLC ("IDC") v. Fidelity & Guaranty Life Insurance Company, Case No. 3:23-cv-00126. Plaintiff, which provides consulting services to independent marketing organizations (IMOs), alleges FGL Insurance failed to pay commissions owed to plaintiff and diverted commissions from one of plaintiff’s IMO customers, Syncis, to another IMO, Freedom Equity Group, LLC (“Freedom Equity”). Further, plaintiff alleges after FGL Insurance purportedly purchased a partial ownership interest in Syncis and Freedom Equity, plaintiff offered to sell its interests in its contracts with Syncis but FGL Insurance declined, leading plaintiff to allege a statutory violation of 42 U.S.C. §1981 for discrimination where plaintiff’s sole member is a racial minority. Plaintiff claims its damages for breach of contract from FGL Insurance’s purported failure to pay commissions are more than $162 million and its damages from FGL Insurance’s declining to purchase plaintiff’s interest in its contracts with Syncis are over $11 million. FGL Insurance denies the allegations and denies any contract or agreement existed with plaintiff to pay commissions. On April 21, 2025, FGL Insurance filed its motion for summary judgment, which is fully briefed. On June 5, 2025, plaintiff amended its complaint to include an additional breach of contract claim, prompting FGL Insurance to file a second motion for summary judgment on July 18, 2025,addressing the new allegation. Additionally, FGL Insurance has filed its motion to exclude plaintiff’s expert testimony as inadmissible. The case is now expected to be set for trial in the fall of 2025. On July 18, 2025, Peak Altitude Equity, LLC (“Peak”), a subsidiary of Fidelity & Guaranty Life Holdings, Inc., was served with a new lawsuit filed by IDC as a counterclaim in response to a separate breach of contract lawsuit initiated against IDC by Syncis. The case, styled, Syncis Insurance Solutions, LLC v. Insurance Distribution Consulting, LLC, Case No. 2:25-cv-03874, is pending in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, and certain facts alleged by IDC against Peak overlap with those asserted in the lawsuit filed by IDC against FGL Insurance. FGL Insurance and Peak will vigorously contest the Plaintiff’s claims in the actions. As this case continues to evolve, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the probability that plaintiff will ultimately prevail on its claims or that FGL Insurance and/or Peak will be held liable for the dispute. At this time, we do not believe the lawsuit will have a material impact on our business, operations, or financial results.

On June 10, 2025, a stockholder derivative lawsuit styled, Patrick Ayers v. William P. Foley, Douglas K. Ammerman, Halim Dhanidina, Thomas M. Hagerty, Daniel D. Lane, Heather H. Miller, Sandra D. Morgan, John D. Rood, Peter O. Shea, Jr., Cary H. Thompson, and Fidelity National Financial, Inc., C.A. No. 2025-0650-LWW, was filed in the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware against FNF and its non-employee members of its Board of Directors alleging they breached their fiduciary duties related to their compensation in 2022, 2023, and 2024, and were unjustly enriched. Plaintiff seeks disgorgement of any alleged excessive and unfair compensation payments, the recovery of damages on behalf of FNF, and the reformation of certain corporate governance and internal measures to protect FNF and its stockholders going forward. In response to the complaint, defendants have submitted a motion to dismiss, and briefing is in progress. At this time, we do not believe the lawsuit will have a material impact on our business, operations, or financial results.

From time to time, we receive inquiries and requests for information from state insurance departments, attorneys general, and other regulatory agencies about various matters relating to our business. Sometimes these take the form of civil investigative demands or subpoenas. We cooperate with all such inquiries, and we have responded to or are currently responding to inquiries from multiple governmental agencies. Also, regulators and courts have been dealing with issues arising from foreclosures and related processes and documentation. Various governmental entities are studying the title insurance product, market, pricing, and business practices, and potential regulatory and legislative changes, which may materially affect our business and operations. From time to time, we are assessed fines for violations of regulations or other matters or enter into settlements with such authorities, which may require us to pay fines or claims or take other actions. We do not anticipate such fines and settlements, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, or financial results.

In our F&G segment, we have unfunded commitments as of June 30, 2025 based upon the timing of when investments and agreements are executed or signed compared to when the actual investments and agreements are funded or closed. Some investments require that funding occur over a period of months or years. A summary of unfunded commitments by commitment type as of June 30, 2025 is included below:

Concurrent with the Roar purchase agreement, we executed a separate loan agreement with the sellers of Roar for us to lend up to $40 million. The loan matures on August 5, 2027. The principal balance outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $18 million and $11 million, respectively. The balance is included in Prepaid expenses and other assets on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in fair value are reported within Recognized gains and losses, net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Interest income is recorded in Interest and investment income in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and recognized when earned. The remainder of the unfunded loan commitment is included in the unfunded commitments table above in the “Other assets” line item.

Note G —Dividends

On August 6, 2025, our Board of Directors declared cash dividends of $0.50 per share, payable on September 30, 2025, to FNF common shareholders of record as of September 16, 2025.

Note H —Segment Information

The tables below summarize the result of operations by segment that are provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), who is the Company's Chief Executive Officer. The Company's primary methods of measuring profitability and performance on a reportable segment basis are Revenues and Net earnings from continuing operations which are also measures used by the CODM to evaluate segment results and are factors in determining capital allocation among the segments.

Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments is shown in the following tables. The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM.

As of and for the three months ended June 30, 2025:

As of and for the three months ended June 30, 2024:

As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025:

As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024:

The activities in our segments include the following:

•Title. This segment consists of the operations of our title insurance underwriters and related businesses. This segment provides core title insurance and escrow and other title-related services including loan sub-servicing, valuations, default services, and home warranty.

•F&G. This segment primarily consists of the operations of our annuities and life insurance related businesses. This segment issues a broad portfolio of annuity and life products, including deferred annuities (indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities), immediate annuities and IUL. This segment also provides funding agreements and PRT solutions.

•Corporate and Other. This segment consists of the operations of the parent holding company, our real estate technology subsidiaries, and our remaining real estate brokerage businesses. This segment also includes certain other unallocated corporate overhead expenses and eliminations of revenues and expenses between it and our Title segment.

•Elimination. This segment consists of the elimination of dividends paid from F&G to FNF, which are included in the Corporate and Other segment.

Note I —Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following supplemental cash flow information is provided with respect to certain cash payment and non-cash investing and financing activities:

Note J —Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

Our revenue consists of:

Our Direct title insurance premiums are recognized as revenue at the time of closing of the underlying transaction as the earnings process is then considered complete. Regulation of title insurance rates varies by state. Premiums are charged to customers based on rates predetermined in coordination with each states' respective Department of Insurance. Cash associated with such revenue is typically collected at closing of the underlying real estate transaction. Premium revenues from agency title operations are recognized when the underlying title order and transaction closing, if applicable, are complete.

Revenues from our home warranty business are generated from contracts with customers to provide warranty for major home appliances. Substantially all of our home warranty contracts areone year in length and revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the contract.

Escrow fees and other title-related fees and income in our Title segment are closely related to Direct title insurance premiums and are primarily associated with managing the closing of real estate transactions, including the processing of funds on behalf of the transaction participants, gathering and recording the required closing documents, providing notary and home inspection services, and other real estate or title-related activities. Revenue is primarily recognized upon closing of the underlying real estate transaction or completion of services. Cash associated with such revenue is typically collected at closing.

Revenues from ServiceLink, excluding its title premiums, escrow fees and loan subservicing fees primarily include revenues from real estate appraisal services and foreclosure processing and facilitation services. Revenues from real estate appraisal services are recognized when all appraisal work is complete, a final report is issued to the client and the client is billed. Revenues from foreclosure processing and facilitation services are primarily recognized upon completion of the services and when billing to the client is complete.

F&G derives its revenue from external customers primarily located in the United States. Life insurance premiums in our F&G segment reflect premiums for life-contingent PRT, traditional life insurance products, and life-contingent immediate annuity products, which are recognized as revenue when due from the policyholder. We have ceded the majority of our traditional life business to unaffiliated third party reinsurers. While the base contract has been reinsured, we continue to retain the return of premium rider. Insurance and investment product fees and other consist primarily of the cost of insurance on IUL policies, unearned revenue liabilities ("URL") on IUL policies, policy rider fees primarily on fixed indexed annuity ("FIA") policies and surrender charges assessed against policy withdrawals in excess of the policyholder's allowable penalty-free amounts.

Premium and annuity deposit collections for indexed annuities, fixed rate annuities, immediate annuities and PRT without life contingency, and amounts received for funding agreements are reported in the financial statements as deposit liabilities (i.e., contractholder funds) instead of as sales or revenues. Similarly, cash payments to customers are reported as decreases in the liability for contractholder funds and not as expenses. Sources of revenues for products accounted for as deposit liabilities include net investment income, surrender, cost of insurance and other charges deducted from contractholder funds, and net realized gains (losses) on investments. Components of expenses for products accounted for as deposit liabilities are interest-sensitive and index product benefits (primarily interest credited to account balances or the hedging cost of providing index credits to the policyholder), amortization of value of business acquired ("VOBA"), deferred acquisition costs ("DAC") and deferred sales inducements ("DSI"), other operating costs and expenses, and income taxes.

Real estate technology revenues are primarily comprised of subscription fees for use of software provided to real estate professionals. Subscriptions are only offered on a month-by-month basis and fees are billed monthly. Revenue is recognized in the month services are provided.

Loan subservicing revenues are generated by certain subsidiaries of ServiceLink and are associated with the servicing of mortgage loans on behalf of its customers. Revenue is recognized when the underlying work is performed and billed. Loan subservicing revenues are subject to the recognition requirements of ASC Topic 860.

Interest and investment income consists primarily of interest payments received on fixed maturity security holdings and dividends received on equity and preferred security holdings along with the investment income of limited partnerships.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, primarily related to revenue from our home warranty business, and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about trade receivables and deferred revenue:

Deferred revenue is recorded primarily for our home warranty contracts. Revenues from home warranty products are recognized over the life of the policy, which is primarilyone year. The unrecognized portion is recorded as deferred revenue in Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized $38 million and $62 millionof revenue, respectively, which was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the respective period.

URL

The following table rolls forward URL for our universal life product for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024:

For IUL, the cash flow assumptions used to amortize URL reflect the Company’s best estimates for policyholder behavior. We review cash flow assumptions annually, generally in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of all significant assumptions, resulting in a revision to the IUL assumptions involving premium persistency and mortality improvement.

Note K —Value of Business Acquired ("VOBA"), Deferred Acquisition Costs ("DAC") and Deferred Sales Inducements ("DSI")

The following table reconciles to Other intangible assets, net, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The following tables roll forward VOBA by product for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

(a) net of amortization of ($15 million).

VOBA amortization expense of $77 million and $95 million was recorded in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following tables roll forward DAC by product for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

(a) Excludes insignificant amounts of DAC related to funding agreement backed notes ("FABN") and PRT.

DAC amortization expense of $167 million and $125 million was recorded in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, excluding insignificant amounts related to FABN and PRT.

The following table presents a reconciliation of DAC to the table above, which is reconciled to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The following table rolls forward DSI for our indexed annuity products for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

DSI amortization expense of $30 million and $16 million was recorded in Depreciation and amortization on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The cash flow assumptions used to amortize VOBA and DAC were consistent with the assumptions used to estimate the future policy benefits ("FPB") for life contingent immediate annuities, and PRT. Those assumptions will be reviewed and unlocked, if applicable, in the same period as those balances. For nonparticipating traditional life contracts, the VOBA amortization is straight-line, without the use of cash flow assumptions. For indexed annuity contracts, the cash flow assumptions used to amortize VOBA, DAC, and DSI were consistent with the assumptions used to estimate the value of the embedded derivative and MRBs, and will be reviewed and unlocked, if applicable, in the same period as those balances. For fixed rate annuities and IUL the cash flow assumptions used to amortize VOBA, and DAC reflect the Company’s best estimates for policyholder behavior, consistent with the development of assumptions for indexed annuities and immediate annuities.

F&G reviews cash flow assumptions annually, generally in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of all significant assumptions and revised several assumptions relating to our deferred annuity (indexed annuity and fixed rate annuity) and IUL products. For thesix months ended June 30, 2025, F&G updated the assumption for option budgets. For the year ended December 31, 2024, F&G updated assumptions including surrender rates, GMWB election timing, premium persistency, mortality improvement and option budgets. All updates to these assumptions brought F&G more in line with our Company and overall industry experience since the prior assumption update.

There has been no material change to the estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets since December 31, 2024.

Note L —F&G Reinsurance

The Company reinsures portions of its policy risks with other insurance companies. The use of indemnity reinsurance does not discharge an insurer from liability on the insurance ceded. The insurer is required to pay in full the amount of its insurance liability regardless of whether it is entitled to or able to receive payment from the reinsurer. The portion of risks exceeding the Company's retention limit is reinsured. The Company primarily seeks reinsurance coverage in order to manage loss exposures, to enhance our capital position, to diversify risks and earnings, and to manage new business volume. The Company follows reinsurance accounting when the treaty adequately transfers insurance risk and any acquisition cost reimbursements reduce policy acquisition costs deferred and maintenance expense reimbursements reduce direct expenses incurred. Otherwise, the Company follows deposit accounting if there is inadequate transfer of insurance risk or if the underlying policy for which risk is being transferred is an investment contract that does not contain insurance risk. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had an immaterial amount of cost of reinsurance recorded on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The effects of reinsurance on net premiums earned and net benefits incurred (benefits paid and reserve changes) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Amounts payable or recoverable for reinsurance on paid and unpaid claims are not subject to periodic or maximum limits. No policies issued by the Company have been reinsured with any foreign company, which is controlled, either directly or indirectly, by a party not primarily engaged in the business of insurance. The Company has not entered into any reinsurance agreements in which the reinsurer may unilaterally cancel any reinsurance for reasons other than non-payment of premiums or other similar credit issues.

Reinsurance Transactions

The following summarizes significant changes to third-party reinsurance agreements for the period ended June 30, 2025:

Everlake: Effective January 1, 2025, F&G amended the existing flow reinsurance agreement with Everlake Life Insurance Company (“Everlake”) to cede future additional multi-year guarantee annuities ("MYGA") business for agreed upon periods to Everlake pursuant to an offer and acceptance process, rather than on a flow basis. The amendment included a cession of an inforce block of certain MYGA policies on a coinsurance quota share basis.

New Reinsurance Vehicle: On August 6, 2025, F&G announced the launch of a strategic partnership with a new reinsurance vehicle backed by Blackstone managed funds, with approximately $1 billion in anticipated capital commitments.

The reinsurer will provide long-term, on demand growth capital to F&G through a forward flow reinsurance agreement on a quota share basis of certain fixed indexed annuity products, effective August 1, 2025. F&G does not hold any ownership stake in the reinsurer, which is unaffiliated and a Blackstone owned entity.

There have been no other significant changes to third party reinsurance agreements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

The following summarizes our reinsurance recoverable as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, F&G had a deposit asset of $12,642 million and $11,039 million, respectively, which is reported in the Reinsurance recoverable, net of allowance for credit losses on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company incurred risk charge fees of $10 million and $12 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $21 million and $22 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, in relation to reinsurance agreements.

Credit Losses

The Company estimates expected credit losses on reinsurance recoverables using a probability of default/loss given default model. Significant inputs to the model include the reinsurer's credit risk, expected timing of recovery, industry-wide historical default experience, senior unsecured bond recovery rates, and credit enhancement features. There was no material change in the expected credit loss reserve for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Concentration of Reinsurance Risk

As indicated above, F&G has a significant concentration of reinsurance risk with third party reinsurers, Aspida Life Re Ltd. (“Aspida Re”), Somerset Reinsurance Ltd. (“Somerset”), Everlake and Wilton Reassurance Company (“Wilton Re”) that could have a material impact on our financial position in the event that any of these reinsurers fails to perform its obligations under the various reinsurance treaties. We monitor the financial condition and financial strength of individual reinsurers using public ratings (refer to table below) and ratings reports of individual reinsurers to attempt to reduce the risk of default by such reinsurers. In addition, the risk of non-performance is further mitigated with various forms of collateral or collateral arrangements, including secured trusts, funds withheld accounts, and irrevocable letters of credit. We believe that all amounts due from Aspida Re, Somerset, Everlake, and Wilton Re for periodic treaty settlements, net of any applicable credit loss reserves, are collectible as of June 30, 2025. The following table presents financial strength ratings as of June 30, 2025:

“—” indicates not rated

Note M —F&G Insurance Subsidiary Financial Information and Regulatory Matters

Our U.S. insurance subsidiaries, FGL Insurance, FGL NY Insurance, Raven Re and Corbeau Re, file financial statements with state insurance regulatory authorities and, except for Raven Re, with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) that are prepared in accordance with Statutory Accounting Principles (“SAP”) prescribed or permitted by such authorities. Prescribed SAP includes the Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual of the NAIC as well as state laws, regulations and administrative rules. Permitted SAP encompasses all accounting practices not prescribed but approved by state regulators. The principal differences between SAP financial statements and financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP are that SAP financial statements do not reflect VOBA, DAC, and DSI, some bond portfolios may be carried at amortized cost, assets and liabilities are presented net of reinsurance, contractholder liabilities are generally valued using more conservative assumptions and certain assets are non-admitted. Accordingly, SAP operating results and SAP capital and surplus may differ substantially from amounts reported in the GAAP basis financial statements for comparable items.

Our non-U.S. insurance subsidiaries, F&G Cayman Re Ltd (“F&G Cayman Re”), a Cayman Islands entity, and F&G Life Re Ltd (“F&G Life Re”), a Bermuda entity, file financial statements with their respective regulators.

U.S. Companies

Our principal insurance subsidiaries' audited statutory financial statements are based on a December 31 year end. Statutory net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and statutory capital and surplus as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, of our wholly owned U.S. regulated insurance subsidiaries, were as follows:

(a) FGL NY Insurance, Raven Re, and Corbeau Re are subsidiaries of FGL Insurance, and the columns should not be added together.

Prescribed and permitted practices

FGL Insurance - FGL Insurance applies Iowa-prescribed accounting practices prescribed by Iowa Administrative Code 191 Chapter 97, “Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments Used to Hedge the Growth in Interest Credited for Indexed Insurance Products and Accounting for the Indexed Insurance Products Reserve,” for its indexed annuities and IUL products. Under these alternative accounting practices, the equity option derivative instruments that hedge the growth in interest credited on index products are accounted for at amortized cost with the corresponding amortization recorded as a decrease to net investment income and indexed annuity reserves are calculated based on Standard Valuation Law and Actuarial Guideline XXXV assuming the market value of the equity options associated with the current index term is zero regardless of the observable market value for such options.

In addition, based on a permitted practice received from the Iowa Insurance Division, FGL Insurance carries one of its limited partnership interests which qualifies for accounting under SSAP No. 48, “Investments in Joint Ventures, Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies,” on a net asset value per share basis. This is a departure from SSAP No. 48 which requires such investments to be carried based on the investees underlying GAAP equity (prior to any impairment considerations). In addition, the financial statements of Raven Re and Corbeau Re include certain permitted practices approved by the Vermont Department of Financial Regulation. Without such permitted statutory accounting practices, Corbeau Re’s statutory capital would be negative, and its risk-based capital would fall below the minimum regulatory requirements as of June 30, 2025.

The prescribed and permitted practices resulted in increases to statutory capital and surplus of $252 million and $454 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

There have been no material changes to the prescribed and permitted practices for our U.S. insurance subsidiaries, which were detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and no other significant changes in the regulatory status of our insurance subsidiaries as of June 30, 2025.

Non-U.S. Companies

Our non-U.S. insurance subsidiaries, F&G Cayman Re and F&G Life Re, file financial statements with their respective regulators. F&G Cayman Re files financial statements that are prepared in accordance with SAP prescribed or permitted by such authorities, which may vary materially from GAAP. Accordingly, SAP operating results and SAP capital and surplus may differ substantially from amounts reported in the GAAP basis financial statements for comparable items.

F&G Cayman Re hastwo permitted practices, which have been approved by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority (“CIMA”). F&G Cayman Re has a permitted practice approved by CIMA to include, as an admitted asset, the value of the letters of credit (“LOCs”) acquired to support reinsurance transactions. Also, F&G Cayman Re has a permitted practice, approved by CIMA, for PRT reinsurance transactions to use U.S. statutory book value adjusted for best estimate reserve calculations (consistent with GAAP prior to ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944), Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts). These reserve calculations will be subject to annual assumption reviews consistent with other GAAP liability balances. If F&G Cayman Re had not been permitted to calculate PRT assumed reserves using best estimate reserve calculations or include the value of the LOCs as an admitted asset, statutory surplus would be $(83) million and $(64) million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Without such permitted statutory accounting practices, F&G Cayman Re’s risk-based capital would fall below the minimum regulatory requirements as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

F&G Life Re files financial statements based on GAAP.

Net income and capital and surplus of our wholly owned Cayman Islands and Bermuda regulated insurance subsidiaries under SAP and GAAP, respectively, were as follows:

The prescribed and permitted statutory accounting practices have no impact on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which are prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Note N —Notes Payable

Notes payable consists of the following:

On January 13, 2025, F&G completed its public offering of the 7.30% F&G Junior Notes. F&G used the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase, redemption or repayment at maturity of outstanding indebtedness. The 7.30% F&G Junior Notes are junior, unsecured subordinated obligations of F&G. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears beginning on April 15, 2025, and the 7.30% F&G Junior Notes mature on January 15, 2065, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed. The 7.30% F&G Junior Notes become redeemable in whole or in part, any time and from time to time on or after January 15, 2030 or within 90 days of the occurrence of certain events as described in the indenture. The 7.30% F&G Junior Notes were registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (as amended) (the “Securities Act”).

On October 4, 2024, F&G issued $500 million of its 6.25% Senior Notes due 2034. The 6.25% F&G Notes were issued at 99.36% of face value, net of deferred issuance costs of approximately $8 million. The 6.25% F&G Notes are senior unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of F&G and are guaranteed by each of F&G's subsidiaries that are guarantors of F&G's obligations under its existing credit agreement. The 6.25% F&G Notes mature on October 4, 2034, and become callable on July 4, 2034. Interest is payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 6.25%, and if the 6.25% F&G Notes are downgraded, the interest rate payable is subject to adjustment from time to time per the terms of the indenture. A portion of the net proceeds were used to pay off the outstanding balance of $365 million on the F&G Credit Agreement described below. F&G intends to use the remaining net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including the support of organic growth opportunities.

On June 4, 2024, F&G completed its public offering of $550 million aggregate principal amount of its 6.50% F&G Notes due 2029. The 6.50% F&G Notes were issued at 99.74% of face value net of deferred issuance costs of approximately $6 million. The 6.50% F&G Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis by each of F&G’s subsidiaries that are guarantors of F&G’s obligations under its existing credit agreement. The 6.50% F&G Notes mature on June 4, 2029, and become callable on May 4, 2029. Interest is payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 6.50%, and, if the 6.50% F&G Notes are downgraded, the interest rate payable is subject to adjustment from time to time per the terms of the indenture. A portion of the net proceeds were used to finance a cash tender offer by its wholly owned subsidiary Fidelity & Guaranty Life Holdings, Inc. (“FGLH”) for an aggregate principal amount of $250 million of FGLH’s 5.50% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “5.50% F&G Notes”). F&G intends to use the remaining net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, which may include the repurchase, redemption or repayment at maturity of outstanding indebtedness.

On December 6, 2023, F&G issued $345 million of its 7.95% Senior Notes due 2053 ("7.95% F&G Notes"). The 7.95% F&G Notes were issued at par, net of deferred issuance costs of approximately $9 million. The 7.95% F&G Notes are senior unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of F&G and are guaranteed by each of F&G’s subsidiaries that are guarantors of F&G’s obligations under its existing credit agreement. The 7.95% F&G Notes mature on December 15, 2053, and become callable on December 15, 2028. Interest is payable quarterly at a fixed rate of 7.95%, and, if the 7.95% F&G Notes are downgraded, the interest rate payable is subject to adjustment from time to time per the terms of the indenture.

On January 13, 2023, F&G issued $500 million of its 7.40% Notes due 2028 ("the 7.40% F&G Notes"). The 7.40% F&G Notes were issued at par, net of deferred issuance costs of approximately $6 million. The 7.40% F&G Notes are senior, unsecured unsubordinated obligations of F&G and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis by each of F&G’s subsidiaries that are guarantors of F&G’s obligations under its existing credit agreement. The 7.40%

F&G Notes mature on January 13, 2028, and become callable on or after December 13, 2027. Interest is payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 7.40%, and if, the 7.40% F&G Notes are downgraded, the interest rate payable is subject to adjustment from time to time per the terms of the indenture.

On November 22, 2022, F&G entered into the F&G Credit Agreement pursuant to which the Lenders have made available the F&G Credit Facility in an aggregate principal amount of $550 million to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. On February 21, 2023, F&G entered into the Amended F&G Credit Agreement with the Lenders and the Administrative Agent, swing line lender and issuing bank. The Amended F&G Credit Agreement increased the aggregate principal amount of commitments under the F&G Credit Facility by $115 million to $665 million. On February 16, 2024, F&G entered into a Second Amended and Restated F&G Credit Agreement. Among other changes, the Second Amended and Restated F&G Credit Agreement amends the Amended F&G Credit Agreement to extend the maturity date to November 22, 2027, and increase the aggregate principal amount of commitments under the revolving credit facility to $750 million.

Revolving loans under the Credit Agreement generally bear interest at a variable rate based on either (i) the base rate (which is the highest of (a) one-half of one percent in excess of the federal funds rate, (b) the Administrative Agent’s “prime rate”, or (c) the sum of 1% plus The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a margin of between 30.0 and 80.0 basis points depending on the non-credit-enhanced, senior unsecured long-term debt ratings of F&G or (ii) Term SOFR plus a margin of between 130.0 and 180.0 basis points depending on the non-credit-enhanced, senior unsecured long-term debt ratings of F&G. In addition, F&G pays a facility fee of between 20.0 and 45.0 basis points on the entire facility, also depending on the non-credit-enhanced, senior unsecured long-term debt ratings, which is payable quarterly in arrears. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $750 million of remaining borrowing availability.

On September 17, 2021, we completed our underwritten public offering of $450 million aggregate principal amount of our 3.20% Notes due 2051 ("the 3.20% Notes"), pursuant to our registration statement on Form S-3 ASR (File No. 333-239002) and the related prospectus supplement. The net proceeds from the registered offering of the 3.20% Notes were approximately $443 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses. We used the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes.

On October 29, 2020, we entered into the Fifth Restated Credit Agreement for our Amended Revolving Credit Facility with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and the other agents party thereto. Among other changes, the Fifth Restated Credit Agreement amends the Fourth Restated Credit Agreement to extend the maturity date from April 27, 2022 to October 29, 2025. The material terms of the Fourth Restated Credit Agreement are set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. On February 16, 2024, we entered into a Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement for our $800 million revolving credit facility (the "Amended Revolving Credit Facility") with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and other agents party thereto (the "Sixth Restated Credit Agreement"). Among other changes, the Sixth Restated Credit Agreement amends the Amended Revolving Credit Facility to extend the maturity date from October 29, 2025, to February 16, 2029. As of June 30, 2025, there wasno principal outstanding, $3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, and $800 million of available borrowing capacity under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility.

On September 15, 2020, we completed our underwritten public offering of $600 million aggregate principal amount of our 2.45% Notes due March 15, 2031 (the "2.45% Notes") pursuant to an effective registration statement filed with the SEC. The net proceeds from the registered offering of the 2.45% Notes were approximately $593 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We used the net proceeds from the offering (i) to repay all our $260 million outstanding indebtedness under our prior term loan credit agreement dated April 22, 2020, among us, as borrower, various lenders, and Bank of American N.A., as administrative agent (the "Term Loan"), which provided for an aggregate principal borrowing of $1.0 billion that we entered into to fund a portion of the acquisition of F&G and (ii) for general corporate purposes.

On June 12, 2020, we completed our underwritten public offering of $650 million aggregate principal amount of the 3.40% Notes due June 15, 2030 (the “3.40% Notes”) pursuant to an effective registration statement filed with the SEC. The net proceeds from the registered offering of the 3.40% Notes were approximately $642 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, and commissions and offering expenses. We used the net proceeds from the offering (i) to repay $640 million of the outstanding principal amount under the Term Loan, and (ii) for general corporate purposes.

On April 20, 2018, Fidelity & Guaranty Life Holdings, Inc. (“FGLH”), F&G's indirect wholly owned subsidiary, completed a debt offering of $550 million of 5.50% F&G Notes due May 1, 2025 at 99.5% of face value for proceeds of $547 million. As a result of our acquisition of F&G in 2020, a premium of $39 million was established for these notes and was amortized over the remaining life of the debt through 2025. In conjunction with the acquisition, we became a guarantor of FGLH's obligations under the 5.50% F&G Notes and agreed to fully and unconditionally guarantee the 5.50% F&G Notes, on a joint and several basis. A portion of the net proceeds of the 6.50% F&G Notes were used for a $250 million cash tender offer of the 5.50% F&G Notes in June 2024. On February 1, 2025, F&G redeemed the outstanding $300 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% Senior Notes due May 1, 2025 (the “5.50% F&G Senior Notes”). The notes 5.50% F&G Senior Notes were redeemed for a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. On and after the redemption date, interest ceased to accrue on the notes.

On August 13, 2018, we completed an offering of $450 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.50% notes due August 2028 (the "4.50% Notes"), pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 4.50% Notes were priced at 99.252% of par to yield 4.594% annual interest. We pay interest on the 4.50% Notes semi-annually on the 15th of February and August, beginning February 15, 2019. The 4.50% Notes contain customary covenants and events of default for investment grade public debt, which primarily relate to failure to make principal or interest payments. On May 16, 2019, we completed an offering to exchange the 4.50% Notes for substantially identical notes registered pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "4.50% Notes Exchange"). There were no material changes to the terms of the 4.50% Notes as a result of the 4.50% Notes Exchange and all holders of the 4.50% Notes accepted the offer to exchange.

Gross principal maturities of notes payable as of June 30, 2025 are as follows:

Note O —Market Risk Benefits

The following table presents the balances of and changes in MRBs associated with indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024:

The following table reconciles MRBs by amounts in an asset position and amounts in a liability position to the MRBs amounts in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

The net MRB liability increased for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily as a result of collection of attributed fees, interest accrual, and MRB reserves for contracts issued within the period.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, notable changes made to the inputs to the fair value estimates of MRBs calculations included an increase in risk-free rates leading to a favorable change in the MRBs associated with indexed annuities and decreases in the equity market related projections resulted in an increase in the net amount at risk associated with indexed annuities, leading to an unfavorable change in the value of the associated MRBs.

The net MRB liability increased for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily as a result of collection of attributed fees, interest accrual, MRB reserves for contracts issued within the period, and changes in actuarial assumptions. These increases were partially offset by the effects of market related movements, including the impacts of higher risk-free rates and increases in the equity market related projections.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, notable changes made to the inputs to the fair value estimates of MRBs calculations included an increase in risk-free rates leading to a favorable change in the MRBs associated with indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities; increases in the equity market related projections resulted in a decrease in the net amount at risk associated with indexed annuities, leading to a favorable change in the value of the associated MRBs; and an increase in the rider benefit utilization assumption, leading to an unfavorable change in the value of the associated MRBs.

In addition, the cash flow assumptions used to calculate MRBs reflect the Company’s best estimates for policyholder behavior. We review cash flow assumptions annually, generally in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of all significant assumptions and revised several assumptions relating to our deferred annuities (indexed annuities and fixed rate annuities) with MRBs. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we updated assumptions including surrender rates, rider benefit election utilization, mortality improvement, and option budgets. All updates to these assumptions brought us more in line with our Company and overall industry experience since the prior assumption updates. These updates, in total, led to an increase in the net MRB liability for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Note P — Contractholder Funds

The following tables summarize balances of and changes in contractholder funds’ account balances:

(a) Contracts included in the contractholder funds are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.

(b) FABN and FHLB are considered funding agreements that are investment contracts, which follow the interest method of accounting, and therefore are not subject to ASU 2018-12 disclosure requirements. However, the Company has elected to present the liability for these agreements within the disaggregated roll forward as we believe it will provide meaningful information for users of the financials.

(c) The reconciling items reconcile the account balance to the gross GAAP liability. For indexed annuities and universal life, the reconciling items represent embedded derivatives and include the combination of the host contracts and the fair value of the embedded derivatives. For FABN, the reconciling items represent basis adjustments due to the impact of fair value hedge accounting.

(d) For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

(e) These amounts are gross of reinsurance.

(a) Contracts included in the contractholder funds are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.

(b) FABN and FHLB are considered funding agreements that are investment contracts, which follow the interest method of accounting, and therefore are not subject to ASU 2018-12 disclosure requirements. However, the Company has elected to present the liability for these agreements within the disaggregated roll forward as we believe it will provide meaningful information for users of the financials.

(c) The embedded derivative adjustment reconciles the account balance to the gross GAAP liability and represents the combination of the host contract and the fair value of the embedded derivatives.

(d) For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

(e) These amounts are gross of reinsurance.

The following table reconciles contractholder funds’ account balances to the contractholder funds liability in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

Annually, typically in the third quarter, we review assumptions associated with reserves for policy benefits and product guarantees. For thesix months ended June 30, 2025, based on experience, we reflected updates to the option budget assumption used to calculate the fair value of the embedded derivative component within Contractholder funds. These changes resulted in a decrease in Contractholder funds of approximately $26 million for thesix months ended June 30, 2025.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, based on policyholder behavior, experience and interest rate movements, we reflected updates to surrender assumptions for recent and expected near term policyholder behavior, as well as updated certain indexed annuities assumptions used to calculate the fair value of the embedded derivative component within Contractholder funds. These changes resulted in a decrease in Contractholder funds of approximately $89 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The following tables present the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums:

Note Q —Future Policy Benefits

The following table summarizes balances and changes in the present value of expected net premiums and the present value of the expected FPB for nonparticipating traditional contracts:

The following tables summarize balances and changes in the present value of the expected FPB for limited-payment contracts:

The following tables summarize balances and changes in the liability for Deferred Profit Liability ("DPL") for limited-payment contracts:

The following table reconciles the net FPB to the FPB in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The DPL for Immediate Annuities and PRT is presented together with the FPB in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and has been included as a reconciling item in the table below:

The following table provides the amount of undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefits and expenses for nonparticipating traditional and limited-payment contracts:

The following table summarizes the amount of revenue and interest related to nonparticipating traditional and limited-payment contracts recognized in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings:

(a) Included in Life insurance premiums and other fees on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

(b) Included in Benefits and other changes in policy reserves on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The following table presents the weighted-average interest rate:

The following tables summarize the actual experience and expected experience for mortality and lapses of the FPB:

The following table provides additional information for periods in which a cohort has a net premium ratio ("NPR") greater than 100% (and therefore capped at 100%) (dollars in millions):

F&G made changes to assumptions during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024. Significant assumption inputs used in the calculation of our FPB are described below. Refer to the tables above for further details on changes to our FPB.

Traditional life

The traditional life line of business primarily consists of policies that were sold prior to 2010. As this line of business continues to age, benefit payments made from these contracts will be the primary driver of the emergence of reserves, decreasing the reserve balance.

Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the FPB for traditional life include mortality, lapses (including lapses due to nonpayment of premium and surrenders for cash surrender value), and discount rates (both accretion and current). We review the cash flow assumptions annually, typically in the third quarter. In 2025, no updates have been made to any significant assumptions used in the FPB liability. In 2024, F&G made an adjustment to the calculation to reflect additional actuarial precision, unrelated to the assumptions, driving an increase to the FPB liability.

Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2025 from that utilized in 2024 resulting in decreased discount rates that drove an increase to the FPB. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2024 from that utilized in 2023 resulting in increased discount rates that drove a decrease to the FPB.

Immediate annuities (life contingent)

Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the FPB for immediate annuities (life contingent) include mortality and discount rates (both accretion and current). We review the cash flow assumptions annually, typically in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of the significant cash flow assumptions and did not make any changes to mortality. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2025 from that utilized in 2024 resulting in decreased discount rates that drove an increase to the FPB. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2024 from that utilized in 2023 resulting in increased discount rates that drove a decrease to the FPB.

PRT (life contingent)

The PRT line of business has issued a significant volume of contracts for 2025 and 2024, which is the primary impact in increasing the reserve balance in each of those periods.

Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the FPB for PRT (life contingent) include mortality and discount rates (both accretion and current). Additionally, for PRT contracts with deferred payment streams, retirement age and elected payment form are significant assumptions. We review the cash flow assumptions annually, typically in the third quarter. In 2024, F&G undertook a review of the significant cash flow assumptions and did not make any changes to any significant assumptions. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2025 from that utilized in 2024 resulting in decreased discount rates that drove an increase to the FPB. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated in 2024 from that utilized in 2023 resulting in increased discount rates that drove a decrease to the FPB.

Premium deficiency testing

F&G conducts annual premium deficiency testing for its long-duration contracts except for the FPB for nonparticipating traditional and limited-payment contracts. F&G also conducts annual premium deficiency testing for the VOBA of all long-duration contracts. Premium deficiency testing is performed by reviewing assumptions used to calculate the insurance liabilities and determining whether the sum of the existing contract liabilities and the present value of future gross premiums is sufficient to cover the present value of future benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders and settlement costs and recover unamortized present value of future profits. Anticipated investment income, based on F&G’s experience, is considered when performing premium deficiency testing for long-duration contracts. During 2024, F&G did not pass premium deficiency testing for the traditional life block of business, related to the recoverability of VOBA. Due to that result, F&G began accruing a liability in the fourth quarter of 2024 that increases the amortization of traditional life VOBA. The liability balance was immaterial at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.