BOISE CASCADE Co

The following tables set forth our operating results in dollars and as a percentage of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

Sales Volumes and Prices

Set forth below are historical U.S. housing starts data, sales mix and gross margin information for our BMD segment, and segment sales volumes and average net selling prices for the principal products sold by our Wood Products segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

(a) Actual U.S. housing starts as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau.

(b) We define gross margin as "Sales" less "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)." Substantially all costs included in "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)" for our BMD segment are for inventory purchased for resale. Gross margin percentage is gross margin as a percentage of segment sales.

Sales

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, total sales decreased $37.9 million, or 2%, to $1,498.6 million from $1,536.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. As described below, the decrease in sales was driven by the changes in sales prices and volumes for the products we distribute and manufacture with single-family residential construction activity being the key demand driver for our sales. In first quarter 2026, total U.S. housing starts increased 1% while single-family housing starts decreased 5%, compared with the same period in 2025. Average composite panel and average composite lumber prices for the three months ended March 31, 2026 were 15% and 5% lower, respectively, than in the same period in the prior year, as reflected by Random Lengths composite panel and composite lumber pricing.

Building Materials Distribution. Sales decreased $18.2 million, or 1%, to $1,388.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $1,407.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Compared with the same quarter in the prior year, the overall decrease in sales was driven by net sales price decreases of 3%, offset partially by net sales volume increases of 2%. By product line, general line product sales increased 4%, or $25.4 million; commodity sales decreased 5%, or $24.1 million; and EWP sales (substantially all of which are sourced through our Wood Products segment) decreased 7%, or $19.5 million.

Wood Products. Sales, including sales to our BMD segment, decreased $17.6 million, or 4%, to $398.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $415.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease in sales was driven by lower sales prices of 7% for both LVL and I-joists (collectively referred to as EWP), resulting in decreased sales of $8.5 million and $6.9 million, respectively. Additionally, sales volumes for I-joists and LVL decreased by 5% and 1%, respectively, resulting in decreased sales of $5.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively. These decreases were offset partially by higher plywood sales volumes and sales prices of 3% and 1%, respectively, resulting in increased sales of $4.5 million.

Costs and Expenses

Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) decreased $21.1 million, or 2%, to $1,255.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared with $1,276.2 million during the same period in the prior year. In BMD, the decrease in materials, labor, and other operating expenses was driven by lower purchased materials costs as a result of lower prices, offset partially by increased sales volumes, compared with first quarter 2025. However, materials, labor, and other operating expenses as a percentage of sales (MLO rate) in our BMD segment increased 30 basis points, driven by lower margin percentages on general line and EWP products. In our Wood Products segment, materials, labor, and other operating expenses decreased due to reduced purchases of external veneer for our Alexandria EWP mill, as operations resumed at our Oakdale veneer and plywood mill following planned downtime to complete significant mill modernization projects in 2025. Additionally, lower per-unit costs of OSB (used in the manufacture of I-joists), lower other manufacturing costs, and decreased EWP sales volumes contributed to the decrease in MLO. These decreases were offset partially by higher labor costs compared with first quarter 2025. However, the MLO rate in our Wood Products segment increased by 150 basis points, primarily as the result of lower EWP sales prices and volumes, which resulted in decreased leveraging of costs.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.9 million, or 5%, to $39.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared with $37.1 million during the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to acquisition and organic growth in our BMD segment and the recent investments at our Oakdale veneer and plywood mill.

Selling and distribution expenses increased $6.8 million, or 5%, to $150.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared with $143.6 million during the same period in the prior year. The increase was due to higher employee-related expenses of $4.9 million, as well as higher shipping and handling costs of $2.3 million.

General and administrative expenses increased $1.3 million, or 5%, to $26.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared with $25.0 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase was due primarily to higher employee-related expenses.

Income From Operations

Income from operations decreased $26.7 million to $27.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared with $54.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Building Materials Distribution. Segment income decreased $15.5 million to $32.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $48.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease in segment income was driven by increased selling and distribution expenses of $8.2 million, as well as a $6.5 million gross margin decrease, resulting from lower gross margins on all product lines, particularly EWP.

Wood Products. Segment income decreased $9.2 million to $8.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $17.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease in segment income was primarily due to lower EWP sales prices, as well as higher per-unit EWP conversion costs. These decreases in segment income were offset partially by lower per-unit OSB costs, as well as higher plywood sales volumes and sales prices. Additionally, operations resumed at our Oakdale veneer and plywood mill following planned downtime in 2025 to complete significant mill modernization projects, which provided a favorable impact on per-unit conversion costs.

Corporate. Unallocated corporate expenses increased $2.0 million to $13.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $11.6 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to the absorption of approximately $1.8 million of estimated insurance losses related to a fire at our Florien plywood facility in first quarter 2026, in accordance with our self-insured risk retention program.

Other

Interest Income. Interest income decreased $2.6 million to $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $5.5 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease was due primarily to lower average balances of cash equivalents, as well as lower interest rates.

Income Tax Provision

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we recorded $6.6 million and $13.8 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective tax rate of 27.0% and 25.5%, respectively. For both periods, the primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes.