BOISE CASCADE Co

3. Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded $9.1 million and $41.5 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 29.5% and 25.1%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $29.8 million and $101.1 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 24.7% and 24.8%, respectively. For all periods, the primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes. In addition, our effective tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2025 was adversely impacted by the effect of permanent tax differences on decreased pre-tax book income for 2025.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, cash paid for taxes, net of refunds received, were $36.4 million and $90.0 million, respectively.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was enacted into law in the United States. The OBBBA includes numerous provisions that affect corporate taxation, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, changes to bonus depreciation, and modifications to the international tax framework. The OBBBA will not have a material impact on our effective tax rate or total provision for income taxes.