ImmunityBio, Inc.

Prior to the approval of ANKTIVA for commercial sale, we primarily generated revenues from non-exclusive license agreements related to our cell lines, the sale of our bioreactors and related consumables, and grant programs. The company expects to continue to generate revenue from these programs.

Until April 2024, we had no clinical products approved for commercial sale and thus had not generated any revenue from therapeutic and vaccine product candidates that are or were under development. Now that we have received FDA approval for ANKTIVA, we have begun to generate revenue, although we expect it to take some time to generate sufficient revenue from our approved product to offset our expenses, and we can provide no assurance when, or if, this will occur. We began commercial distribution of our approved product in May 2024 and our permanent J-code became effective in January 2025; however, we can provide no assurance with respect to our future revenues, market acceptance, reimbursement from third-party payors, or the profitability of our approved product or any other product candidate for which we may obtain approval. We do not expect additional revenue from our other product candidates unless and until we obtain regulatory approval of and commercialize any of our other product candidates, and we do not know when, or if, this will occur. In addition, we expect our operating expenses to significantly increase in connection with our ongoing development activities, particularly as we continue the research, development and clinical trials of, and seek regulatory approval for, our other product candidates. We have also incurred and expect that we will continue to incur in the future additional costs associated with operating as a public company as well as costs related to future fundraising efforts. In addition, subject to obtaining regulatory approval of our other product candidates, we expect to incur significant incremental commercialization expenses for product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution.

We anticipate that we will need substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations.

We expect that our operating expenses will increase substantially if and as we:

•commercialize our approved product;

•continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our other existing product candidates;

•seek regulatory approval of our approved product in incremental markets and indications and potentially seek regulatory approval for our other product candidates;

•seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;

•establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our other product candidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;

•seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;

•maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;

•hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates’ development and future commercialization efforts;

•add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and

•incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.

As a result of continuing anticipated operating cash outflows as we commercialize our approved product and accelerate our development efforts, we believe that substantial doubt exists regarding our ability to continue as a going concern without additional funding or financial support. However, we believe our existing cash and cash equivalents, and investments in marketable securities; sales of our approved product; capital to be raised through equity offerings, including but not limited to, the offering, issuance and sale by us of our common stock under our shelf registration statement; and our potential ability to borrow from affiliated entities will be sufficient to fund our operations through at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of the condensed consolidated financial statements based primarily upon our Founder, Executive Chairman and Global Chief Scientific and Medical Officer’s intent and ability to support our operations with additional funds, including loans from affiliated entities, as required, which we believe alleviates such doubt. In addition to funds from the future sales of our approved product, which we expect to take time to establish, we may also seek to sell additional equity, through one or more follow-on public offerings, or in separate financings, or obtain a credit facility, issue other debt in compliance with the terms of the RIPA, or engage in strategic partnership transactions. However, we may not be able to secure such external financing in a timely manner or on favorable terms, if at all. Without additional funds, we may choose to delay or reduce our operating or investment expenditures. Further, because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, we may need additional funds to meet our needs sooner than planned.

We will need to obtain additional financing to fund our future operations, including completing the commercialization of our approved product and the development and commercialization of our other product candidates. Changing circumstances may cause us to increase our spending significantly faster than we currently anticipate and we may need to raise additional funds sooner than we presently anticipate. Moreover, research and development and our operating costs and fixed expenses such as rent and other contractual commitments, including those for our research collaborations, are substantial and are expected to increase in the future.

Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

•our ability to successfully commercialize ANKTIVA or any future approved products in the U.S. or internationally;

•progress, timing, number, scope and costs of researching and developing our product candidates and our ongoing, planned and potential clinical trials;

•time and cost of regulatory approvals;

•our ability to successfully commercialize any of our other product candidates, if approved and the costs of such commercialization activities;

•revenue from product candidates that we may commercialize, if any, including the selling prices for such potential products and the availability of adequate third-party coverage and reimbursement for patients;

•interest and principal payments on our related-party promissory note, and repayment of Revenue Interests and Test Date payments due under the RIPA;

•cost of building, staffing and validating our own manufacturing facilities in the U.S., including having a product candidate successfully manufactured consistent with FDA and EMA regulations;

•terms, timing and costs of our current and any potential future collaborations, business or product acquisitions, CVRs, milestones, royalties, licensing or other arrangements that we have established or may establish;

•time and cost necessary to respond to technological, regulatory, political and market developments; and

•costs of filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights.

Unless and until we can generate a sufficient amount of revenues, we may finance future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, license agreements, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and marketing or distribution arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms, or at all.

To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or equity-linked securities (including warrants), convertible debt, our shelf registration statements, or other offerings, or if any of our current debt is converted into equity or if our existing warrants are exercised, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a stockholder. The incurrence of additional indebtedness would result in increased fixed payment obligations and could involve certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. If we raise additional funds through strategic partnerships and alliances and licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms unfavorable to us and our revenue interest liability may come due. We have no committed source of additional capital and if we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we may be required to delay or reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research or development programs or our commercialization efforts. Our current license and collaboration agreements may also be terminated if we are unable to meet the payment obligations under those agreements. As a result, we may seek to access the public or private capital markets whenever conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time.

Contractual Obligations

We have material cash requirements to pay related-party affiliates and third parties under various contractual obligations discussed below:

•We are obligated to make payments to several related-party affiliates under written agreements and other informal arrangements. We are also obligated to pay interest and to repay principal under our related-party promissory notes. See Note 14 “Related-Party Debt” of the “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” that appears in Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report for information regarding our financing obligations.

•We are obligated to make payments to Oberland associated with our revenue interest liability, which do not have a fixed repayment schedule. Oberland’s right to receive payments under the RIPA shall terminate when Oberland has received maximum payments (including any True-Up Payment) equal to 195.0% of the then Cumulative Purchaser Payments unless the RIPA is terminated prior to such date.

Under the terms of the agreement, prior to the Test Date, every $100.0 million of worldwide net sales, excluding those in China, of less than or equal to $600.0 million in a calendar year will result in a tiered Revenue Interest Payment of approximately $10.0 million or 10.0% (after funding of the Second Payment). Worldwide net sales, excluding those in China, for a calendar year exceeding $600.0 million will result in a tiered Revenue Interest Payment of approximately $4.5 million or 4.5% (after funding of the Second Payment) for every $100.0 million of worldwide net sales, excluding those in China, above the threshold.

In the future, cumulative worldwide net sales, excluding those in China, levels up to the Test Date will determine whether or not we are required to make a True-Up Payment and implement modified payment rates. The amount of the obligation and timing of payment is likely to change. See Note 13 “Revenue Interest Purchase Agreement” of the “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” that appears in Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report for more information regarding the RIPA.

•We are obligated to make payments under our operating leases, which primarily consist of facility leases. See Note 12 “Lease Arrangements” and Note 15 “Related-Party Agreements” of the “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” that appear in Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report for information regarding our lease obligations.

•In connection with the acquisitions of Altor and VivaBioCell, we are obligated to pay contingent consideration upon the achievement of certain milestones. See Note 11 “Commitments and Contingencies—Contingent Consideration Related to Business Combinations” of the “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” that appears in Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report for information regarding our contingent consideration obligations.

•We have contractual obligations to make payments to related-party affiliates and third parties under unconditional purchase arrangements. See Note 9 “Commitments and Contingencies—Unconditional Purchase Obligations” of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” that appears in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of our Annual Report filed with the SEC on March 3, 2025 for information on these unconditional purchase obligations.

•We have certain unconditional contractual commitments that are expected to be paid depending on the actual progress of build outs, completion of services, or in accordance with the terms of the respective third-party agreements as the payments become due. These are primarily related to capital expenditures and open purchase orders as of September 30, 2025 for the acquisition of goods and services in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2025, the amounts of the contractual commitments that are expected to be paid are $43.1 million within one year and $8.6 million for fiscal year 2026 and beyond.

•In addition, we have conditional contractual commitments that are expected to be paid in fiscal year 2026 and beyond based on the achievement of various development, regulatory and commercial milestones for agreements with third parties. These payments may not be realized or may be modified and are contingent upon the occurrence of various future events, substantially all of which have a high degree of uncertainty of occurring. As of September 30, 2025, the maximum amount that may be payable related to these commitments is $88.2 million.

•In connection with our leasehold interest in the Dunkirk Facility, we committed to spend an aggregate of $1.52 billion on operational expenses during the initial 10-year term, and an additional $1.50 billion on operational expenses if we elect to renew the lease for the additional 10-year term. These amounts are not included in the discussion above. See Note 10 “Collaboration and License Agreements and Acquisition—Acquisition” of the “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” that appears in Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report for more information on these obligations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Those estimates can be complex and actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Estimates are assessed each period and updated to reflect current information.

See Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” that appears in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of our Annual Report filed with the SEC on March 3, 2025 for information on our significant accounting policies.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” that appears in Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements that are of significance, or potential significance, to us.

Subsequent Event

Increase in Shares of Common Stock Authorized for Issuance

On October 20, 2025, ImmunityBio, Inc. filed a DEF 14C with the SEC to inform its stockholders of an action taken by its Board of Directors and by the written consent of stockholders representing a majority of the voting power of its common stock to amend its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 1.350 billion shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, to 1.650 billion shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share. The number of shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, that the company is authorized to issue remains unchanged at 20.0 million shares. We expect the amendment to take effect in November 2025.