ASSURED GUARANTY LTD

The Company continually evaluates its business strategies and is currently pursuing key business strategies in four areas: (i) growth of its insurance and asset management businesses; (ii) loss mitigation; (iii) enhancement of investment returns through alternative investments; and (iv) capital management.

Insurance and Asset Management Growth

The Company seeks to grow its core financial guaranty insurance business through new business production in established sectors and jurisdictions and by entering into new markets, lines and classes of business. In addition, the Company seeks to leverage its core credit competencies by expanding its business into additional revenue streams, such as annuity reinsurance and asset management, with the objective of diversifying its revenue streams and growing its net income.

Financial Guaranty Insurance Portfolio

The Company seeks to grow its financial guaranty insurance portfolio through new business production in each of its markets: public finance (including infrastructure) and structured finance. From time to time, the Company also considers acquiring portfolios of insurance from financial guarantors that are no longer writing new business by acquiring such companies, providing reinsurance or novating a portfolio of insurance; in such instances, the Company evaluates the risk characteristics of the target portfolio, which may include some below-investment-grade (BIG) exposures, as a whole in the context of the proposed transaction.

The Company believes high-profile defaults by municipal obligors, such as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico), Detroit, Michigan and Stockton, California as well as events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased awareness of the value of bond insurance and stimulated demand for the product. The Company believes that demand for its insurance in this market will continue because, for those exposures that the Company guarantees, it undertakes the tasks of credit selection, analysis, negotiation of terms, surveillance and, if necessary, loss mitigation. The Company believes that its insurance: (i) encourages retail investors, who typically have fewer resources than the Company for analyzing municipal bonds, to purchase such bonds; (ii) enables institutional investors to operate more efficiently; and (iii) allows smaller, less well-known issuers to gain market access on a more cost-effective basis.

The low interest rate environment and tight U.S. municipal credit spreads from when the financial crisis began in 2008 through early 2020 dampened demand for bond insurance compared with the levels before the financial crisis. After the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, credit spreads initially widened as a result of market concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on some municipal credits, thereby improving demand for financial guaranty insurance even in a low interest rate environment, before narrowing again in 2022. The Company believes that, over time, wider credit spreads may improve demand for bond insurance.

In certain segments of the non-U.S. infrastructure and global structured finance markets, the Company believes its financial guaranty product is competitive with other financing options. In the infrastructure market, the Company’s financial guaranty can enhance the insured obligation’s rating, lower the cost of long-term funding and enhance the liquidity and transferability of debt obligations. Certain investors may receive advantageous capital requirement treatment with the addition of the Company’s financial guaranty. The Company considers its involvement in both infrastructure and structured finance transactions to be beneficial because such transactions diversify both the Company’s business opportunities and its risk profile beyond U.S. public finance. The timing of new business production in the infrastructure and structured finance sectors is influenced by typically long lead times and therefore production may vary from period to period.

U.S. Municipal Market Data and Bond Insurance Penetration Rates (1)

Based on Sale Date

(1) Source: The amounts in the table are those reported by London Stock Exchange Group. The table excludes private placements and Corporate-CUSIP transactions insured by Assured Guaranty, certain of which the Company also considers to be public finance business.

(2) Six-month period ended June 30, 2026 (six months 2026) and six-month period ended June 30, 2025 (six months 2025).

The Company seeks to expand its financial guaranty business geographically by entering new markets; in 2024, the Company opened new offices in Australia and Singapore. The Company has recently undertaken, and continues to undertake, several initiatives to broaden its insurance lines and classes of business, and improve the efficiency of its secondary market execution. For example, the Company has enhanced its structured finance new business production by developing fund finance into a flow business line. In addition, the Company is pursuing nonpayment insurance business strategies through internal and/or external growth opportunities.

On January 21, 2026, the Company purchased all of the outstanding share capital in Warwick Company (UK) Limited (Warwick), which is the 100% indirect owner of Assured Life Re, formerly known as Warwick Re Limited, for a purchase price of $158 million, subject to certain post-closing adjustments (Assured Life Re Acquisition). Assured Life Re is a Class E long-term (life) reinsurance company incorporated and registered in Bermuda. Assured Life Re focuses on annuity reinsurance including U.K. PRT and U.S. multi-year guaranteed annuity (MYGA) transactions. The Company believes that the acquisition of the Assured Life Re platform will provide it with annuity business opportunities that complement its financial guaranty and asset management businesses, are consistent with its risk profile and benefit from its core competencies, including credit analysis and underwriting. The Assured Life Re Acquisition represents the Company’s first platform dedicated solely to the annuity reinsurance business.

The Company continues to investigate additional opportunities in the annuity reinsurance business and in other businesses in line with its risk profile and that would benefit from its core competencies.

Asset Management

The Company participates in the asset management business through its ownership interest in Sound Point, and does not directly manage investments for third parties. The Company’s ownership interest in Sound Point furthers its growth strategy of participating in a diversifying fee-based earnings stream independent of the risk-based premiums generated by its financial guaranty business.

Loss Mitigation

In an effort to avoid, reduce or recover losses and potential losses in its financial guaranty insurance portfolio, the Company employs a number of strategies.

In the public finance area, the Company believes its experience and the resources it is prepared to deploy, as well as its ability to provide bond insurance or other solutions, result in more favorable outcomes in distressed public finance situations than would be the case without its participation. This has been illustrated, for example, by the Company’s role in negotiating various agreements in connection with the restructuring of obligations of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations, as well as Detroit, Michigan and Stockton, California. For public finance credits, the Company’s surveillance function monitors and proactively engages with the distressed credits to offer assistance aimed to improve operations and financial performance, including access to external consultants and other industry experts.

The Company also, from time to time and where appropriate, participates in litigation to enforce or defend its rights in its financial guaranty business. For example, the Company initiated a number of legal actions to enforce its rights with respect to obligations of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations. In addition, the Company successfully defended claims brought by Lehman Brothers International (Europe) (in administration) (LBIE) and prevailed in its counterclaim against LBIE; following the exhaustion of LBIE’s appeals, the Company recognized a realized gain on credit derivatives in the first quarter of 2025 of $103 million, which represents the full satisfaction of the judgment it was awarded and its claims for attorneys’ fees, expenses and interest in connection with this litigation.

The Company may also purchase attractively priced obligations, including BIG obligations, that it has insured and for which it had expected losses to be paid, in order to mitigate the economic effect of insured losses (Loss Mitigation Securities). The fair value of Loss Mitigation Securities as of June 30, 2026 (excluding the value of the Company’s insurance) was $151 million.

The Company is, and for over a decade has been, working with the servicers of some of the U.S. RMBS transactions it insures to encourage the servicers to provide alternatives to distressed borrowers that will encourage them to continue making payments on their loans to help improve the performance of the related RMBS.

In some instances, the terms of the Company’s financial guaranty policies or the terms of certain workout orders and resolutions give it the option to pay principal on an accelerated basis on an obligation on which it has paid a claim, thereby reducing the amount of guaranteed interest due in the future. The Company has at times exercised this option, which uses cash but reduces projected future losses. The Company may also facilitate the issuance of refunding bonds, by either providing insurance on the refunding bonds or purchasing refunding bonds, or both. Refunding bonds may provide the issuer with payment relief.

Enhancement of Investment Returns Through Alternative Investments

The Company seeks to maintain an investment portfolio that supports the requirements of its insurance subsidiaries, strategic initiatives and liquidity needs, while maximizing the income it earns from such investments. In support of that goal, the Company aims to diversify the types of investments in its portfolio. Simultaneously with the Company’s acquisition of an ownership interest in Sound Point, AG engaged Sound Point as its sole alternative credit manager and transferred to Sound Point the management of certain existing alternative investments and related commitments. The Company expects to enhance its alternative investment opportunities and the return on its investments by investing $1 billion with Sound Point across multiple strategies, and establishing a long-term investment partnership with Sound Point pursuant to which AG has agreed to reinvest all returns of capital from Sound Point investments until July 1, 2038 and to reinvest all gains and dividends from Sound Point investments until July 1, 2025, and fifty percent of such gains and dividends thereafter until July 1, 2033. See Item 1. Financial Statements, Note 9. Investments, for a description of the alternative investments agreement with Sound Point.

Capital Management

The Company’s capital management strategy is designed to efficiently allocate and utilize capital across the Assured Guaranty group in order to enhance outcomes for rating agency assessments, regulatory compliance and the Company’s own strategic initiatives and risk management requirements. The Company believes this disciplined approach to capital management supports the long-term stability and strength of Assured Guaranty, enabling it to advance its financial guaranty, annuity reinsurance and asset management businesses, and other corporate strategies. Assured Guaranty seeks to enhance financial flexibility and resiliency by proactively managing its capital and aligning resources with its business objectives and stakeholder interests.

Since the launch of its share repurchase program in 2013, the Company has returned $6.0 billion of capital to its shareholders by repurchasing 81% of its common shares outstanding at the beginning of the program.

Summary of Share Repurchases

(1) Excludes commissions.

As of August 5, 2026, the Company was authorized to repurchase an additional $121 million of its common shares.

As part of its overall capital management strategy, the Company evaluates on a quarterly basis planned uses of available capital, which may include growth opportunities in its financial guaranty insurance and annuity reinsurance businesses, maintaining a capital cushion to support its existing business and share repurchases.

The timing, form and amount of any future share repurchases will be determined at the Company’s discretion and will depend on various factors, including alternative uses for capital, the Company’s regulatory capital position, rating agency capital considerations, availability of cash at the parent company, market conditions and legal and regulatory requirements. Any such share repurchases may be made from time to time through open‑market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, and there can be no assurance of the amount of share repurchases that will occur in the future.

As of June 30, 2026, the estimated accretive effect of the cumulative repurchases of common shares since the beginning of 2013 was approximately: $69.85 per share in shareholders’ equity attributable to AGL, $72.75 per share in adjusted operating shareholders’ equity and $119.45 per share in adjusted book value (ABV).

The Company considers the appropriate mix of debt and equity in its capital structure. The Company may in the future choose to issue new debt or redeem or purchase its existing debt. See “— Liquidity and Capital Resources — AGL and its U.S. Holding Companies.”