ASSURANT INC

8. Investments

The following tables show the cost or amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities as of the dates indicated:

The cost or amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities as of December 31, 2023 by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers of the securities may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The following table shows the major categories of net investment income for the periods indicated:

No material investments of the Company were non-income producing for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The following table summarizes the proceeds from sales of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities and the gross realized gains and gross realized losses that have been recognized in the statement of operations as a result of those sales for the periods indicated:

For securities sold at a loss during the year ended December 31, 2023, the average period of time these securities were trading continuously at a price below book value was approximately 12 months.

The following table sets forth the net realized gains (losses) on investments and fair value changes to equity securities, including impairments, recognized in the statement of operations for the periods indicated:

(1)Upward adjustments of $0.6 million, $19.5 million and $24.3 million and impairments of $12.9 million, $3.0 million, and $1.0 million were realized on equity investments accounted for under the measurement alternative for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2)The years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 included $6.6 million, $92.5 million in realized and unrealized losses and $85.4 million of unrealized gains, respectively, from four equity positions that went public during 2021. The total fair value of these equity securities as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $2.9 million, $9.6 million and $133.7 million, respectively, included in equity securities in the consolidated balance sheet.

(3)The year ended December 31, 2021 reflects the elimination of $1.2 million allowance for credit losses due to the sale of the specific securities for which the reserve was established in 2020.

The following table sets forth the portion of fair value changes to equity securities held for the periods indicated:

Equity investments accounted for under the measurement alternative are included within other investments on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table summarizes information related to these investments:

The investment category and duration of the Company’s gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

Total gross unrealized losses represented approximately 11% and 12% of the aggregate fair value of the related securities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Approximately 8% and 60% of these gross unrealized losses had been in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total gross unrealized losses are comprised of 3,096 and 3,826 individual securities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In accordance with its policy, the Company concluded that for these securities, the gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were related to non-credit factors and therefore, did not recognize credit-related losses during the year ended December 31, 2023. Additionally, the Company currently does not intend to and is not required to sell these investments prior to an anticipated recovery in value.

The cost or amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, is shown below:

The Company has entered into commercial mortgage loans, collateralized by the underlying real estate, on properties located throughout the U.S. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 36% of the outstanding principal balance of commercial mortgage loans was concentrated in the states of California, Texas and Maryland. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, an economic downturn could have an adverse impact on the ability of its debtors to repay their loans. The outstanding balance of commercial mortgage loans range in size from less than $0.1 million to $10.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and from $0.1 million to $9.7 million as of December 31, 2022.

Credit quality indicators for commercial mortgage loans are loan-to-value and debt-service coverage ratios. The loan-to-value ratio compares the principal amount of the loan to the fair value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan, and is commonly expressed as a percentage. The debt-service coverage ratio compares a property’s net operating income to its debt-service payments and is commonly expressed as a ratio. The loan-to-value and debt-service coverage ratios are generally updated annually in the fourth quarter.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial mortgage loans, excluding allowance for credit losses, by origination year for certain key credit quality indicators at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(1)LTV ratio derived from current loan balance divided by the fair value of the property. The fair value of the underlying commercial properties is updated at least annually.

(2)DSC ratio calculated using most recent reported operating income results from property operators divided by annual debt service coverage.

(1)LTV ratio derived from current loan balance divided by the fair value of the property. The fair value of the underlying commercial properties is updated at least annually.

(2)DSC ratio calculated using most recent reported operating income results from property operators divided by annual debt service coverage.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had mortgage loan commitments outstanding of approximately $1.4 million.

The Company had short-term investments and fixed maturity securities of $569.0 million and $506.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, on deposit with various governmental authorities as required by law.