Skip to main content
See the whole filing, with its images and exhibits
Contents

Cover page

Show cover page

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31,2025

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report _________________________

For the transition period from __________________ to_____________________________

Commission file number 001-41872

DDC Enterprise Limited

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

368 9th Ave., 6th Floor, New York, New York 10001, USA

(Address of principal executive offices)

Norma Chu, phone 852 2803 0688, 368 9th Ave., 6th Floor, New York, New York 10001, USA

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Ordinary Shares, par value $0.4 per shareDDCNYSE American

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

(Title of Class)

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:23,281,620 Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.4 per share (a reverse split of 1 for 25 effective on April 21,2025) and 1,750,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.016 per share, as of December 31, 2025.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

☐ Yes ☒No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

☒Yes ☐ No

Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☐ Yes ☒No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐Accelerated filer ☐Non-accelerated filer ☒
Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive- based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ☒International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐Other ☐

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

☐ Yes☒ No

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

☐ Yes ☐ No

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.1
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS1
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE1
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION1
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY64
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS86
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS86
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES104
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS114
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION117
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING117
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION117
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK130
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES130
PART II.132
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES132
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS132
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES132
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]133
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT133
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS134
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES134
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES134
ITEM 16E. PURCHASER OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS134
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT134
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE136
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE136
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS136
ITEM 16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES137
ITEM 16K. CYBERSECURITY137
PART III.138
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS138
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS138
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS138

i

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the words “may,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “objective,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue” and “ongoing,” or the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology intended to identify statements about the future. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements and opinions contained in this annual report are based upon information available to us as of the date of this annual report and, while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. Forward-looking statements include statements about:

●timing of the development of future business;
●capabilities of our business operations;
●expected future economic performance;
●competition in our market;
●continued market acceptance of our services and products;
●protection of our intellectual property rights;
●changes in the laws that affect our operations;
●inflation and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
●our ability to obtain and maintain all necessary government certifications, approvals, and/or licenses to conduct our business;
●continued development of a public trading market for our securities;
●the cost of complying with current and future governmental regulations and the impact of any changes in the regulations on our operations;
●managing our growth effectively;
●projections of revenue, earnings, capital structure and other financial items;
●fluctuations in operating results;
●dependence on our senior management and key employees; and
●other factors set forth under “Risk Factors.”

You should refer to the section titled “Risk Factors” for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this annual report will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

You should read this annual report and the documents that we reference in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this annual report forms a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

ii

ContentsView on SEC.gov

The text of this filing, as the company filed it with the SEC, without its images or exhibits. This is not investment advice.