GD Culture Group Ltd

GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Nature of Business and Organization

GD Culture Group Limited (“GDC” or the “Company”), formerly known as Code Chain New Continent Limited, is a Nevada corporation and a holding company. The Company currently conducts its operations through the Company and its subsidiary, AI Catalysis Corp. (“AI Catalysis”). Historically, the Company’s business focused on artificial intelligence-driven digital human creation and customization as well as live streaming and e-commerce activities. The Company has recently begun adjusting its strategic direction and has been scaling back certain artificial intelligence-related initiatives while evaluating new opportunities to utilize its existing artificial intelligence and virtual content generation technologies. As part of this strategic transition, the Company is expanding into the interactive reading and narrative entertainment market. The Company’s subsidiaries, Citi Profit Investment Holding Limited (“Citi Profit BVI”), Highlights Culture Holding Co., Limited (“Highlight HK”), Shanghai Highlight Entertainment Co., Ltd. (“Highlight WFOE”) are holding companies with no material operations. The Company’s subsidiary, Shanghai Xianzhui Technology Co., Ltd. (“SH Xianzhui”), previously engaged in marketing-related services but does not currently conduct business operations and has no material operating activities.

SH Xianzhui was incorporated by Highlight WFOE and two other shareholders on August 10, 2023. SH Xianzhui is principally engaged in the provision of social media marketing agency service. Highlight WFOE initially owned 60% of the total equity interest of SH Xianzhui. On October 27, 2023, the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement with Highlight WFOE and Beijing Hehe Property Management Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Hehe”), which was amended on November 10, 2023 (such equity purchase agreement, as amended, the “Agreement” for purpose of this section “Investment in JV”), pursuant to which the Highlight WFOE agreed to purchase 13.3333% of the equity interest in SH Xianzhui from Beijing Hehe and the Company agreed to issue 400,000 shares of common stock of the Company, valued at $2.7820 per share, the average closing bid price of the common stock of GDC as of the five trading days immediately preceding the date of the Agreement, to Beijing Hehe or its assigns. On January 11, 2024, the Company issued the 400,000 shares of its common stock, at the price of $2.5 per share, to Beijing Hehe and the transaction was completed. As of December 31, 2025, the Company owns 73.3333% of the total equity interest of SH Xianzhui.

AI Catalysis is a Nevada corporation, incorporated on May 18, 2023. AI Catalysis is expected to bridge the realms of the internet, media, and artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies. Positioned at the crossroads of traditional and streaming media, AI Catalysis plans to elevate the experience of media with AI-based interactive and smart content, aiming to transform the whole media landscape.

Acquisition of Pallas

On September 8, 2025, the Company (the “Acquirer”), Pallas Capital Holding Ltd, a British Virgin Islands company incorporated on June 30, 2025 (“Pallas” or the “Target”), and the shareholders of the Target (each a “Seller” and collectively, the “Sellers”) executed an agreement and plan of securities exchange (the “Share Exchange Agreement”, and the transactions contemplated thereby, collectively, the “Pallas Transaction”), pursuant to which, the Sellers wish to sell to the Acquirer, and the Acquirer wishes to purchase from the Sellers,100% interest in and to the ordinary shares of the Target (the “Target Shares”). In exchange for the Target Shares, the Acquirer shall issue an aggregate of 39,189,344 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “GDC Shares”) to such Sellers. On September 29, 2025, the Sellers transferred to Acquirer 10,000 shares of Target Shares, being all of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of the Target, and received in exchange certificates representing the 39,189,344 GDC Shares. Thereafter, Pallas became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

Pallas was established for the primary purpose of holding digital assets as a long-term reserve, with the objective of achieving potential appreciation in value. As of December 31, 2025, Pallas held 7,500 units of Bitcoin.

Two shareholders of the Company, who beneficially own 12.86%, in the aggregate, of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, immediately before the execution of the Pallas Transaction, also serve as the directors and share voting and dispositive power over the shares issued by the Target. Accordingly, the Transaction constitutes a related party transaction for the Company pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K.

Referring to Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 805-10-55-5, the Company applied two steps (including step 1, screen test and step 2, evaluation of process and input) in evaluating whether the acquisition was an asset acquisition or a business combination. Pallas had no operations except for holding Bitcoin as a reserve, and substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in its Bitcoin. Therefore, the Company decided that Pallas cannot constitute a business and such Pallas Transaction should be accounted for as an asset acquisition. The purchase consideration is measured based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock issued and the consideration is further allocated to the value of the asset acquired in the transaction. Given the related party nature of the Pallas Transaction and the fact that the acquired digital assets are highly liquid and have observable market prices, which indicated that the fair value of the assets acquired is far higher than the fair value of the common stock issued, management concluded that the such Pallas transaction indicated a capital contribution from the shareholders. Accordingly, the excess of the fair value of the digital assets acquired over the fair value of the common stock issued should be recorded as an increase in additional paid-in capital and the value of the assets acquired, which was concurrently with the determination of the value of the assets acquired under asset acquisition.

Subsidiaries of the Company

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of GDC and each of the following entities:

The Company has recently begun adjusting its strategic direction and has been scaling back certain artificial intelligence-related initiatives while evaluating new opportunities to utilize its existing artificial intelligence and virtual content generation technologies. As part of this strategic transition, the Company is working on the development of a mobile and web platform for interactive fiction—story experiences where readers make choices that branch the plot and lead to multiple endings.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $456,041 in its operating bank accounts and working capital deficit of approximately $0.3 million. From January 2026 to the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued, Mr. Xiaojian Wang, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (“CEO”), made advances of $340,000 to the Company through, these advances are non-interest bearing and due on demand.

On January 23, 2025, Green Oasis Limited, a shareholder holding less than 5% ownership shares in the Company, provided a $100,000 loan to the Company, for working capital purposes, with maturity as of April 23, 2025. On April 25, 2025, Green Oasis Limited and the Company extended the maturity date to July 23, 2025, which was further extended to July 23, 2026 through an amendment agreement.

On March 4, 2025, the Company sold 1,115,600 shares of common stock at $0.896379 per share, generating gross proceeds of $1,000,000. The Company received net proceeds of $910,000 after deducting underwriter’s fees of $70,000 and a $20,000 reimbursement for the underwriter’s legal counsel and due diligence analysis expenses. The Company used the proceeds from the offering for working capital purposes.

On May 2, 2025, the Company completed a securities offering in which it agreed to sell (i)1,115,600 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of approximately $0.524 per share and (ii)9,380,582 pre-funded warrants at a purchase price of approximately $0.523 per warrant. As of December 31, 2025, the Company received gross proceeds of approximately $4.5 million from the subscription of 1,115,600 shares of its common stock and 7,468,536 pre-funded warrants. The offering remains ongoing and has not yet been fully completed. Transaction costs incurred through December 31, 2025 included underwriter’s fees of $314,343 and a $20,000 reimbursement for the underwriter’s legal counsel and due diligence expenses. As of December 31, 2025, The Company used the proceeds from the offering for working capital purposes.

On October 24, 2025, the Company sold 1,333,334 shares of common stock at $2.1 per share, generating gross proceeds of $2.8 million. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $2.5 million after deducting underwriter’s fees of $196,000 and other offering costs of $60,000. The Company used the proceeds from the offering for working capital purposes.

In March 2026, the CEO executed a Letter of Support in which he agreed to provide continuing financial support to the Company for a period of at least 12 months from the issuance date of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.

The Company expects to continue incurring significant operating cash outflows to support its operations. Additional financing may be required to sustain the business. Management will make its best efforts to secure the necessary funding to support the Company’s operations.

The Company evaluated its ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with ASC Subtopic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern, which requires management to assess whether there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. The management assessed its liquidity position and concluded that the Company will have sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations as they become due for at least the next twelve months from the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for information pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of GDC and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include the useful lives of intangible assets and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, collectability of receivables, discount rate used to measure present value of lease liabilities and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The PRC subsidiaries of the Company conduct their businesses in the local currency, Renminbi (RMB), as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate as quoted set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board at the end of the period. The statements of operations accounts are translated at the average translation rates and the equity accounts are translated at historical rates. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.

Translation adjustments included in accumulated other comprehensive income amounted to $213,626 and $213,571 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The consolidated balance sheets amount, with the exception of shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2025 and 2024 were translated at 6.9931 RMB and 7.2993 RMB to $1.00, respectively. The shareholders’ equity accounts were stated at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to consolidated statements of operations accounts for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were 7.1873 RMB and 7.1964 RMB to $1.00, respectively. The consolidated statements of cash flows are also translated at average translation rates for the periods, therefore, amounts reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets.

The PRC government imposes significant exchange restrictions on fund transfers out of the PRC that are not related to business operations. These restrictions have not had a material impact on the Company because it has not engaged in any significant transactions that are subject to the restrictions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any cash equivalents. All cash were unrestricted as to withdrawal and use and were demand deposits placed with commercial banks.

Prepayments

Prepayments are advances paid to outside vendors for services purchases. The Company has legally binding contracts with its vendors. Once the services are received, the amounts are recognized as expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Credit Losses and Write-off Policy

The Company evaluates financial assets, including loan receivable and convertible notes for credit losses in accordance with applicable accounting guidance.

Loan receivable is assessed for credit loss in accordance withASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (“ASC 326”). The Company evaluates expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. If it is determined that all or a portion of the loan receivable is uncollectible, the Company records an allowance for credit losses through provision in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company accounted for credit losses on available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities in accordance withASC 326-30, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. Under ASC 326-30, the Company evaluates AFS debt securities at each reporting date to determine whether a decline in fair value below amortized cost is attributable to credit-related factors or non-credit factors. If a credit-related impairment is identified, the Company records an allowance for credit losses through earnings, limited to the difference between amortized cost and fair value. Non-credit related declines remain in accumulated other comprehensive income. If credit quality improves, previously recognized credit losses are reversed through earnings, up to the amount of prior allowance. The Company assesses credit risk based on issuer financial health, market conditions, and macroeconomic factors.

Financial assets are written off when management determines that such amounts are uncollectible. Write-offs are recorded against the related allowance for credit losses. Write-offs of financial assets that were previously fully reserved do not result in additional credit loss expense in the period of write-off.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded provision of credit loss expenses of $nil and $3,150,000, respectively, in relation to its financial assets. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company wrote off the remaining balances of the loan receivable and convertible notes, which had been previously fully reserved.

Equipment

Equipment was stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method after consideration of the estimated useful lives of the assets and estimated residual value. The estimated useful lives and residual value are as follows:

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations. Expenditure for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred, while additions, renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets represent software copyright that are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Research and development costs associated with internally developed patents are expensed when incurred. Amortization expense is recognized on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The software copyrights have finite useful lives and are amortized using a straight-line method that reflects the estimated pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are to be consumed. The Company amortizes the cost of software copyrights, over their useful life using the straight-line method. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of amortization to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances revised estimates of useful lives. The estimated useful life is as follows:

Lease

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases that transfer substantially all of the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets are accounted for as finance leases as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases. The Company has no significant finance leases.

The Company recognizes lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet for leases. Operating lease right- of-use assets (the “ROU”) are disclosed as non-current assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Current maturities of operating lease liabilities are classified as operating lease liabilities - current, and operating lease liabilities that will be due in more than one year are disclosed as non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of future lease payments at lease commencement. The operating lease right-of-use asset also includes any lease payments made prior to lease commencement and the initial direct costs incurred by the lessee and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. As the interest rates implicit in most of the leases are not readily determinable, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rates based on the information available at lease commencement to determine the present value of the future lease payments. Operating lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The Company’s lease has an initial term of 5.4 years. The Company’s lease agreements did not include non-lease components. Lease expense for fixed lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restricted covenants.

The Company evaluates the carrying value of ROU assets if there are indicators of impairment and reviews the recoverability of the related asset group.

The Company reassesses of a contract is or contains a leasing arrangement and re-measures ROU assets and lease liabilities upon modification of the contract. The Company will derecognize ROU assets and lease liabilities, with differences recognized in the income statement on the contract termination.

The Company evaluated the subleased office spaces in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). Since the Company has not been relieved as the primary obligor of the head lease, the Company cannot net the sublease income against its lease payment to calculate the lease liability and right-of-use (“ROU”) asset. The Company records sub-lease income over the term of the subleases on a straight-line basis. The sublease income amounted to $32,609 and $nil for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which was presented as other income on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Impairment for Long-lived Assets

The Company’s determination of whether or not an indication of impairment exists at the cash generating unit level requires significant management judgment pertaining to intangible assets, including a software copyright of AI Box, which is used for online living-stream and a software copyright of Chat Box, which is used for online interactive entertainment scenarios, as well as the operating right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, including the offices of the Company. Management considers both external and internal sources of information in assessing whether there are any indications that the Company’s intangible assets and ROU assets are impaired. Based on the evaluation, the Company recognized impairment losses in long-lived assets of $852,800 and $2,755,659, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Digital Assets

The Company holds digital assets primarily for investment and treasury purposes rather than for use in the ordinary course of business. In accordance withASU 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets, digital assets are accounted for as intangible assets measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized immediately in earnings. Digital assets are initially recorded at cost, including acquisition-related fees (see Note 1). Subsequent to initial recognition, digital assets are measured at fair value at each reporting date, and unrealized gains and losses are included in the statement of operations. Upon disposal, the difference between proceeds and carrying amount is recognized as a gain or loss in earnings. The Company discloses the number of units held, cost basis, fair value, and any significant restrictions on the ability to sell or transfer digital assets in the Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.

Assets Acquisition

The Company evaluates each transaction to determine whether it should be accounted for as a business combination or an asset acquisition in accordance withASC 805, Business Combinations. A transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, and the acquired set does not include a substantive process capable of producing outputs.

In assessing whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset, the Company considers the nature of the assets, their risks and characteristics, and whether they represent a group of similar assets as defined under ASC 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C.

For transactions accounted for as asset acquisitions, the purchase consideration is measured based on the fair value of the consideration transferred, which generally consists of the fair value of equity securities or other assets issued. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities are recognized based on their relative fair values, and no goodwill is recognized.

Fair Value Measurement

The accounting standard regarding fair value of financial instruments and related fair value measurements defines financial instruments and requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. The Company considers the carrying amount of cash, other receivables, other payables and accrued liabilities to approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature.

The accounting standards define fair value, establish a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhance disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The three levels are defined as follow:

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the carrying values of cash, other receivables and other payables approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of the instruments.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses mainly consist of marketing related expenses.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses mainly consist of (i) staff cost, rental and depreciation related to general and administrative personnel, (ii) professional expenses, and (iii) conference expenses in relation to a developer conference.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses mainly consist of outsourced research and development expenses. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The charge for taxation is based on the results for the fiscal year as adjusted for items, which are non-assessable or disallowed. It is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of assessable tax profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.

An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded $90,000 of penalty related to the late filing of tax returns. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $93,446 penalty and $2,053 interest for failed filing the tax return timely.

Interest

Interest income is mainly generated from bank deposits and other interest earning financial assets and is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective interest method.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing income (loss) available to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average common stocks outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stocks were exercised and converted into common stocks.

In May 2023, November 2023 and May 2025, the Company issued and sold pre-funded warrants that are exercisable for shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price. In accordance with ASC 260, these prefunded warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents and are included in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share when the inclusion is dilutive. As the exercise price of the prefunded warrants is nominal and substantially all conditions necessary to exercise the warrants have been met, the prefunded warrants are included in the weighted average shares outstanding for both basic and diluted income (loss) per share. As of December 31, 2025,7,468,536 pre-funded warrants as described were outstanding.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024,1,260,665 and 2,312,006 of outstanding warrants (excluding the Pre-funded Warrants and Exchange Warrants) which are equivalent to convertible of 1,059,277 and 2,110,618 common stocks, respectively, were excluded from the diluted income (loss) per share calculation due to their antidilutive effect.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the changes in equity of the Company during a year from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Accumulated other comprehensive income of the Company includes the foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments.

Recently Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740):Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 on a prospective basis for the 2025 annual reporting period. Refer to Note 10 - Taxes for further detail.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03,Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”) which requires detailed disclosures in the notes to financial statements disaggregating specific expense categories and certain other disclosures to provide enhanced transparency into the nature and function of expenses. The FASB further clarified the effective date in January 2025 with the issuance of ASU 2025-01,Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date(“ASU 2025-01”). ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The requirements should be applied on a prospective basis while retrospective application is permitted. The Company does not expect to adopt this guidance early and does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its future consolidated financial statements.

In March 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Credit Losses (Topic 326):Simplifications to the Accounting for Short-Term Receivables and Contract Assets. The update introduces practical expedients that allow entities to simplify the estimation of expected credit losses for accounts receivable and contract assets by permitting certain assumptions regarding current conditions and expectations of future economic conditions. The amendments are intended to reduce the complexity and cost of applying the current expected credit loss model for short-term financial assets. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. The Company does not currently expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and consolidated statements of cash flows.

Note 3 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements states that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The three-tiered fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes which inputs should be used in measuring fair value, is comprised of: (Level I) observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; (Level II) inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly and (Level III) unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data. The fair value hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available in determining fair value. The Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):

As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s digital assets were comprised of 7,500 units of Bitcoin, at cost of $842 million. These Bitcoins were originally held by Pallas and continued to be held following the Company’s acquisition of Pallas. In accordance withASU 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets, the Company accounts for its crypto assets as indefinite-lived intangible assets measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income in each reporting period.

The fair value of Bitcoin is determined based on quoted prices in active markets. The Company does not apply amortization to digital assets. Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value are presented within “Other income” in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of December 31, 2025, the fair value of the Company’s Bitcoin holdings was $662,996,878. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized a net loss of $178,507,882 in the consolidated statements of operations related to changes in the fair value of its Bitcoin holdings. There wasno disposal of digital assets during the year ended December 31, 2025.

Note 4 – Prepayments

Prepayments consisted of the following as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Note 5 – Equipment, net

Equipment, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 amounted to $4,304 and $4,730, respectively.

Note 6 – Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $1,147,885 and $692,755, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025, the net book value of software copyrights was $5,090,238, after deducting accumulated amortization of $2,184,403 and accumulated impairment of $3,603,974. Due to limited potential economic benefits for varying reasons, the Company recognized impairment losses of $852,800 and $2,755,659, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, to the software copyrights.

Future amortization of intangible assets are as follows:

Note 7 – Other Payables and Accrued Liabilities

Other payables and accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Note 8 – Related Party Balances and Transactions

Other payables – related parties:

Related Party Transaction

As disclosed in Note 1, the Company purchased 100% equity interest of Pallas from the Sellers, on September 29, 2025. Two shareholders of the Company, who beneficially own 12.86%, in the aggregate, of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, immediately before the execution of the Transaction, also serve as the directors and share voting and dispositive power over the shares issued by the Target. Accordingly, the Pallas Transaction constitutes a related party transaction for the Company pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the balance of other payables - related parties were $165,016 and $502,266, respectively, mainly consisted of accrued compensation of the Company’s officers, interest - free loans received from the Company’s officers and operating related fees paid by the Company’s officer on behalf of the Company. As of December 31, 2025, the interest-free loans received from the Company’s officers were fully repaid.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded compensation expenses to its officers amounted to $127,036 and $80,000, respectively, for their services provided to the Company.

Note 9 – Leases

Leases are classified as operating leases or finance leases in accordance with ASC 842Leases. The Company’s operating leases mainly related to the rights to use building and office facilities. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company records the related asset and liability at the present value of lease payments over the term. Certain leases include rental escalation clauses, renewal options and/or termination options, which are factored into the Company’s determination of lease payments when appropriate.

The balances for the operating leases where the Company is the lessee are presented as follows within the consolidated balance sheets:

Future lease payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:

Lease expense for all the Company’s operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $433,089 and $512,937, respectively. Lease payments for all the Company’s operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $528,437 and $404,440, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company incurred $481,549 short-term lease expenses and the short-term lease payments were $624,011. The Company did not incur any short-term lease expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Effective from December 1, 2025, the Company subleased partial of the lease office space to a third party for the remaining of the head lease term. Since the Company has not been relieved as the primary obligor of the head lease, the Company cannot net the sublease income against its lease payment to calculate the lease liability and right-of-use (“ROU”) asset. The Company records sub-lease income over the term of the subleases on a straight-line basis.

Future sublease income under operating leases as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded sublease income of $32,609 and $nil respectively, as other income on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Note 10 – Taxes

Income Tax

United States

GDC and AIC are corporations organized in the state of Nevada and operated primarily in the state of New York. In December 2025, GDC and AIC moved their office to New Jersey. As a result, they are subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax as well as state and local income taxes in New York and New Jersey.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the applicable statutory tax rates were as follows:

The Company’s effective tax rate may differ from the statutory rates due to various factors, including non-deductible expenses, tax credits, valuation allowances, and the impact of state and local taxes. Additionally, the Company evaluates uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, recognizing tax benefits only if it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination.

British Virgin Islands

Citi Profit BVI and Pallas are incorporated in the British Virgin Islands and are not subject to tax on income or capital gains under current British Virgin Islands law. In addition, upon payments of dividends by these entities to their shareholders, no British Virgin Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

Hong Kong

Highlight HK is incorporated in Hong Kong and are subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. Highlight HK is subject to Hong Kong profit tax at a rate of 8.25% for assessable profits on the first HK$2 million and 16.5% for any assessable profits in excess of HK$2 million for years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company did not make any provisions for Hong Kong profit tax as there were no assessable profits derived from or earned in Hong Kong since inception.

PRC

Highlight WFOE and SH Xianzhui are governed by the income tax laws of the PRC and the income tax provision in respect to operations in the PRC is calculated at the applicable tax rates on the taxable income for the periods based on existing legislation, interpretations and practices in respect thereof. Under the Enterprise Income Tax Laws of the PRC (the “EIT Laws”), qualified small and micro enterprises with annual taxable income not exceeding RMB 3 million are eligible for a preferential corporate income tax rate of 5% until December 31, 2027. This preferential rate is applied in accordance with relevant Chinese tax laws and regulations, and may be adjusted by the authorities from time to time.

Pretax Loss from Operations

The components of pretax loss from operations are as follows:

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

The current and deferred components of income tax expenses from operations appearing in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows:

The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 for the annual period ending December 31, 2025, and elected to apply the amendments on a prospective basis. The following table presents the required disclosure pursuant to ASU 2023-09 and is a reconciliation of the Company's income tax expense at the statutory federal tax rate to the Company's effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025:

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company's income tax expense at the statutory federal tax rate to the Company's effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024:

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, income tax payable to US tax authorities was $187,995 and $141,810, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, no income tax was payable to Chinese tax authorities.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded $90,000 of penalty related to failed filing of tax returns.

Income Taxes Paid

The following table presents cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received, by jurisdiction during the year ended December 31, 2025:

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of loss and credit carryforwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The principal components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

As of December 31, 2025, the Group had tax losses carry forwards of approximately $5.3 million from the entity in the PRC. The tax loss in the PRC can be carried forward for five years to offset future taxable profit and which will expire between 2028 and 2030 if not utilized. As of December 31, 2025, the Group had tax losses carry forwards of approximately $23.5 million from the entities in the U.S. The tax loss in the U.S. can be carried forward indefinitely.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as state income tax in certain jurisdictions. The tax years 2023 to 2025 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.

Management believes that the realization of the benefits from these losses appears uncertain due to the Company’s operating history and continued losses in the United States. Accordingly, the Company has provided a 100% valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset to reduce the asset to zero. Management reviews this valuation allowance periodically and makes changes accordingly.

Note 11 – Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits.

Accounts at each institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company didnot have any cash excess of the FDIC insured limit. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, $3,305 and $3,267 were deposited with a financial institution located in the PRC, respectively. While management believes that these financial institutions are of high credit quality, it also continually monitors their credit worthiness.

Note 12 – Equity

Statutory Reserves and Restricted Net Assets

In accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, an enterprise established in the PRC with foreign investment is required to make appropriations to certain statutory reserves, namely a general reserve fund, an enterprise expansion fund, a staff welfare fund and a bonus fund, all of which are appropriated from net profit as reported in its PRC statutory accounts. A foreign invested enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profits to a general reserve fund until such fund has reached 50% of its respective registered capital. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus funds are at the discretion of the board of directors for the foreign invested enterprises. For other subsidiaries incorporated in the PRC, the general reserve fund was appropriated based on 10% of net profits as reported in each subsidiary’s PRC statutory accounts. General reserve and statutory surplus funds are restricted to set-off against losses, expansion of production and operation and increasing registered capital of the respective company. Staff welfare and bonus fund and statutory public welfare funds are restricted to capital expenditures for the collective welfare of employees. The reserves are not allowed to be transferred to the Company in terms of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor are they allowed for distribution except under liquidation. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was no balance of the PRC statutory reserve funds.

In addition, under PRC laws and regulations, the Company’s PRC subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer their net assets to the Company in the form of dividend payments, loans or advances. Amounts of restricted net assets include paid up capital and statutory reserve funds of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any restricted net assets.

Furthermore, cash transfers from the Company’s PRC subsidiaries to the Company’s subsidiaries outside of the PRC are subject to the PRC government control of currency conversion. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to the Company, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations.

Common Stock

On January 11, 2024, the Company issued the 400,000 shares of its common stock to Beijing Hehe for exchange of 13.3333% of the total equity interest of SH Xianzhui (as described in Note 1).

In March 2024, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the “March 2024 Placement Agency Agreement”), with Univest Securities, LLC (“Univest”), pursuant to which, Univest agrees to use its reasonable best efforts to sell the Company’s common stock in a registered direct offering and a concurrent private placement (the “March 2024 Offering”). Univest has no obligation to buy any of the securities from the Company or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities.

Pursuant to the March 2024 Offering, an aggregate of 810,277 shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, were sold to certain purchasers (the “March 2024 Offering Purchasers”), pursuant to a securities purchase agreement, dated March 22, 2024 (the “March 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement”) at a price of $1.144 per share, for aggregated proceeds of approximately $0.9 million. The Company paid Univest a cash fee equal to 4.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the March 2024 Offering. The Company also issued warrants to Univest to purchase up to 40,514 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $1.373 per share, (the “March 2024 Placement Agent Warrants”). The March 2024 Placement Agent Warrants and the common stock underlying the March 2024 Placement Agent Warrants were not registered under the Securities Act, pursuant to the registration statement of March 2024 Offering. The March 2024 Placement Agent Warrants were issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act provided in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

On May 31, 2024, the Company entered into a software purchase agreement with Shanxi Gangdong Cultural Media Co., Ltd., a seller unaffiliated with the Company (the “SGCM”). Pursuant to the agreement, the Company agreed to purchase and SGCM agreed to sell all of SGCM’s right, title, and interest in and to the certain software. The purchase price of the software shall be $1,248,000, payable in the form of issuance of 1,560,000 shares of common stock of the Company, valued at $0.80 per share. The Company used the software to develop its AI business. On June 4, 2024, the Company issued 1,560,000 shares of common stock of the Company to the SGCM’s designees and the transaction was completed.

From February 2024 to October 2024,1,489,385 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued due to the exercise of pre-funded warrants, that were sold in the fiscal year 2023.

From March 2024 to October 2024,1,361,460 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued due to the exercise of 1,695,885 registered warrants issued in November 2023 (the “November 2023 Registered Warrants”).

In August 2024,92,756 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued due to the exercise of 54,646 registered warrants and 84,244 unregistered warrants that were issued in the fiscal year 2021.

On February 10, 2025, the Company entered into an At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Univest as the sales agent (the “February 2025 Offering”). Pursuant to the ATM Agreement, the Company may issue and sell from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of not more than $10,000,000 through the sales agent or any of its sub-agent(s) or other designees, acting as sales agent. Up to the date the consolidated financial statements were issued, the Company has not issued or sold any shares under the ATM Agreement.

On March 4, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “March 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors for the sale of 1,115,600 shares of common stock at $0.896379 per share (the “March 2025 Offering”), generating net proceeds in the amount of $910,000, after deducting underwriter’s fees of $70,000, equal to seven percent (7%) of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this Offering and reimbursement of $20,000 for the underwriter’s legal counsel and due diligence analysis expense. The Company used the proceeds from the offering for working capital purposes.

On May 2, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “May 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors for the sale of 1,115,600 shares of common stock at approximately $0.524 per share and 9,380,582 pre-funded warrants (the “May 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants”) at approximately $0.523 per warrant (the “May 2025 Offering”). As of December 31, 2025, the Company received gross proceeds of approximately $4.5 million for subscription of 1,115,600 shares of its common stock and 7,468,536 pre-funded warrants. The offering remains ongoing and has not yet been fully completed. Transaction costs incurred through December 31, 2025 included underwriter’s fees of $314,343 and a $20,000 reimbursement for the underwriter’s legal counsel and due diligence expenses. As of December 31, 2025, the Company used the proceeds from the offering for working capital purposes.

On April 28, 2025, the Company entered into a software purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Gongzheng Xu and Qing Wang, who are unaffiliated with the Company at the time (collectively, the “GXQW”). Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company agreed to purchase and the GXQW agreed to sell all of GXQW’s right, title, and interest in and to the certain software (the “Chat Box”). The purchase price of the software shall be payable in the form of issuance of 2,444,295 shares of the Company’s common stock. On April 28, 2025, the Company issued 2,444,295 shares of its common stock to GXQW and the transaction was completed. The Company used the software to develop its AI business.

On September 8, 2025, the Company, Pallas and the Sellers executed the Share Exchange Agreement, pursuant to which, the Sellers wish to sell to the Acquirer, and the Acquirer wishes to purchase from the Sellers,100% interest in and to the Target Shares. On September 29, 2025, in exchange for the Target Shares, the Company issued an aggregate of 39,189,344 shares of the Company’s common stock to such Sellers.

On October 24, 2025, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements (the “October 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investor, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement (the “October 2025 Private Placement”), an aggregate of 1,333,334 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2.10 per share, for gross proceeds in the amount of $2,800,000. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $2.5 million after deducting underwriter’s fees of $196,000 and other offering costs of $60,000. The Company used the proceeds from the offering for working capital purposes.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the total outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock were 57,318,111 and 11,167,294, respectively.

Warrants

Placement Agent Warrants

In March 2024, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the “March 2024 Placement Agency Agreement”), with Univest, pursuant to which, Univest agrees to use its reasonable best efforts to sell the Company’s common stock in a registered direct offering and a concurrent private placement (the “March 2024 Offering”). Univest has no obligation to buy any of the securities from the Company or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities.

In connection with the March 2024 Offering, the Company issued 40,514 shares of unregistered warrants (the “March 2024 Placement Agent Warrants”) to Univest, at an exercise price of $1.373 per share. The March 2024 Placement Agent Warrants and the common stock underlying the March 2024 Placement Agent Warrants were not registered under the Securities Act, pursuant to the registration statement of March 2024 Offering. The March 2024 Placement Agent Warrants were issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act provided in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

As of December 31, 2025,695,535 unregistered warrants issued to Univest were outstanding.

Prefunded Warrants

In connection with the May 2025 Offering, the Company issued 7,468,536 shares of pre-funded warrants, which is exercisable immediately.

From February 2024 to October 2024, holders of 1,489,763 pre-funded warrants, issued in November 2023, exercised their options to purchase 1,489,385 shares of the Company’s common stock.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024,7,468,536 andnil prefunded warrants were outstanding, respectively.

Registered Warrants

On March 26, 2024, October 16, 2024 and October 17, 2024, holders of 1,695,885 registered warrants issued in November 2023 (the “November 2023 Registered Warrants”) exercised their options to purchase 1,361,460 shares of the Company’s common stock. On April 30, 2025, holders of 1,051,341 November 2023 Registered Warrants exercised their options to purchase 952,644 shares of the Company’s common stock, on a cashless basis.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024,565,130 and 1,616,471 November 2023 Registered Warrants were outstanding, respectively.

February 2021 Registered and Unregistered Warrants

In August 2024, holders of 54,646 registered warrants and 84,244 unregistered warrants issued in 2021 exercised their options to purchase 92,756 shares of the Company’s common stock, on a cashless basis. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, no warrants issued in 2021 were outstanding.

The summary of warrant activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 were as follows:

The summary of warrant activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be subject to certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Company does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Note 14 – Segment Reporting

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which improved the reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses enabling investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance and assess potential future cash flows. ASU 2023-07 requires entities with a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in ASU 2023-07 and all existing segment disclosures in Segment Reporting (Topic 280). ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods on January 1, 2024, and periods beginning on January 1, 2025. The Company adopted this standard for its 2024 annual financial statements and applied this standard retrospectively for all prior periods presented in the financial statements. ASU 2023-07 has no material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

The Company operates and manages its business as a single segment and hasone operating and reportable segment, the Virtual Content Production. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”). When making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company as a whole, the CODM review operating metrics and consolidated financial statements.

The Company concluded that consolidated net income (loss) reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) is the measure of segment profitability, and consolidated total assets reported in the consolidated balance sheets is the measure of segment assets. The CODM refers to consolidated operating results and financial condition when addressing strategic and operational matters and allocating resources. Significant expense categories regularly provided to and reviewed by the CODM are those presented in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States, and substantially all of the Company’s expenses are derived from within the United States, no geographical segments are presented.

Note 15 – Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events that occurred after the balance sheet date up to March 27, 2026, which is the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements. Based on this review, the Company did not identify any subsequent event that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 27, 2026.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.