Aeluma, Inc.

Note 1 – The Company and Basis of Presentation

Throughout these notes, “the Company,” “Aeluma,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Aeluma, Inc. and Subsidiary. Aeluma develops novel optoelectronic and electronic devices for sensing, communication, and computing applications. Aeluma has pioneered a technique to produce semiconductor materials and chips using high-performance compound semiconductors on large-diameter substrates commonly used to manufacture mass-market microelectronics. This enables cost-effective manufacturing of high-performance photodetectors and photodetector arrays for imaging applications in mobile devices and other applications. Aeluma’s technology is broadly applicable across mobile, automotive, artificial intelligence (AI), defense & aerospace, communication, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), high-performance computing, and quantum computing. Aeluma is based in Goleta, California, where the Company operates in a 9,000 sq. ft. facility with a state-of-the-art research and development (“R&D”) and manufacturing cleanroom and access to world-class rapid prototyping capabilities. The facility houses unique equipment for scalable manufacturing. The Company recently added a second facility with 2,400 sq. ft. of office and meeting space, also in Goleta, California. Aeluma also partners with production-scale fabrication foundries and packaging companies. Aeluma maintains extensive patent protection and trade secrets related to its materials, manufacturing technology, and applications.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The summary of significant accounting policies presented below is designed to assist in understanding the Company’s financial statements. Such financial statements and accompanying notes are the representations of the Company’s management, who is responsible for the Company’s integrity and objectivity. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been condensed and therefore do not contain all disclosures required by GAAP. The interim financial data are unaudited; however, in the opinion of Aeluma, the interim data include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those to be expected for the full year.

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows a five-step approach for recognizing revenue: (1) identifying the contract with a customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognizing revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer. For performance obligations that are satisfied at a single point in time, the Company recognizes revenue at the point when control transfers, which is typically upon delivery, customer acceptance, or another specified milestone defined in the contract. For performance obligations satisfied over time, revenue is recognized as progress is made toward completion, using a measure that best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. Sales and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expenses. The Company does not have any significant financing components associated with its revenue contracts, as payment is received within one year. The Company currently draws revenue from two primary sources:

The Company capitalizes certain incremental costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract when such costs are expected to be recoverable. Prepaid costs, such as advance payments to vendors or subcontractors directly related to a customer contract, are recorded as assets and subsequently expensed consistent with the transfer of goods or services to the customer.

Government contracts include both cost-reimbursement and fixed-price contracts. Cost-reimbursement contracts provide for the reimbursement of allowable costs plus the payment of a fee. These contracts fall into four basic types: (i) cost-sharing contract under which government reimburses only a portion of the incurred costs, (ii) cost plus fixed fee contracts which provide for the payment of a fixed fee irrespective of the final cost of performance, (iii) cost plus incentive fee contracts which provide for increases or decreases in the fee, within specified limits, based upon actual results as compared to contractual targets relating to such factors as cost, performance and delivery schedule, and (iv) cost plus award fee contracts which provide for the payment of an award fee determined at the discretion of the customer based upon the performance of the contractor against pre-established criteria. Under cost-reimbursement type contracts, the contractor is reimbursed periodically for allowable costs and is paid a portion of the fee based on contract progress. Fixed-price contracts establish a set price for goods or services, which may be firm or adjustable under specific conditions. Adjustable fixed-price contracts can include elements such as ceiling or target prices, which are only subject to change through contract clauses that allow for equitable adjustments. Firm-fixed-price contracts do not permit any price changes based on the contractor’s actual costs, placing full financial risk and responsibility on the contractor. In contrast, fixed-price contracts with economic price adjustments allow for price changes, either increases or decreases, based on predefined events or conditions.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company was awarded one government contract of $150 thousand for the provision of services and delivery of materials. This award is a firm-fixed-price contract, under which payments are made upon completion of specified performance milestones. Revenue associated with this contract will be recognized upon achievement of designated milestones.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company was awarded two government contracts of $11.9 million for providing services and delivering materials. The awards are firm fixed contracts that shall be paid upon completion of performance and recognized as revenue over an expected term of 36 months.

As of September 30, 2025, total remaining performance obligations under all obligated government contracts amounted to $9.0 million.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees, consultants, and directors based on estimated fair values.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based compensation awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based compensation awards using the Black-Scholes model. This model requires the Company to estimate the expected volatility and value of its common stock and the expected term of the stock options, all of which are highly complex and rely on subjective variables. For employees and directors, the expected life was calculated based on the simplified method as described by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110, Share-Based Payment. For other service providers, the expected life was calculated using the contractual term of the award. The Company’s estimate of expected volatility was based on the volatility of peers. The Company has selected a risk-free rate based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity equivalent to the expected term of the options. The Company accounts for forfeitures upon occurrence.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive securities, comprised of stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants, are not reflected in diluted loss per share because such shares are anti–dilutive. The dilutive impact of potential common shares resulting from common stock equivalents is determined by applying the treasury stock method. For the three months ended September 30, 2025,1,522,371 stock options and 533,835 warrants were excluded from the calculation of diluted income per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

Concentration of Risk

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company’s accounts are insured by the FDIC, but at times our cash in these accounts may exceed federally insured limits.

The Company manages its credit risk associated with exposure to its direct customers on outstanding accounts receivable through the application of credit approvals and other monitoring procedures. The Company closely monitors the aging of accounts receivable from its direct customers. Significant customers are those that represent 10% or more of revenue or accounts receivable. For the three months ended September 30, 2025,65% and 17% of our revenue was derived from Customers E and B, and, for the three months ended September 30, 2024,36%,21%,10%,10%, and 10% of our revenue was derived from Customer A, C, B, D and F, respectively. As of September 30, 2025,72% and 13% of accounts receivables were attributable to Customers E and B. As of September 30, 2024,53%,16%,16% and 16% of accounts receivable were attributable to Customer A, B, D and F, respectively. Customers A, B, C, D and E are government agencies

Recent Accounting Pronouncements under Evaluation

In July 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-05,Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. This ASU provides a practical expedient to assume that conditions as of the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the life of the asset when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and for interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2025-05 should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements, and the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU amends the disclosure requirements for income taxes, including the requirement for further disaggregation of the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. The amendments in this guidance must be applied prospectively, with the option to apply retrospectively. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements, and the adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU. 2024-03,Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE). The ASU requires additional disclosure regarding specific types of expenses included in the income statement. This guidance applies to all public business entities and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The requirements will be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements, and the adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 – Convertible Notes

Between August 5, 2024, and August 27, 2024, we issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3.1 million to 10 accredited investors, pursuant to a private note financing. The Notes were set to mature in June 2026 and did not carry any interest. The Notes were convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”) upon the occurrence of certain events, (i.e., qualified financing resulting in at least $5.0 million to the Company, if the Common Stock was uplisted to a national securities exchange or if neither of those such events occurred prior to the maturity date, (together with Sale of the Company (as hereinafter defined), a “Conversion Event”)). In the event the Company did not complete a qualified financing or uplist at or before the maturity date, the outstanding balance of the Notes shall automatically convert without any further action by the Holder into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal to eighty-five percent (85%) to the VWAP of the Common Stock on the OTC Markets for the five trading days immediately prior to maturity date. The Note also provided that if there was a Sale of the Company, as defined in the Note, the Holder could elect to receive a cash payment equal to the aggregate amount of principal then outstanding under such Holder’s Note or convert the Note into shares of Common Stock equal to 85% of the VWAP of the Common Stock on the OTC Markets for the five trading days immediately prior to the Sale of the Company. Although the conversion price was dependent upon the type of Conversion Event that occurred, the Note carried a ceiling and floor price: the applicable conversion price was not lower than 85% of the 5-day VWAP on the applicable Closing Date (the “Floor Price”) nor was the applicable conversion price be higher than $3.50 per share (the “Ceiling Price”); the Floor Price and Ceiling Price shall automatically adjust in the event of a stock split or consolidation by the Company. Since the Floor Price was tied to the Closing Date, the Floor Price differed for investors who were part of different closings. The Floor Price for the investors who participated in the closings was equal to $2.47 or $2.68 per share. The Investors were granted piggyback registration rights for the shares of Common Stock underlying the Note.

The Note Purchase Agreement also contained customary representations and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions, and other obligations and rights of the parties.

The Company analyzed the embedded features of the convertible notes, and the debt discount is being amortized over the term of the convertible notes using the effective interest method and the derivative liabilities are marked-to-market at each reporting date.

On March 25, 2025, the Company determined that a Conversion Event had occurred pursuant to the terms of the Notes. As a result, certain holders elected to convert their Notes at the applicable Ceiling Price of $3.50 per share, resulting in the issuance of an aggregate of 898,573 shares of Common Stock in exchange for $3.1 million in outstanding principal under the Notes. Following the conversion, the Company has no further obligations under the converted Notes. The shares issued upon conversion are subject to piggyback registration rights previously granted to the investors. See Public Offerings of Common Stock in Note 3 – Stockholders’ Equity

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the carrying amount of convertible notes, totaling $1.7 million, including unamortized debt discount of $1.5 million, was reclassed to equity. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded amortization of discount on convertible notes of $145 thousand.

Note 3 – Stockholders’ Equity

Authorized Shares

The Company’s Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of two classes of shares of capital stock. The total number of shares that this corporation is authorized to issue is 50,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock and 10,000,000 of $0.0001 par value preferred stock. No preferred shares were issued as of September 30, 2025.

Registration Rights Agreement

The Company entered into a registration rights agreement that provides for certain liquidated damages upon the occurrence of a “Registration Event,” which is defined as the occurrence of any of the following events: (a) the Company fails to file with the Commission the Registration Statement on or before the Registration Filing Date; (b) the Registration Statement is not declared effective by the Commission on or before the Registration Effectiveness Date; (c) after the SEC Effective Date, the Registration Statement ceases for any reason to remain effective or the Holders of Registrable Securities covered thereby are otherwise not permitted to utilize the prospectus therein to resell the Registrable Securities covered thereby, except for Blackout Periods permitted herein; or (d) following the listing or inclusion for quotation on an Approved Market, the Registrable Securities, if issued and outstanding, are not listed or included for quotation on an Approved Market, or trading of the Common Stock is suspended or halted on the Approved Market, which at the time constitutes the principal markets for the Common Stock, for more than three (3) full, consecutive Trading Days (other than as a result of (A) actions or inactions of parties other than the Company or its affiliates or of the Approved Market not reasonably in the control of the Company, or (B) suspension or halt of substantially all trading in equity securities (including the Common Stock) on the Approved Market). The maximum amount of liquidated damages that may be paid by the Company shall be an amount equal to eight percent (8%) of the shares covered by the registration rights agreement. This filing covered 11,010,002 shares. The Company currently expects to satisfy all of its obligations under the Registration Agreement and does not expect to pay any damages pursuant to this agreement; therefore, no liability has been recorded.

The Company filed the Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the SEC, and it was declared effective on March 26, 2025. As a result, the Company has satisfied the applicable filing and effectiveness obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement and does not expect to pay any damages pursuant to this agreement. Therefore, no liability has been recorded.

Public Offering of Common Stock

On March 26, 2025, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement (“UA”) with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC in connection with a public offering of 2,285,714 shares of its common stock at a price of $5.25 per share (the “March Offering”). The Company also granted the Underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 342,857 shares to cover over-allotments, which was exercised in full on March 27, 2025. The March Offering closed on March 28, 2025.

The March Offering was conducted pursuant to our registration statements on Form S-1 (File No. 333-285469), -declared effective by the SEC on March 25, 2025, and on Form S-1MEF filed under Rule 462(b), effective March 26, 2025.

Under the terms of the UA, the Company provided a 7.0% underwriting discount per share and issued to the Underwriter warrants to purchase up to 5.0% of the total shares sold in the March Offering (including the over-allotment shares), with an exercise price equal to 115% of the public offering price. See Note 6 - Warrants

Total gross proceeds from the March Offering, including the over-allotment option, were $13.8 million. Net proceeds, after underwriting discounts and Offering expenses, were $12.6 million. The Company intends to use the proceeds for business development, scaling manufacturing operations, and general corporate purposes.

In connection with the March Offering, the Company, as well as its directors and officers, agreed to a 90-day lock-up period restricting sales or transfers of Company securities, subject to customary exceptions. The Underwriter has the discretion to release these restrictions at any time.

On September 17, 2025, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement (“UA”) with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, as the representative of the several underwriters named therein (the “Underwriters”), relating to the issuance and sale by the Company of 1,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share in its previously announced public offering (the “September Offering”). The public offering price in the September Offering was $13.00 per share of Common Stock. In connection with the September Offering, the Company granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to 255,000 additional shares of its Common Stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, and on September 18, 2025, the Underwriters exercised such option to purchase an additional 255,000 shares of Common Stock. The September Offering closed on September 19, 2025.

The net proceeds to the Company from the September Offering were $23.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and after payment of offering expenses.

The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the September Offering, together with its existing cash and cash equivalents, for expansion of business development efforts including (i) advancing manufacturing processes for production; (ii) hiring new employees; and (iii) working capital and general business purposes.

The Company made the September Offering pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-289135) previously filed with and declared effective by the SEC and a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus filed with the SEC on September 18, 2025.

Note 4 – Stock-Based Compensation

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”) are grants of shares of our common stock that vest in accordance with terms and conditions established by the Company’s Board of Directors. Recipients of RSAs generally will have voting and dividend rights with respect to such shares upon grant without regard to vesting, unless the RSA agreement provides otherwise. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest are subject to forfeiture

The Company entered into various consulting agreements that involved the issuance of common stock in exchange for future services. These agreements included time-based vesting provisions and repurchase rights tied to service terms. In connection with these agreements, the Company recorded deferred compensation for the fair value of the shares in excess of the amounts paid. The deferred compensation was recognized as consulting expense in the consolidated statements of operations over the applicable service periods.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, $0 and $7 thousand, respectively, were recognized as consulting expense in the consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2025, there wasno deferred compensation remaining in the consolidated balance sheets, as all related shares had vested and associated expense had been fully amortized as of June 30, 2025.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) are grants of shares of our common stock that vest in accordance with terms and conditions established by the administrator of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (2021 Plan). Subject to the provisions of the 2021 Plan, the administrator determines the terms and conditions of RSUs, including the vesting criteria.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company granted 76,403 RSUs, of which 2,903 were fully vested on the date of grant. The remaining RSUs will vest as follows:25% on the 12month anniversary of the grant recipient’s start date and 75% in equal quarterly installments over the following 36 months. Each vesting installment is subject to the recipient’s continued service with the Company through the applicable vesting date.

Stock Options

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company granted 157,906 stock options to employees and members of the Company’s board of directors. The stock options expire in 10 years, have exercise prices ranging from $16.37 to $20.82, and vest in one month to forty-eight months.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 12,000 stock options to a consultant. The stock options expire in 10 years, have an exercise price of $3.13, and vest equally in twelve months.

The Company estimates the fair value of each option granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of stock options for the period presented:

The following is a schedule summarizing stock option activities for the periods presented ($ in thousands, except per share data):

For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, stock-based compensation expenses for stock options and RSU granted were $1.1 million and $167 thousand, respectively. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense was $7.2 million, and the average expected recognition period was 1.8 years as of September 30, 2025.

Note 5 – Operating Lease

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Right of Use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The Company includes lease extension and termination options in the lease term when it is reasonably certain, based on consideration of relevant economic factors, that such options will be exercised.

On April 1, 2021, the Company commenced a 5-year operating lease for a facility in Goleta, California. The lease agreement includes extending the lease for two additional sixty-month periods. As of July 1, 2023, the Company determined that one of the two extension options was reasonably certain of exercise. Accordingly, the Company remeasured the ROU asset and lease liability to reflect the updated lease term.

On September 21, 2025, the Company commenced a 5-year operating lease for an office in Goleta, California with total lease payments of $303 thousand. The Company recorded the net present value of $274 thousand for both the ROU asset and lease liability on September 5, 2025.

The following table presents maturities of operating lease liabilities on an undiscounted basis as of September 30, 2025 ($ in thousands):

The weighted average remaining lease term and the discount rate for the lease at September 30, 2025 are 5.4 years and 3.97%, respectively. The total lease expenses were $48 thousand and $41 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The variable costs for common area operating expenses and electricity were $101 thousand and $84 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 6 – Warrants to Purchase Common Stock

The warrants are exercisable at any time prior to their expiration dates and include a provision that allows for cashless exercise at the time of exercise. Under the cashless exercise provision, the holder may elect to receive a reduced number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the time of exercise, rather than paying the exercise price in cash.

The following warrants to purchase common stock were outstanding as of September 30, 2025:

Note 7 – Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing date or the issuance of these financial statements and is not aware of any material items that would require disclosure in the notes to the financial statements or would be required to be recognized as of September 30, 2025.