Vicarious Surgical Inc.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

**(**in thousands, except for share and per share data)

Nature of Business

Vicarious Surgical Inc. (including its subsidiaries, “Vicarious” or the “Company”) (formerly D8 Holdings Corp. (“D8”)) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on May 6, 2020. The Company’s legal name became Vicarious Surgical Inc. following a business combination between the Company and Vicarious Surgical Inc., a Delaware corporation, on September 17, 2021 (the “Business Combination”). The Company is headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts.

The Company is currently developing its differentiated surgical robotic system using proprietary de-coupled actuators to virtually transport surgeons inside the patient to perform minimally invasive surgical procedures.

Going Concern

Since inception, the Company has generated negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $235,602. The Company has not yet generated any revenue from operations. Risks to which the Company is exposed include, but are not limited to, uncertainties related to the ability to achieve a revenue-generating product; current and potential competitors with greater financial, technological, production, and marketing resources; dependence on key management personnel; and raising additional capital, as needed. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the ability to raise additional debt or equity capital. There can be no assurance that such capital will be available in sufficient amounts or at all, or on terms acceptable to the Company.

Management does not believe that the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balance at September 30, 2025 of $13,414, plus the net cash of approximately $5.2 million received in the October 2025 registered direct offering, will be sufficient to support the Company’s operations for the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements, and accordingly, this raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. To address the Company’s capital needs, the Company must continue to actively pursue additional equity or debt financing. The Company has been in ongoing discussions with potential investors and banks with respect to such financing. Adequate financing opportunities might not be available to the Company, when and if needed, on acceptable terms or at all. If the Company is unable to obtain additional financing in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms under such circumstances, the Company’s operating results and prospects will be adversely affected. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the condensed consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP may have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, included herein, was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The condensed consolidated financial statements, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2025, the Company’s results of operations, and stockholders’ equity for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the Company’s cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The operating results for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any interim period or for any other future year.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described in this note and elsewhere in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods presented. Estimates are used for, but are not limited to, the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, fair value of financial instruments, and contingencies. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

US GAAP requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs for the valuation techniques. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements) and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The most observable inputs are used, when available. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described as follows:

Level 1—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access.

Level 2—Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of checking accounts, money market funds, U.S. treasury securities and U.S. government agency securities. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Restricted Cash

The Company has an agreement to maintain a cash balance of $936 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 as collateral for a letter of credit related to the Company’s lease. The balance is classified as long-term on the Company’s balance sheets as the lease period ends in March 2032.

Short-Term Investments

All of the Company’s investments, which consist of U.S. treasury securities and U.S. government agency securities, are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. There was an unrealized gain of $8 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and an unrealized loss of $42 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. There were unrealized gains of $175 and $114 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance-Sheet Risk

The Company has no significant off-balance-sheet risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other foreign hedging arrangements. Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents principally with accredited financial institutions of high-credit standing. Periodically, there may be times when the deposits exceed the FDIC insurance limits.

Warrant Liabilities

The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge its exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risks. Management evaluates all of the Company’s financial instruments, including issued warrants to purchase its Class A common stock, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives, pursuant to ASC 480 and ASC 815-15. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period.

As part of the Business Combination, the Company assumed 17,249,991 public warrants issued in connection with D8’s initial public offering on July 17, 2020 (“Public Warrants”) and 10,400,000 warrants sold in a private placement to D8’s sponsor in connection with the closing of D8’s initial public offering and in connection with the conversion of D8 working capital loans (the “Private Placement Warrants”), each exercisable to purchase shares of Class A common stock. All of the Company’s outstanding warrants are recognized as derivative liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40. Accordingly, the Company recognizes the warrants as liabilities at fair value and adjusts the warrant liability to fair value at each reporting period. The liabilities are subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the statement of operations. The fair value of Public Warrants was determined from their trading value on public markets. The fair value of Private Placement Warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or disposed of, the assets and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is included in the determination of net loss. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company continually evaluates whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate that the estimated remaining useful life of its long-lived assets may warrant revision or that the carrying value of these assets may be impaired. The Company does not believe that any events have occurred through September 30, 2025, that would indicate its long-lived assets are impaired.

Guarantees and Indemnifications

As permitted under Delaware law, the Company indemnifies its officers, directors, consultants and employees for certain events or occurrences that happen by reason of the relationship with, or position held at, the Company. Through September 30, 2025, the Company had not experienced any losses related to these indemnification obligations, and no claims were outstanding. The Company does not expect significant claims related to these indemnification obligations and, consequently, concluded that the fair value of these obligations is negligible, and no related liabilities have been established.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed in the period incurred. Research and development costs include payroll and personnel expenses, consulting costs, software and web services, legal, raw materials and allocated overhead such as depreciation and amortization, rent and utilities. Advance payments for goods and services to be used in future research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses and are expensed over the service period as the services are provided or when the goods are consumed.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for all stock-based compensation, including stock options, performance-based stock options (“PSOs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based RSUs (“PSUs”), warrants and other forms of equity issued as compensation for services, at fair value and recognizes stock-based compensation expense for those equity awards, net of actual forfeitures, over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award.

The fair value of the Company’s stock options and PSOs on the date of grant is determined by a Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizing key assumptions such as stock price, expected volatility and expected term. The Company’s estimates of these assumptions are primarily based on the fair value of the Company’s stock, historical data, and judgment regarding future trends. The Company uses its publicly traded stock price as the fair value of its common stock.

The fair value of RSUs and PSUs are based on the closing stock price on the grant date.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method pursuant to ASC 740,Accounting for Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that management believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized in the future. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations.

The Company provides reserves for potential payments of taxes to various tax authorities related to uncertain tax positions. Amounts recognized are based on a determination of whether a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is “more likely than not” to be sustained on audit. The amount recognized is equal to the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be sustained. Interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common stock. For the purpose of this calculation, outstanding stock options, PSOs, RSUs, PSUs and stock warrants are considered potential dilutive common stock and are excluded from the computation of net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive.

Accordingly, in periods in which the Company reports a net loss, such losses are not allocated to such participating securities. In periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common stockholders, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to be outstanding when their effect is anti-dilutive.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). Pursuant to the JOBS Act, an emerging growth company is provided the option to adopt new or revised accounting standards that may be issued by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or the SEC either (i) within the same periods as those otherwise applicable to non-emerging growth companies or (ii) within the same time periods as private companies. The Company currently takes advantage of the exemption for complying with new or revised accounting standards within the same time periods as private companies and intends to continue to do so as long as the Company qualifies as an emerging growth company. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different than the information disclosed by other public companies. The Company’s emerging growth company status will expire on December 31, 2025.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires enhanced income tax disclosures, including specific categories and disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation, disaggregated information related to income taxes paid, income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit, and income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations. The requirements of the ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to improve disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses, primarily through additional disaggregation of income statement expenses. The requirements of the ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its related disclosures.

Short-term investments consist of U.S. treasury and U.S. government agency securities and are classified as available-for-sale.

Available-for-sale investments are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. The fair values of the Company’s available-for-sale cash and cash equivalents securities are Level 1 measurements, based on quoted prices from active markets for identical assets. The fair values of our available-for-sale short-term investments securities are Level 2 measurements, based on quoted prices from inactive markets for identical assets.

The amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses and fair value of the Company’s marketable securities by type of security as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

The aggregate fair value of available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2025 was $1,132. The Company did not have any investments in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than twelve months as of September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the Company believes that the cost basis of its available-for-sale debt securities is recoverable. No allowance for credit losses was recorded as of September 30, 2025.

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

Depreciation expense for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 was $352 and $1,134, respectively. Depreciation expense for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 was $507 and $1,565, respectively.

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:

Money market funds are classified as cash and cash equivalents. U.S. treasury securities are classified as cash equivalents when the date from initial purchase to maturity is less than 90 days. The remaining investments are classified as short-term investments.

The carrying values of prepaid expenses, right of use assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of the instruments. The fair values of the Company’s short-term investments are Level 2 measurements as the US government securities are not the most recent offerings and are therefore not traded in an active market.

The fair value of the Public Warrants was determined from their trading value on public markets. The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used in the model were the Company’s stock price, exercise price, expected term, volatility, interest rate, and dividend yield.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized a gain in the statement of operations resulting from a decrease in the fair value of liabilities of $287 presented as a change in fair value of warrant liabilities on the accompanying statement of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized a gain in the statement of operations resulting from a decrease in the fair value of liabilities of $234 presented as a change in fair value of warrant liabilities on the accompanying statement of operations.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized a loss in the statement of operations resulting from an increase in the fair value of liabilities of $138 presented as a change in fair value of warrant liabilities on the accompanying statement of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized a loss in the statement of operations resulting from an increase in the fair value of liabilities of $415 presented as a change in fair value of warrant liabilities on the accompanying statement of operations.

The Company estimates the volatility of its warrants based on implied volatility from the Company’s Public Warrants and from historical volatility of select peer companies’ common stock that matches the expected remaining life of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants. The expected life of the warrants is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based on the historical rate, which the Company anticipates remaining at zero.

The following table provides quantitative information regarding the inputs used in determining the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities:

The following table shows the change in number and value of the warrants since December 31, 2024:

The following table summarizes the Company’s components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities:

From time to time, the Company may face legal claims or actions in the normal course of business. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. The Company expenses as incurred the costs related to its legal proceedings.

The Company leases its office facility under a noncancelable operating lease agreement that expires in March 2032. Lease expense for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 was $534 and $1,603, respectively. Lease expense for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 was $534 and $1,603, respectively.

A summary of the components of lease costs for the Company under ASC 842 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively, is as follows:

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information related to leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively, is as follows:

The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate are as follows:

The following table presents the maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2025:

For the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not record a tax provision as the Company did not earn any taxable income in either period and maintains a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets.

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. government enacted The One Beautiful Bill Act of 2025, (known as the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act or "OBBBA") which makes permanent many of the tax provisions enacted in 2017 as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that were set to expire at the end of 2025. In addition, the OBBBA makes changes to certain U.S. corporate tax provisions, but many are generally not effective until 2026. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new legislation but does not expect it to have a material impact on the results of operations.

Reverse Stock Split

At the Company’s annual shareholder meeting held on June 10, 2024, the Company’s shareholders granted the Company’s board of directors (the “Board of Directors”) the discretion to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding Class A and Class B common stock through an amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation at a ratio of not less than 1-for-5 and not greater than 1-for-30. The Board of Directors approved effecting a 1-for-30 reverse stock split and authorized the filing of the Certificate of Amendment for the Reverse Split with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The Reverse Split became effective in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Amendment on June 12, 2024. The Certificate of Amendment did not change the number of authorized shares of common stock or the par value. All references in these unaudited condensed financial statements to shares, share prices, exercise prices, and other per share information in all periods have been adjusted, on a retroactive basis, to reflect the Reverse Split.

Authorized Shares

At September 30, 2025, the Company’s authorized shares consisted of 300,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; and 22,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.0001 per share.

Preferred Stock

Preferred stock shares authorized may be issued from time to time in one or more series, with each series terms, voting, dividend, conversion, redemption, liquidation and other rights to be determined by the Board of Directors at the time of issuance. As of September 30, 2025, there wereno shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Warrants

The Company’s outstanding warrants include Public Warrants, which were issued as one-half of a redeemable Public Warrant per unit issued in D8’s initial public offering on July 17, 2020, and Private Placement Warrants sold in a private placement to D8’s sponsor (the “Sponsor”) in connection with the closing of the initial public offering and in connection with the conversion of D8 working capital loans.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 17,248,601 Public Warrants exercisable for 574,953 shares of Class A common stock, and 10,400,000 Private Placement Warrants exercisable for 346,666 shares of Class A common stock outstanding.

Thirty (30) whole warrants are exercisable for one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $345.00 per share. If and when the warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if it is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. The Company filed a registration statement with the SEC that was declared effective as of October 22, 2021 covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and is maintaining a current prospectus relating to those shares of Class A common stock until the warrants expire, are exercised or redeemed, as specified in the warrant agreement.

The warrants will expire on September 17, 2026 or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $540.00. The Company may call the Public Warrants for redemption:

Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $300.00. The Company may call the Public Warrants for redemption:

The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Placement Warrants and the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants, so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, (i) are not redeemable by the Company, (ii) may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis and (iii) are entitled to registration rights. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by holders other than the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

Common Stock

Classes of Common Stock

Class A common stock receivesone vote per share. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, the holders of shares of Class A common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available for such purposes. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, the holders of Class A common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of our debts and other liabilities, subject to prior distribution rights of preferred stock or any class or series of stock having a preference over the Class A common stock, then outstanding, if any.

Class B common stock receives 20 votes per share and converts into Class A common stock at a one-to-one conversion rate per share. Holders of Class B common stock will share ratably together with each holder of Class A common stock, if and when any dividend is declared by the Board of Directors. Holders of Class B common stock have the right to convert shares of their Class B common stock into fully paid and non-assessable shares of Class A common stock, on a one-to-one basis, at the option of the holder at any time. Upon the occurrence of certain events, holders of Class B common stock automatically convert into Class A common stock, on a one-to-one basis. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of our debts and other liabilities, subject to prior distribution rights of preferred stock or any class or series of stock having a preference over the Class B common stock, then outstanding, if any.

Stock Based Compensation

2021 Plan — In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company’s stockholders approved the Vicarious Surgical Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), pursuant to which 219,667 shares of Class A common stock were reserved for future equity grants under the 2021 Plan and 393,136 shares of Class A common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan upon exercise of outstanding option awards assumed by the Company in connection with the Business Combination. On June 1, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2021 Plan, which provides for the granting of up to 219,667 additional shares of Class A common stock under the 2021 Plan as determined by the Board of Directors. On June 1, 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2021 Plan, which provides for the granting of up to 232,361 additional shares of Class A common stock under the 2021 Plan as determined by the Board of Directors. On June 10, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2021 Plan, which provides for the granting of up to 166,667 additional shares of Class A common stock under the 2021 Plan as determined by the Board of Directors. On June 27, 2025, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2021 Plan, which provides for the granting of up to 311,046 additional shares of Class A common stock under the 2021 Plan as determined by the Board of Directors.

The 2021 Plan provides for the granting of incentive and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors of the Company. Under the 2021 Plan, incentive and nonqualified stock options may be granted at not less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. If an incentive stock option is granted to an individual who owns more than 10% of the combined voting power of all classes of the Company’s capital stock, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and the term of the option may not be longer than five years. PSOs include threshold, target, and maximum achievement levels based on the achievement of specific performance measures. PSOs are subject to forfeiture if applicable performance measures are not attained. The expense is recognized over the vesting period, based on the best available estimate of the number of share units expected to vest. Estimates are subsequently revised if there is any indication that the number of share units expected to vest differs from previous estimates. Any cumulative adjustment prior to vesting is recognized in the current period. In June 2024,123,510 PSOs were granted and represent the maximum achievement levels based on the achievement of specific performance measures.

The 2021 Plan authorizes the Company to issue up to 1,542,544 shares of Class A common stock pursuant to awards granted under the 2021 Plan. The Board of Directors administers the 2021 Plan and determines the specific terms of the awards. The contractual term of options granted under the 2021 Plan is not more than 10 years. The 2021 Plan will expire on April 13, 2031 or an earlier date approved by a vote of the Company’s stockholders or Board of Directors.

The Company issues RSUs to be settled upon vesting in shares of Class A common stock to certain employees and members of the Board of Directors. The RSUs vest over a four-year period. PSUs are issued in the form of performance share units. PSUs include threshold, target, and maximum achievement levels based on the achievement of specific performance measures. PSUs are subject to forfeiture if applicable performance measures are not attained. The expense is recognized over the vesting period, based on the best available estimate of the number of share units expected to vest. Estimates are subsequently revised if there is any indication that the number of share units expected to vest differs from previous estimates. Any cumulative adjustment prior to vesting is recognized in the current period. In July 2023,83,680 PSUs were granted and an additional 83,680 PSUs could have been earned if certain performance measures had been overachieved. As of December 31, 2024, there are no outstanding PSUs from the July 2023 grant. The activity for common stock subject to vesting is as follows:

Total stock-based compensation related to RSUs during the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 was $741 and $3,311, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs aggregated $2,318 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.03 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs granted and vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $0 and $269, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding at September 30, 2025 was $172.

The Company grants stock options to employees at exercise prices deemed by the Board of Directors to be equal to the fair value of the Class A common stock at the time of grant. For options with a service condition, the fair value of the Company’s stock options on the date of grant is determined by a Black-Scholes pricing model utilizing key assumptions such as common stock price, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, expected volatility and expected life. The Company’s estimates of these assumptions are primarily based on the fair value of the Company’s stock, historical data and judgement regarding future trends. The Company uses its publicly traded stock price as the fair value of its common stock.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the Company granted options to purchase 738,483 and 364,704 shares, respectively, of Class A common stock, to employees and consultants with a fair value of $4,798 and $2,171 respectively, calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the term of the related stock options. The expected life of employee and non-employee stock options was calculated using the average of the contractual term of the option and the weighted-average vesting period of the option, as the Company does not have sufficient history to use an alternative method to calculate an expected life for employees. The Company does not pay a dividend and is not expected to pay a dividend in the foreseeable future.

As of September 30, 2025, there was $7,063 of total gross unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options. The costs remaining as of September 30, 2025 are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.94 years.

Total stock-based compensation expense related to all of the Company’s stock-based awards granted is reported in the statements of operations as follows:

The Company plans to generally issue previously unissued shares of Class A common stock for the exercise of stock options.

There were 197,161 shares of Class A common stock available for future equity grants under the 2021 Plan at September 30, 2025.

The option activity of the 2021 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, is as follows:

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 was $6.50 and $5.95, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 was $42 and $9, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at September 30, 2025 was $19.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has reserved the following shares of Class A common stock for future issuance (in thousands):

The Company maintains the Vicarious Surgical Inc. 401(k) plan, under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, covering all eligible employees. Employees of the Company may participate in the 401(k) plan after one month of service and must be 18 years of age or older. The Company offers company-funded matching contributions which totaled $250 and $633 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, respectively. For the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024, the company-funded matching contributions were $299 and $694, respectively.

The Company computes basic loss per share using net loss attributable to Company common stockholders and the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted loss per share includes shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options and stock-based awards where the conversion of such instruments would be dilutive.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025,2,227,917 shares of the Company’s common stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise prices of the stock options and warrants were greater than or equal to the average price of the common shares and were therefore anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024,1,722,500 shares of the Company’s common stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise prices of the stock options and warrants were greater than or equal to the average price of the common shares and were therefore anti-dilutive.

The Company operates asone operating segment, and thereforeone reportable segment. The Company manages business activities on a consolidated basis through the development of the surgical robotic system. The Company’s determination that it operates as a single operating segment is consistent with the financial information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for purposes of evaluating performance, allocating resources, setting incentive compensation targets, and planning and forecasting for future periods. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.

For the Company’s segment, the CODM uses net loss, that is reported on the consolidated statements of operations as consolidated net loss, to allocate resources (including employees, property, and financial resources), predominantly during the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM also uses consolidated net loss, along with non-financial inputs and qualitative information, to evaluate the Company’s performance, establish compensation, monitor budget versus actual results, and decide the level of investment in the Company’s various operating activities and other capital allocation activities. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheet as total consolidated assets. The accounting policies for our single operating segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.

Registered Direct Offering and Concurrent Private Placement

On October 7, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with an institutional investor (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company issued to the Purchaser (i) in a registered direct offering,588,300 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 561,700 shares of Class A common stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrant Shares”), and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, Series A common warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,150,000 shares of Class A common stock and Series B common warrants (collectively with the Series A common warrants, the “Common Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 1,150,000 shares of Class A common stock , in each case with an exercise price of $5.10.

The offerings closed on October 9, 2025 and the Company received net proceeds of approximately $5.2 million, excluding any proceeds that may be received upon the exercise of the Common Warrants and after deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The Pre-Funded Warrants became exercisable immediately upon issuance, have an exercise price of $0.0001 and will expire upon full exercise of all Pre-Funded Warrants. The Common Warrants will be exercisable commencing on the effective date of stockholder approval for their exercise and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of the stockholder approval. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to hold a meeting of its stockholders within 120 days of the closing date of the offerings in order to seek stockholder approval and, if the Company does not obtain such approval, to call a meeting every 120 days thereafter for that purpose.

Office Facility Lease Amendment

On October 17, 2025, the Company entered into a second amendment of its lease for office space in Waltham, Massachusetts. The amendment eliminates a second building consisting of approximately 30,000 square feet. The Company will maintain the original building consisting of approximately 42,000 square feet and the lease will continue to expire in March 2032. The Company expects the amended lease to commence on December 23, 2025.