Kentucky First Federal Bancorp

13. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities: (continued)

The methods used are greatly affected by the assumptions applied, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Therefore, the fair values presented may not represent amounts that could be realized in an exchange for certain financial instruments.

The Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

14. Cash and Cash Equivalents: For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, and interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions with original maturities of less than ninety days.

15. Goodwill: Goodwill of $14.5 million was originally recorded in March 2005 when the Company, as part of its initial public offering, purchased Frankfort First Bancorp, Inc., with a portion of the stock and cash proceeds from the offering. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually. At June 30, 2023, the company had $947,000 remaining goodwill that had not been considered impaired. At June 30, 2024, the annual impairment test indicated that goodwill was impaired and a goodwill impairment charge equal to the entire balance of our $947,000 goodwill balance was taken.

16. Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance: First Federal of Kentucky has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives. Bank-owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

17. Treasury Stock: Treasury stock is stated at cost. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method.

18. Related Party Transactions: Loans outstanding to executive officers, directors, significant shareholders and their affiliates (related parties) at June 30, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

Deposits from related parties held by the Company at June 30, 2025 and 2024 totaled $2.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

In management’s opinion, such loans and other extensions of credit and deposits were made in the ordinary course of business and were made on substantially the same terms (including interest rates and collateral) as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons. Further, in management’s opinion, these loans did not involve more than normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

19. Comprehensive Income and Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss): Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, net of tax, for the period which are also recognized as separate components of equity. Accumulated comprehensive income (loss) consists solely of unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities at the end of the period.

20. Revenue Recognition: The Company’s revenue-generating activities accounted for under Topic 606 includes primarily service charges and fees on deposits and other service charges and fees and comprise the majority of other non-interest income on the statement of income. Service charges and fees on deposits are primarily debit card interchange fees and automatic teller machine (“ATM”) surcharge fees. To a lesser extent service charges and fees also include overdraft fees, dormant account fees, and service charges on checking and savings accounts. Overdraft fees are recognized at the time an account is overdrawn. Dormant account fees are recognized when an account is inactive for at least 365 days. Service charges on checking and savings accounts are primarily account maintenance services performed and recognized in the same calendar month. Other deposit-based service charges and fees include transaction-based services completed at the request of the customer and recognized at the time the transaction is completed. These transaction-based services include ATM usage and stop payment services. All service charges and fees on deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account at the time the service is provided.

21. Loss Contingencies: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

22. Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments: Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

23. Dividend Restriction: Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by the Banks to the holding company or by the holding company to shareholders.

24. Operating Segments: The Company operates as a single reportable segment, which reflects the manner in which the Chief Executive Officer evaluates financial performance and allocates resources. The Chief Executive Officer reviews consolidated financial information, including total revenues, net interest income, noninterest income, and net income, to assess performance and make operating decisions.

As the Company operates inone segment, all significant segment expenses and other items are included in the consolidated financial statements. The following significant expense categories are regularly provided to the Chief Executive Officer and are included in the measure of segment profit and loss:

The Company also considers the following other segment items in evaluating performance:

No additional measures of segment profit or loss are used by the Chief Executive Officer. The Company does not allocate assets or liabilities to the segment for internal reporting purposes, and therefore such disclosures are not presented.