InMed Pharmaceuticals Inc.

All dollar amounts stated herein are in U.S. dollars unless specified otherwise.

Overview

We are a pharmaceutical company developing a pipeline of proprietary small molecule drug candidates that are preferential signaling ligands of the endogenous CB1 and CB2 receptors as well as other receptor targets linked to human disease. CB1 and CB2 receptors are each part of the endocannabinoid system that is found throughout the human body and is responsible for many homeostatic functions. CB1 receptors are primarily located in the brain and central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are involved in modulating neuroinflammation and immune responses. Our research efforts target the treatment of diseases with high unmet medical needs. Together with our wholly owned subsidiary, BayMedica, LLC, or BayMedica, we also have significant know-how in developing proprietary manufacturing approaches to produce and sell bulk rare cannabinoids as ingredients for various market sectors.

We have sought to focus on the research and development of preferential signaling ligands of CB1 and CB2, and have produced a library of novel, proprietary drug candidates, or Product Candidates. These Product Candidates are patentable new chemical entities, or NCEs, for pharmaceutical development, aimed at targeting diverse clinical indications. Our current potential pharmaceutical pipeline consists of three programs, with drug candidates targeting Alzheimer’s disease, dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration, or dry AMD, and Epidermolysis Bullosa, or EB.

Our INM-901 is a proprietary small molecule, disease modifying drug candidate being developed as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. INM-901 has multiple potential mechanisms of action as a preferential signaling agonist for both CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as impacting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, or PPAR, signaling pathway. Combined, these mechanisms of action may offer a unique treatment approach targeting several biological pathways associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

Outcomes from our ocular research, based on the proprietary small molecule INM-089, indicate potentially promising neuroprotective effects in the back of the eye, which may lead to the preservation of retinal function. Neuroprotection in dry AMD remains an unmet medical need and a new treatment option may help solve this multifactorial disease.

We have completed a Phase 2 clinical trial of INM-755 (cannabinol) cream studying its safety and efficacy in treating symptoms related to EB. Results from the Phase 2 clinical trial showed a positive indication of enhanced anti-itch activity for INM-755 cream versus the control cream alone in an exploratory clinical evaluation. We are also pursuing strategic partnership opportunities for INM-755 in EB and other itch-related skin conditions.

Together with BayMedica, our manufacturing capabilities include traditional approaches such as chemical synthesis and biosynthesis, as well as a proprietary, integrated manufacturing approach called IntegraSyn. With multiple manufacturing approaches, we have sought to maintain enhanced flexibility to select the most cost-effective method to deliver high quality, high purity Products and Product Candidates fit for their intended uses. BayMedica’s commercial business specializes in the B2B commercialization of bulk rare, non-intoxicating cannabinoids as raw materials for the Health and Wellness sector that are bioidentical to those found in nature.

Corporate Information

We were originally incorporated in the Province of British Columbia, under theBusiness Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “BCBCA”), on May 19, 1981 (the “Incorporation Date”), and we have undergone a number of executive management, corporate name and business sector changes since such Incorporation Date, ultimately changing our name to “InMed Pharmaceuticals Inc.” on October 6, 2014. Our principal executive offices are located at Suite 1445, 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, BC, V6C 3E8 and our telephone number is +1-604-669-7207. Our website is https://www.inmedpharma.com/. The information that is contained on, or that may be linked to or accessed through our website, is not incorporated, in whole or in part, into this Annual Report in any respect. We have included our website address in this Annual Report solely as an inactive textual reference.

Employees and Human Capital

Our management team is comprised of highly experienced pharmaceutical and biotechnology executives with successful track records in researching, developing, gaining approval for and commercializing novel medicines to treat serious diseases. Each member of our management team has 20 to 30+ years of industry experience, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Operating Officer (“COO”), Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), General Manager and VPs of Preclinical Drug Development, Discovery Research, Chemistry, Synthetic Biology and of Sales & Marketing. Together, this management team has covered the spectrum of pharmaceutical drug discovery, preclinical research, formulation development, manufacturing, human clinical trials, regulatory submissions and approval, and global commercialization of pharmaceutical and wellness products. Additionally, the management team has significant experience in company formation, capital raises, mergers and acquisitions, business development, and sales and marketing in the pharmaceutical and other industries. Our Board is constituted of individuals with significant experience in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. As of September 12, 2025, inclusive of our management team, we had 13 full-time employees, and we also utilize the services of several consultants. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement, nor have we experienced any work stoppage. We believe that we maintain strong relations with our employees.

We are committed to growing our business over the long-term. As a result of the competitive nature of the industry in which we operate, employees have significant career mobility and opportunity, and as a result, the competition for experienced employees is great. The existence of this competition, and the need for talented and experienced employees to realize our business objectives, underlies the design and implementation of our compensation programs. At the same time, we seek to keep our approach to compensation simple and streamlined to reflect the still relatively moderate size of the Company. We have, therefore, implemented compensation, leave and benefits programs necessary to attract and retain the talented and experienced employees necessary to develop our business, including what we believe to be competitive salaries, stock options awards to permanent employees (both upon initial hiring and on an annual basis thereafter), and pay annual bonuses to permanent employees contingent on the achievement of corporate and/or personal objectives. We have developed an Employee Handbook that contains all corporate policies and guidelines for professional behavior. Our policies and practices apply to all employees, regardless of title. These guidelines include, among others, our Code of Business Conduct as well as our policies for corporate disclosure, insider trading and whistle blower, all of which are posted on our website.

For all current and future pharmaceutical Product Candidates we intend to submit new drug applications (“NDAs”) (or their international equivalents) in most major jurisdictions, including the United States, either alone or with development/commercial partners.

Our Business Strategy

Our goal is to develop a pipeline of prescription-based Product Candidates targeting treatments for diseases with high unmet medical needs.

These activities are at various stages of development, including, with INM-901 (for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease), INM-089 (for the treatment of dry AMD) and INM-755 (for the treatment of symptoms related to EB). We have the internal capabilities to design and execute, together with multiple external vendors, the preclinical experimentation and clinical studies required to advance pharmaceutical drug candidates towards commercialization.

We do not currently have an internal organization for the sales, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products. With respect to the commercialization of each Product Candidate, we may therefore rely on (i) a “go-it-alone” commercialization effort; (ii) out-licensing to third parties; or, (iii) co-promotion agreements with strategic collaborators for our Product Candidates. The decision to pursue a “go-it-alone” commercialization effort versus out-licensing to third parties will depend on various factors including, but not limited to, the complexity of the Product Candidate and process, the expertise required and related cost of building any such infrastructure for our Product Candidates. For INM-755 in EB, further advancement is contingent on identifying drug development and commercial partnerships. The optimal commercial strategy for the INM-901 and INM-089 compounds will be evaluated in due course.

Our Strengths

We are a pharmaceutical drug development company as well as a developer and supplier of rare, naturally occurring cannabinoids that is focused on commercializing important medicines to treat diseases with high unmet medical needs. Our key strengths include the following:

Experienced executive team and board of directors with proven track records.

One key critical success factor in the field of pharmaceutical drug development is the experience and skill set of the individuals leading us. We have been successful in attracting and retaining executive and directors with extensive experience in all facets of the pharmaceutical industry, including fundamental research and development, multiple manufacturing techniques, drug formulation, clinical trial execution, regulatory approvals, pharmaceutical commercialization, company and capital formation, business development, legal, and corporate governance. Our leadership team is well-poised to lead us through all facets of drug development and product commercialization, either internally or externally via partnerships. It is this group of individuals that will help optimize our chances for success.

Scope of research and robust pharmaceutical pipeline

Over several years of dedicated research, we have built a robust pipeline of drug development candidates, including two preclinical programs targeting Alzheimer’s (INM-901) and ocular diseases (INM-088 for glaucoma and INM-089 for AMD), as well as a completed Phase 2 study in dermatology (INM-755). The INM-089 and INM-901 preclinical programs offer a differentiated treatment approach using proprietary, disease-modifying small molecules that target the CB1 and CB2 receptors, which management believes is a key strength of the Company.

Multiple manufacturing approaches.

Our management team believes that our combined manufacturing technologies provide us with a competitive advantage to utilize the most cost-efficient methodology (i.e. chemical synthesis, biosynthesis and IntegraSyn) for the development and commercialization of new Products and Product Candidates to a wide spectrum of market opportunities.

Early mover status as a B2B supplier of non-intoxicating rare cannabinoids to the health and wellness sector.

As demonstrated by the launch of several non-intoxicating rare cannabinoids into the health and wellness sector, the team at BayMedica has substantial expertise in the commercial manufacturing scale-up to produce rare cannabinoids at large scale as well as extensive sales and marketing expertise. This know-how is important to establishing an early-mover status and to maintain cost leadership with regards to specific rare cannabinoids.

Diverse portfolio of patent applications covering a spectrum of commercial opportunities.

Success in pharmaceutical markets often rests with the strength of intellectual property, including patents, to protect our commercialization interests. We have filed several patents on our novel findings and expect to continue to do so. The acquisition of BayMedica brought several additional new patent families to bolster our manufacturing as well as drug development opportunities.

Research and Development Pipeline of Therapeutic Drug Candidates

INM-901 for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”)

Traditionally, Alzheimer’s disease has been defined by the buildup of amyloid beta (“Aβ”) plaques and neurofibrillary, also referred to as tau protein, tangles within the brain, making it a central focus of neurological research for many years. However, more recently, other factors such as neuroprotection and synaptic dysfunction are being recognized as contributors to disease progression.

Our early research demonstrating the neuroprotective capabilities of CB1 and CB2 agonists in the eye led us to investigate how such molecules might play a role in protecting other neurons in the human body, potentially, impacting different diseases. To this end, we initiated research on the neurons that are associated with the brain and how our proprietary CB1 and CB2 agonist drug candidates could affect neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s. In October 2023, InMed announced it had selected and would be advancing a lead AD drug candidate, named INM-901, following positive results from several proof-of-concept studies. INM-901 is a proprietary small molecule drug candidate. which, based on preclinical studies in well-characterized AD study models, may address multiple pathologies related to AD progression. In these preclinical study models, INM-901 demonstrated neuroprotective effects, statistically significant reduction in neuroinflammation, the ability to extend the length of neurites signifying enhanced neuronal function, and improvement in behavior, cognitive function and memory. These early studies show the potential of INM-901 to reverse neuronal damage from AD and potentially provide disease-modifying effects.

As a small molecule compound, INM-901 may offer various modes of administration including oral delivery, which could overcome several limitations associated with currently approved antibody therapies for AD, such as the high drug expenses, complicated and inconvenient drug administration and its associated compliance and accessibility challenges.

INM-901’s innate ability to safely cross the blood-brain barrier, promising preclinical studies, multifactorial mechanism of action and small molecule profile offer a potentially attractive treatment option for AD.

Alzheimer’s Disease Prevalence and Impact – A Major Medical and Societal Burden

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that predominantly afflicts the elderly, resulting in severe cognitive impairments. It is a subset of dementia that impacts the part of the brain that controls memory and language and leads to increased morbidity and mortality.

According to the U.S. Alzheimer’s Disease Association, AD accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases and is the fifth leading cause of death for people aged 65 and older. It’s estimated that 6.9 million Americans are living with AD, and it’s expected to grow to 12.7 million by 2050. About 1 in 9 people aged 65 and older has AD (10.7%), affecting 1 in 5 women and 1 in 10 men in their lifetime.

The disease has a major medical and societal burden with health and long-term care costs valued at $360 billion. In addition to the cost to the healthcare system, it’s estimated 11 million Americans are providing 18.4 billion hours of unpaid care valued at $350 billion for people living with AD or other dementias, making it one of the costliest diseases to society.

Additionally, the emotional and mental health burden on patients and their caregivers cannot be overstated.

Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disease with multiple pathologies leading to its development and progression. Hallmarks of the disease point to the toxicity and disruption of proteostasis caused by misfolded amyloid beta protein and neurofibrillary tangles or tau tangles. Amyloid-beta is a naturally occurring protein in the brain, but when abnormal levels of amyloid-beta clump together to form plaques, it causes damage to neuronal cell function resulting in AD.

The focus of Alzheimer’s research has been traditionally centered around amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein, which play a crucial role in stabilizing microtubules within neurons, supporting their structure and function. Increased activity of enzymes called tau kinase causes the tau protein to misfold and clump, creating neurofibrillary tangles which disrupt the normal functioning of neurons. The stage and severity of AD is associated with an abundance of tau tangles.

In addition to these two aspects of Alzheimer’s disease, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction are also recognized as contributors to AD progression. Microglia, the brain’s immune cells, are involved in the removal of amyloid-beta and has been a focus of research in neuroinflammation. Therapies targeting the modulation of microglial activity aim to reduce inflammation and protect neurons.

Examples of Current treatments in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Currently approved medications for AD generally fall into two main categories. The first category comprises drugs designed to address symptoms related to memory and cognitive function. While these medications cannot halt the damage that AD inflicts on brain cells, they can help alleviate or stabilize symptoms for a limited duration by influencing specific chemicals responsible for transmitting messages between nerve cells in the brain. Essentially, these medications are aimed at preserving neurotransmitters. However, they do not replace the deteriorating ones and thus do not impede the disease’s progression.

Until recently, cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate regulators were the only treatments available to people living with AD. These drugs are intended to improve cognitive and behavioral symptoms and do not address the prevention or progression of the disease.

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing disease-modifying treatments that target the underlying biology of AD. One major focus of these research and development endeavors has centered on addressing the accumulation of amyloid plaques and the removal of both these plaques and tau proteins. This approach aligns with the long-standing amyloid hypothesis, which posits that AD is triggered by the buildup of (Aβ) in the brain. This accumulation leads to neuronal toxicity within the central nervous system, disrupting neuronal and synaptic function, ultimately culminating in neuronal degeneration and cell death.

Since 2021, three disease-modifying treatments have been approved for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease. All three treatments primarily address symptoms related to memory and cognitive function via the reduction of beta-amyloid plaques. Aduhelm™, the first of these drugs to be approved by the FDA has since been discontinued by Biogen. These disease-modifying medications are aimed at removing amyloid plaque build-up between the neurons in the brain; however, they do not restore or rebuild deteriorating neurons and thus do not reverse Alzheimer’s disease progression. In addition, these treatments are related to some significant side effects, including amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (“ARIA”) with edema (brain swelling), requiring brain scans once or twice a year. The administration of these treatments, which include an intravenous infusion every 2-4 weeks, also presents a challenge.

Role of CB1 and CB2 Agonists in Alzheimer’s disease:

Numerous studies have indicated dysregulation of the Endocannabinoid System (“ECS”), which encompasses receptors, endocannabinoids, and synthesizing/metabolizing enzymes, in various neurodegenerative conditions, notably AD. These investigations have unveiled the potential of CB1 and CB2 agonists, both endogenous and synthetic, in mitigating the harmful effects of AD pathology. These CB1 and CB2 agonists have been suggested to diminish Aβ toxicity, reduce tau hyper-phosphorylation, and suppress neuroinflammatory responses while curbing the production of reactive oxygen species (“ROS”). As a result, they may enhance the survival of neurons in the aftermath of Aβ aggregation.

CB1 and CB2 agonists exert their biological effects through two primary membrane receptors, endogenous CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Activation of CB1 has demonstrated its ability to alleviate neurotoxicity in various AD models. Conversely, CB2 agonism and increased expression have been associated with the removal of Aβ by macrophages.

The precise molecular mechanisms responsible for safeguarding specific neuronal populations remain elusive. However, several observations support this concept:

a) CB1 and CB2 agonists possess a capacity to exert broad effects on multiple molecular targets, including critical brain structures and behavior;

b) CB1 and CB2 agonists act not only through ECS receptors but also interact with other non-ECS receptors such as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (“PPARs”), and transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (“NFkB”); and

c) CB1 and CB2 agonists exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, modulate neurotransmitter release, and limit oxidative stress, collectively contributing to the enhancement of neuronal viability.

AD is a progressive neurodegenerative condition primarily driven by the toxicity and disruption of proteostasis caused by misfolded Aβ protein. CB1 and CB2 agonists have emerged as promising agents capable of preserving neuronal integrity and functionality, offering a potential strategy to slow down disease progression and enhance the quality of life for affected individuals. Furthermore, CB1 and CB2 agonists exhibit the capacity to mitigate neuroinflammation, shield against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity, and mitigate neurodegeneration in animal models of AD. Additionally, research has unveiled dysregulation of the ECS in the brains of AD patients, which could contribute to the cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with the disease.

INM-901 is highly lipophilic (dissolves in fats, oils and lipids) and can easily cross the blood-brain barrier, a capability that renders it a promising candidate for pharmaceutical use in the treatment of neurological disorders.

The use of CB1 and CB2 agonists in AD treatment holds great promise; however, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms to develop safe and effective CB1 and CB2 agonists-based therapeutics.

INM-901: A Multi-factorial Approach to Treating Alzheimer’s disease

While progress has been made recently in the development of new treatments for AD, there are no treatments addressing the multiple aspects of this complex disease such as neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, synaptic dysfunction or the restoration of the damaged neurons – factors that may help to restore brain function loss or reverse the damage caused by AD.

Preclinical studies indicate that INM-901 may target multiple biological pathways. InMed has conducted severalin vitro andin vivo studies to test the pharmacological effects of INM-901 in well-characterized AD preclinical models.

Figure 1. Multiple Mechanisms of Action

Figure 2. Neuroprotection of human neuronal cells

Phyto-cannabinoids (“pCBx”) promote neuroprotection. (A)**Amyloid peptide (Aβ, 5µM) induces cytotoxicity in SHSY5Y cells.*Aβ1-42 insult induced approximately ~45% cytotoxicity of the SH-SY5Y cells.(B)**Concurrent exposure ofA*β with pCBx at 5 µM and 10 µM concentrations protected cells from Aβ induced toxicity in a dose-dependent manner.Cell viability was determined by MTT assay.

Figure 3. Neurogenesis of human neuronal cells

*Cannabinoid pCBx promotes neuritogenesis.****Tuj1 Tubulins are building blocks of microtubules. As such, Tuj1 expression can reveal the fine details of axonal structures and dendrites. Therefore, changes in Tuj1 expression can be directly correlated with neuronal health and communication.(A)*Photomicrographs illustrating Tuj1 expression in control and pCBx (5 and 10µM) treated cells. The formation of extended neurites and arborization is evident upon pCBx treatment.

INM-901 demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects

Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. INM-901 has demonstrated the ability to reduce neuroinflammation in bothin vivo andex vivo models, reinforcing its potential as a disease-modifying therapeutic candidate.

In a long-term (seven-month dosing)in vivostudy, INM-901 demonstrated statistically significant, dose-dependent reductions in several pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (“TNF-α”), interleukin-1 beta (“IL-1β”), and interferon gamma (“IFN-γ”). In addition, INM-901-treated groups showed reduced plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (“NfL”), a biomarker associated with neurodegeneration. mRNA analysis from brain tissue revealed reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (“GFAP”), CD-33, and Toll-like receptor 2 (“TLR-2”), all of which are associated with neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer’s disease.

Further supporting these findings, anex vivo study using lipopolysaccaride (“LPS”)-induced inflammation in animal brain tissue demonstrated that INM-901 significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, a key inflammasome marker, as well as the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, IL-2 and KC/GRO. These anti-inflammatory effects were observed in a dose-dependent manner and were statistically significant. The data support INM-901’s direct anti-inflammatory activity independent of amyloid-beta or tau-related pathology.

INM-901 shows behavioral improvements inin vivomodels

INM-901 treatment in the well-established 5xFAD AD mouse model led to improvement in cognitive function and memory, locomotor activity, anxiety-based behavior, and sound awareness. InMed’s most recent study evaluated INM-901 using a longer treatment duration and subjects with more advanced disease to validate and expand upon previous findings, which have demonstrated improvements in cognitive function, anxiety-related behavior, and sensory responsiveness.

Summary of INM-901 Iong-term 5xFAD study:

INM-901 Interacts with Specific Receptors in the Brain

Studies of INM-901 demonstrate activity as a preferential signaling ligand for CB1 and CB2 and impacts the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (“PPAR”) signaling pathway. Research indicates that activating CB1 and CB2 receptors may induce neuroprotective effects and may help to protect brain cells from damage and death. Enhancing the activity of these receptors may help to slow down the progression of the AD, in which neuronal cell death is a hallmark. Moreover, the activation of these receptors, along with other cellular receptors, has also been shown to have an impact on neuroinflammation. As neuroinflammation is believed to contribute to the progression of AD, targeting these receptors could help alleviate this inflammatory response.

INM-901 is a Proprietary Small Molecule Compound

INM-901 is a small molecule compound, one of several cannabinoid analogs developed by our scientists. Cannabinoids are small molecules known to be highly lipophilic and can safely cross the blood-brain barrier, enabling the potential therapeutic modulation of brain signaling and making them promising pharmaceutical targets for neurological diseases such as AD.

Small molecule drugs have several advantages that contribute to their widespread use. Those advantages include oral administration (making it convenient for patients to comply), good bioavailability (allowing these compounds to be efficiently absorbed), ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (enabling therapeutic modulation in brain signaling), stability in storage and transport (ease of drug handling and dose adjustment) and low-cost manufacturing.

Key Outcomes from INM-901 Studies

In Vitro Studies

In Vivo Studies

Ex Vivo Studies

INM-901 Next Steps

Research & Development

Key Milestones

INM-089 for the Treatment of Age-related Macular Degeneration (“AMD”)

Introduction

While conducting the preclinical studies of a previous drug candidate, INM-088 in glaucoma, which involved comparing various naturally occurring compounds including InMed’s proprietary small molecule candidates, it was discovered that one of InMed’s candidates was demonstrating interesting pharmacological effects in the back of the eye. Further preclinical studies of this compound using AMD study models demonstrated significant functional and pathological improvements. InMed has selected drug candidate INM-089, a proprietary small molecule analog of INM-088, for further preclinical development in the potential treatment of dry AMD.

AMD is a progressive eye disease that causes damage to the macula which affects a person’s central vision. AMD is common amongst the elderly and is a leading cause of vision loss. Dry AMD is the most common form of AMD, accounting for 80% of AMD cases according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Until recently, there were no approved pharmaceutical treatments for people with dry age-related macular degeneration. In 2023, the FDA approved two new treatments which are complement inhibitors for advanced stages of dry AMD (called geographic atrophy (“GA”)).

In vitro andin vivo studies of INM-089 have demonstrated neuroprotection of photoreceptors, improvement of the integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium, a reduction in extracellular autofluorescent deposits (a hallmark of AMD), preservation of the retinal function in the back of the eye and improvement in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer of the retina.

As a small molecule, INM-089 is likely deliverable via various modes of administration, such as a topical eye drop or intravitreal injection (“IVT”) formulations.

Pathology of Age-related Macular Degeneration

AMD is a progressive eye disease that causes damage to the macula which is part of the retina at the back of the eye. The macula controls the sharp vision straight ahead of you, and damage to the macular affects a person’s central vision.

There are two principal forms of AMD, atrophic (non-exudative) dry AMD and neovascular (exudative) wet AMD. Wet AMD constitutes about 10%-20% of all cases of AMD and occurs when an abnormal blood vessel grows in or under the retina leading to central vision loss. Dry AMD is the most common form affecting nearly 80%-90% of all patients with AMD. It is associated with the gradual loss of the outer nuclear layer (“ONL”) photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (“RPE”) thinning, formation of drusen deposits, and loss of the vessels in the retinal choriocapillaris. Advanced stage of dry AMD is characterized by GA at the center of the macula extending through the outer neuroretina, RPE and choroid. GA is characterized by the atrophy of RPE, photoreceptors, choriocapillaris, and ONL. The loss of functional RPE and photoreceptors in GA is not endogenously replaced and can result in complete sight loss.

AMD is a leading cause of vision loss in adults

According to the World Health Organization, 196 million people worldwide live with age-related macular degeneration. An estimated 19.8M Americans aged 40+, about 12.6% of the population, suffer from AMD. While AMD does not cause complete vision loss, it affects central vision and impairs one’s ability to perform daily tasks such as cooking, reading and driving.

As the name suggests, aging is a strong risk factor for developing AMD. Adults aged 50 or older, smoke, have a diet of high saturated fat, have cardiovascular disease or have a family history of AMD are more at risk of developing AMD. People of European ancestry are more likely to develop AMD than Blacks, Hispanics or Asians. In addition, people with blue eyes have higher incidence rates of AMD than someone with brown eyes.

Early detection is key to slowing the progression of AMD. A sign of whether you might have AMD is when straight lines look wavy.

A Major Unmet Medical Need for New AMD Treatments

Until recently, there were no approved pharmaceutical treatments for people with dry age-related macular degeneration, which accounts for about 80%-90% of AMD cases.

In 2023, the FDA approved two new treatments which are complement inhibitors for advanced stages of dry AMD (or geographic atrophy). These complement inhibitors are injected directly into the eye every one to two months.

Syforvre® (pegcetacoplan), developed by Apellis Pharmaceuticals, was approved by the FDA in February of 2023 for the treatment of geography atrophy, the late stage of dry AMD. Syforvre®, a C3 complement inhibitor, is injected into each eye every 25-60 days and reduces the rate of lesion growth in the eye.

In August 2023, the FDA approved Iveric’s Izervay® (avacincaptad pegol), a complement C5 inhibitor, which aims to reduce an immune response that damages retinal cells. Similar to Syforvre®, the drug is approved for geographic atrophy and is administered via intravitreal injection every month. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, these new complement inhibitor drugs slow the development of GA by about 14%-20%, but do not improve eyesight, nor restore lost vision. Side effects of these new treatments include inflammation, bleeding beneath the clear lining of the eye, blurred vision and fluid pressure, and some patients develop wet AMD.

In addition to the new complement inhibitors, there are surgical implants and ongoing clinical drug trials. An ophthalmologist may recommend specific vitamins to slow the progression of AMD in its intermediate stage.

The approval of complement inhibitors offers hope to people living with dry AMD, however, the modest effect, inconvenient drug delivery and the increased risk of developing wet AMD may outweigh the benefit for some patients and their physicians. There remains a large unmet medical need for more effective and convenient treatments for the large patient population affected by dry AMD.

Treatments approved or in late-stage development for Geographic Atrophy (advanced dry AMD)

Role of CB1 and CB2 agonists in ocular disease

Mounting scientific e is pointing to the neuroprotective effects of CB1 and CB2 agonists, supporting their therapeutic potential in ocular diseases such as AMD and glaucoma, in which neuroprotection is key to preserving the nerve cells in the eyes and potentially slowing or reversing eye damage. Several preclinical studies conducted by InMed in three of its drug development programs have consistently shown the neuroprotective effects of naturally occurring CB1 and CB2 agonists and their analogs in well-recognized study models.

In was during this research of INM-088 when InMed scientists observed the ability of a novel CB1 and CB2 agonist, now called INM-089, to proactively protect the nerve cells in the back of the eye. As a result of this discovery, InMed launched the INM-089 drug development program for the potential treatment of AMD.

INM-089: Small molecule compound acting as a selective dual CB1 / CB2 agonist

CB1 and CB2 receptors are both part of the endocannabinoid system and are found throughout the body and are responsible for many homeostatic functions. CB1 receptors are primarily located in the brain and central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are involved in modulating neuroinflammation and immune responses. Activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and protect cells from damage and death.

INM-089 is a small molecule compound, one of several proprietary CB1and CB2 agonists discovered and developed by our team of scientists.

INM-089 in vitro and in vivo studies to date

Preclinical studies of INM-089 demonstrate significant functional and pathological improvements in an AMD disease study model. Results from severalin vitro andin vivo studies demonstrate INM-089’s pharmacological effects in the potential treatment of dry AMD:

Based on widely accepted ocular research, the thickness of the outer nuclear layer is strongly correlated with photoreceptor preservation and visual acuity.

INM-089 Study: Neuroprotective effects

INM-089 demonstrates neuroprotective effects in pressure-induced toxicityin vitro model in retinal ganglion cells in a dose-dependent manner.

INM-089 Study: Photoreceptor Function Preservation

In a light-induced toxicityin vivo AMD model, a single intravitreal injection was performed at the back of the eye to deliver either INM-089, INM-088 or vehicle control. INM-089 outperforms INM-088 (‘CBN’ in the graph below) and vehicle control in preserving photo-receptor function.

INM-089 Study: Autofluorescent Extracellular Deposit Level

In a light-induced toxicityin vivo AMD model, a single intravitreal injection was performed at the back of the eye to deliver either INM-089 or vehicle control. INM-089 reduced build-up of autofluorescent extracellular deposits, which causes damage to the macular. The build-up of autofluorescent deposits such as drusen is a hallmark of dry AMD.

Selection of intravitreal (‘IVT’) formulation for INM-089

InMed selected an intravitreal (“IVT”) formulation for INM-089 as a drug candidate to be utilized in our ongoing development program. InMed’s proprietary IVT formulation, combined with the INM-089 active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”), has been successfully delivered to the targeted area of the eye in preclinical studies in doses of up to 10 times the calculated safety margin relative to the therapeutic dose level. This INM-089 IVT formulation will be used in the next stages of preclinical studies, including GLP-enabling studies and subsequent stages of clinical development. Additionally, InMed completed a series of dose-ranging in vivo studies. The information from the dose-ranging study will guide us in selecting the appropriate doses for the pivotal preclinical toxicology studies.

Intravitreal injection has been the established method for the effective delivery of drugs to the back of the eye and remains the standard of care among retinal specialists. Topical formulations, such as eye drops, face significant challenges in delivering highly lipophilic drugs to this target tissue because the complex anatomy and protective barriers of the eye hinder effective drug permeation.

INM-089 Next Steps

Research & Development

INM-755 for the Treatment of Epidermolysis Bullosa (‘EB’)

Introduction

INM-755 (cannabinol, or ‘CBN’) cream is a proprietary, topical product candidate intended as a therapy in dermatological diseases. The first clinical indication under development is treatment of symptoms related to EB. EB is a collective name for a group of genetic disorders of connective tissues characterized by skin fragility leading to extensive blistering and wounding. It affects skin and mucous membranes, particularly of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary and respiratory systems. EB is a debilitating disease affecting a small proportion of people in the United States, thus earning it an orphan-disease status. The disease has no definitive cure, and all current treatments are directed towards symptom relief. There are, however, a number of products, mainly gene therapies, currently in clinical trials, in which a cure is being explored, according to several recent scientific publications. Our preclinical research has identified a specific Product Candidate, CBN, that may prove beneficial to patients: first, by addressing certain key disease hallmarks (which may include wound healing, infection, pain, inflammation, and itch); and second, by regulating the expression of various proteins (keratins) that may compensate for reduced expression of others.

The active ingredient in INM-755, CBN, is an agonist for both CB 1 and CB2 receptors, with a higher affinity for CB2, which means it should have a greater effect on the immune system than on the central nervous system. The distribution of CB1 and CB2 receptors in sensory nerves and inflammatory cells in the skin makes it an attractive pharmaceutical agent for dermal treatments in medical conditions characterized by inflammation and pain.

Summary of Completed Clinical Trials

Phase 1 Clinical Trials (Studies 755-101-HV and 755-102-HV)

A regulatory application to support our first Phase 1 clinical trial in healthy volunteers with INM-755 (755-101-HV) was submitted November 4, 2019 and approved December 6, 2019 in the Netherlands. The initial Phase 1 clinical trial evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of INM-755 cream in 22 healthy volunteers with normal, intact skin; the volunteers had cream applied once daily for a period of 14 days. All subjects in this first clinical trial completed treatment and evaluations by March 27, 2020. Database completion and data analyses were delayed by pandemic restrictions. Study results were reported November 25, 2020. A blinded interim safety review from the first 16 subjects in this Phase 1 clinical trial were included in a regulatory application that was approved April 17, 2020, for a second Phase 1 clinical trial of 8 healthy volunteers to test the local safety and tolerability of applying sterile INM-755 cream to small wounds once daily for 14 days. As with the initial Phase 1 trial, the second clinical trial (755-102-HV) was conducted with two different drug concentrations and a vehicle control. Enrollment began in early July 2020 and the clinical trial completed treatment and evaluations at the end of September 2020. Study results were reported January 8, 2021.

Phase 2 Clinical Trial (Study 755-201-EB)

Regulatory applications to support this global trial were filed for review by the National Competent Authorities and Ethics Committees in 8 countries for 13 clinical sites. Approvals were obtained in all countries (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Serbia, and Spain) as of March 2022. Enrollment and patient treatment began in December 2021 and completed in April 2023.

The goal of the Phase 2 study was to obtain safety and preliminary efficacy of INM-755 cream in treating symptoms and wound healing in patients with EB, using a within-patient design in which matched index areas were randomized to INM-755 cream or vehicle (no drug) cream in a blinded manner. A target of up to 20 patients were to be enrolled with treatment for 28 days, the longest period supported by nonclinical toxicology studies.

No single primary endpoint was set for the trial to allow for possible variations in presenting symptoms in each patient. These include the presence of open wounds, wound pain associated with dressing changes, background wound pain, wound itch, and itch in non-wound areas. To this end, InMed’s goal was to harvest data from the trial to evaluate the ability of INM-755 to treat chronic non-wound itch and to heal wounds and treat associated pain and itch.

The Phase 2 Trial enrolled a total of 19 patients. Data from one patient were excluded from efficacy analyses due to a significant protocol deviation. Of the 18 remaining patients whose data were considered reliable for clinical review, 17 were treated for chronic non-wound itch and one patient was treated for wound-related itch. The remaining endpoints (pain, wound healing) could not be analyzed due to too few enrollees with such symptoms.

Of the 18 participants assessed, chronic itch improved by a clinically meaningful amount in 12 patients (66.7%), of whom:

In summary, results from the Phase 2 clinical trial showed a positive indication of enhanced anti-itch activity for INM-755 cream versus the control cream alone in an exploratory clinical evaluation. The results for non-wound itch were not statistically significant in this small trial due, in part, to the clinically important anti-itch effect of the underlying control cream. We are, nevertheless, encouraged by and satisfied with the INM-755 clinical data for non-wound itch treatment. That the majority of the assessed patients in the trial showed clinically meaningful improvement in non-wound itch from the application of INM-755, be it with similar outcomes to the control cream or better than the control cream, can be considered impressive.

Based on the safety and efficacy data for treating non-wound itch in this EB study, as well as previous safety data from Phase 1 trials, we are now seeking R&D and commercial partnership opportunities for any continued development of INM-755 cream. Continued development of INM-755 cream will likely move beyond EB into broader indications involving chronic itch, with potentially much larger target populations and commercial opportunities than offered solely by the EB indication.

Key Milestones for the EB Program:

Next Steps

We believe INM-755 has potential for further advancement in the treatment of chronic itch and related conditions. However, progression of the program will only occur in partnership with a suitable collaborator. To date, we have not been successful in our partnering efforts, as we have deprioritized this initiative to focus resources on other corporate and business development opportunities.

Rare Cannabinoid Products in the Health and Wellness Sector

BayMedica has a revenue-generating commercial business unit that leverages our significant expertise in synthetic biology and chemistry to develop efficient, scalable, and proprietary manufacturing approaches to produce high quality, regulatory-compliant, non-intoxicating rare cannabinoids (“Products”) for consumer applications. BayMedica is currently commercializing Products as a B2B supplier to distributors and manufacturers in the health and wellness sector, including nutraceuticals, cosmetics, functional foods and beverages, as well as animal health markets. BayMedica currently has a robust portfolio of non-intoxicating Products including: cannabichromene (“CBC”), cannabidivarin (“CBDV”) tetrahydrocannabivarin (“THCV”) and cannabicitran (“CBT”).

Following the acquisition of BayMedica in 2021, a key priority in 2022 was accelerating commercial activities and building out a robust product portfolio as a supplier of Products to the health and wellness sector. While there was slower than expected revenue growth in 2022, we have seen increased demand through 2023 and the first half of 2024 due to better research of rare cannabinoids, companies and brands looking for product innovation and effects-based outcomes, and the ability of companies like ours to reliably supply high quality and consistent Products. During the financial year ended June 30, 2025, BayMedica achieved sales of approximately $4.9 million.

BayMedica will continue to evaluate opportunities for potential structured supply arrangements and collaborations for the commercial business. Sales and marketing efforts will remain focused on Products that contribute highest margins where BayMedica continues to hold a strong competitive position.

Chemical Synthesis-Derived Cannabinoids Commercialized by BayMedica

Cannabichromene (CBC)

The high cost of goods for rare / minor cannabinoids (e.g. CBC) extracted and purified from the plant made adoption of these more difficult due to the cost of manufacture and cost to include in the final marketed product(s). Chemical synthesis has provided a consistent, scalable approach to produce CBC and other minor cannabinoids at a highly competitive cost of goods with consistent batch to batch variability and high purity of the cannabinoid. BayMedica has successfully manufactured and commercialized the rare cannabinoid CBC, for sale to distributors into the health and wellness industry. The development of a scalable process for the manufacturing of CBC began in 2018 using well established chemical synthesis protocols.

In 2019, a Material Services Agreement was completed with a multinational contract research, development and manufacturing organization (“Chemistry CDMO”) to facilitate the optimization and scale-up of BayMedica’s proprietary CBC manufacturing process using commercially available starting materials sourced from various manufacturers. We scaled to a batch size of greater than 1kg by calendar 2019 at which time we contracted a leading U.S. manufacturer to provide the final purification of CBC to greater than 95% purity. This manufacturer also operates a North American based toll-processing facility with the capability to process from 10kg to metric ton quantities of our crude CBC material under food-grade GMP conditions. By late 2019, our Chemistry CDMO had scaled the process to greater than 10kg, and by year end 2019 to almost 30kg with final purification at the NA contractor. We commenced commercial sales of CBC in November 2019.

Large scale manufacturing of crude CBC began at our Chemistry CDMO in 2020 at >40kg. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic significantly impacted sales beginning in calendar 2020. Large scale production continues with current batch sizes exceeding 200kg.

Cannabicitran (“CBT”)

We have developed a process for the efficient chemical synthesis of CBT through both in-house R&D efforts and via our Chemistry CDMO. We began scaling this process and conducted downstream processing and purification trials in late calendar 2021. We received initial purchase orders and commenced commercial sales of CBT in calendar 2022.

Cannabidivarin (“CBDV”)

Beginning in early 2021, BayMedica worked internally and with external parties to access and develop manufacturing technologies for the chemical synthesis of the rare, non-intoxicating “varin” cannabinoid, CBDV. In calendar 2021, via a Chemistry CDMO, we successfully scaled CBDV synthesis to commercial quantities. In April 2022, we commenced B2B sales of CBDV to the health and wellness sector. As of fiscal 2023, a new source of CBDV was secured to provide a lower cost of goods replacement to the previously produced CBDV. Sales of this CBDV were initiated in the second quarter of calendar 2024.

Tetrahydrocannabivarin (“THCV”)

As part of the R&D into manufacturing techniques to synthesize and produce CBDV, we also began researching and developing processes to convert CBDV to the non-intoxicating rare cannabinoid THCV. In conjunction with our Chemistry CDMO and our in-house team, we developed a robust pilot-scale process that produces THCV. We have now developed a purification process to produce the finished THCV material. We began scale-up of our novel process with this CDMO in the first quarter of calendar 2022 and commenced sales in second half of calendar 2022. A new, more cost-effective, manufacturing approach for the supply of THCV was initiated in calendar 2023 with initial sales in the third quarter of calendar 2023. We will continue to assess further initiatives to reduce cost of goods for THCV.

Analogs of Cannabinoids / New Chemical Entities (“NCE”)

In addition to the natural cannabinoids above, we have leveraged our expertise in pharmaceutical chemistry and biosynthesis to produce a number of novel cannabinoid analogs and variants of pharmaceutical interest.

In the field of pharmaceutical drug development, the term analog is used to describe structural and functional similarity between an original (or parent) molecule and one that has been somewhat modified. While any company researching a naturally occurring compound, like cannabinoids, cannot own a patent on the molecule itself for commercial exclusivity, a modified molecule, which has certain structural and pharmacological similarities with the original compound, can be patented. As well, modifications of the original molecule (ie, the analog) can be designed to confer certain improvement in activity of the parent, such as an elevation of the desired physiological effects, a decrease in unwanted side effects, improvement in aspects related to drug delivery to targeted tissues, etc., or a combination of these targeted outcomes. We have filed patents covering numerous structural additions and modifications of the naturally occurring cannabinoids. Each individual modification to each individual cannabinoid represents a NCE which can be patented. If issued, this patent family will confer market exclusivity to us for the analogs that we intend to develop into pharmaceutical Product Candidates, license, partner or sell to interested external parties.

Notable Milestones:

Other Milestones Include:

Intellectual Property

A patent is a monopoly granted by a government for a period of up to 20 years. A patent provides an enforceable legal right to prevent others from exploiting an invention being a product, device, system, substance, process or method in the country of grant. For an invention to be patentable, it must be novel, involve an inventive step and useful at the time of filing the initial patent application for that invention. At 18 months from the initial patent application, the detailed description of the invention is published. In order to secure patent protection, a patent application is filed with the patent office in each country of interest, the application is considered under the patent laws of that country, and a patent will issue if the application meets the patentability criteria of that country. After a patent expires or lapses, anyone can then use the invention.

The grant of a patent does not guarantee validity, and a patent may be challenged by third parties at a patent office by re-examination in some countries or through the courts by revocation proceedings. The grant of a valid patent does not mean that the invention may be exploited in a given country without infringing third party intellectual property rights in that country.

The owner of a patent has the exclusive right to prevent others from making, selling, importing or otherwise using the patented invention for the life of the patent. Patent infringement occurs when someone makes, hires, uses, imports or sells the patented invention, or a product made by a patented method, or offers to do these things, within the country covered by the patent without the permission of the owner of the patent.

Adequate protection of intellectual property is a means to ensure that we can commercialize our intellectual property and reduce the likelihood of imitation by competitors. We intend to utilize patents available to protect our IP wherever commercially realizable. In addition, we also rely on trade secrets and process know-how to protect our intellectual property. While we cannot patent the naturally occurring individual cannabinoids used in our Products and Product Candidates, there are a number of other approaches to protect our inventions. These include:

The patent methodologies listed above will be designed with the intention to maximize the protection of our multi-faceted approach to developing novel cannabinoid medicines. We typically file patent applications in US, Canada, European Union (“EU”) and other selected commercially significant foreign jurisdictions.

InMed Patent Portfolio – August 2025

PCT = Patent Cooperation Treaty. Members in this treaty includes over 150 countries including USA, Canada, Europe and others. Patents typically expire 20 years from their filing dates, if granted, the patent expiry may be extended by patent agencies and/or health regulatory authorities.

BayMedica Patent Portfolio – August 2025

PCT = Patent Cooperation Treaty. Members in this treaty includes over 150 countries including USA, Canada, Europe and others. Patents typically expire 20 years from their filing dates, if granted, the patent expiry may be extended by patent agencies and/or health regulatory authorities.

As of July 2025, we have a total of thirteen patent families covering the following areas:

If these patents applications are granted and all maintenance fees or annuities are paid, these patents are expected to expire in 2038. In some situations, the patent may be eligible for adjustment or extension of the patent terms due to delay in the patent office during the prosecution phase. The expiration date above does not include the adjustments or extensions.

The Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) is an international patent law treaty, which provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications to protect inventions in each of its member states. There are 151 member countries within the PCT, enabling near-global patent coverage through successful patent prosecution in the U.S., Japan, Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, China, Brazil, Russia, India and many other countries. We have several filed patent applications currently either in the provisional stage or PCT stage of review as shown above. None have been granted to date. We retain the full commercial rights to all of these patents with any exceptions noted in the above table.

Government Regulations

The research, development, testing, manufacture, quality control, packaging, labeling, storage, record-keeping, distribution, import, export, promotion, advertising, marketing, sale, and reimbursement of pharmaceutical products are extensively regulated by governmental authorities in the United States and other jurisdictions. The processes for obtaining regulatory approvals in the United States and in foreign countries and jurisdictions, along with compliance with applicable statutes and regulations and other requirements, both pre-approval and post-approval, require the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. The regulatory requirements applicable to product development, approval and marketing are subject to change, and regulations and administrative guidance often are revised or reinterpreted by the agencies in ways that may have a significant impact on our business.

Licensure and Regulation of Biological Products in the United States

In the United States, the FDA regulates human drugs under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the “FDCA”) and, in the case of biological products, also under the Public Health Service Act, and their implementing regulations. The failure to comply with the applicable U.S. requirements may result in the FDA’s refusal to approve any pending applications or delays in development and may subject an applicant to administrative or judicial sanctions, such as issuance of warning letters, or the imposition of fines, civil penalties, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, and injunctions and/or civil or criminal prosecution brought by the FDA and the U.S. Department of Justice or other governmental entities. The FDA must approve all product candidates, including the Product Candidates, for therapeutic indications before they may be marketed in the United States.

Other U.S. Healthcare Laws and Regulations

In the United States, biopharmaceutical manufacturers and their products are subject to extensive regulation at the federal and state level, such as laws intended to prevent fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry. These laws, some of which apply only to approved products, include: (i) federal false claims, false statements, and civil monetary penalties laws prohibiting, among other things, any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment of government funds or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to get a false claim paid; (ii) federal healthcare program anti-kickback law, which prohibits, among other things, persons from offering, soliciting, receiving, or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce either the referral of an individual for, or the purchasing or ordering of, a good or service for which payment may be made under federal healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid; (iii) the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), which, in addition to privacy protections applicable to healthcare providers and other entities, prohibits executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters; (iv) the FDCA, which among other things, strictly regulates marketing, prohibits manufacturers from marketing such products prior to approval or for off-label use, and regulates the distribution of samples; (v) federal laws that require pharmaceutical manufacturers to report certain calculated product prices to the government or provide certain discounts or rebates to government authorities or private entities, often as a condition of reimbursement under government healthcare programs; (vi) federal transparency law, which requires pharmaceutical companies to report certain payments to healthcare providers; (vii) state laws and regulations analogous to the above; and (viii) laws and regulations prohibiting bribery and corruption such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) (as defined below), which, among other things, prohibits U.S. companies and their employees and agents from authorizing, promising, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, corrupt or improper payments or anything else of value to foreign government officials, employees of public international organizations or foreign government-owned or affiliated entities, candidates for foreign public office, and foreign political parties or officials thereof. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions, including, in some instances, exclusion from participation in federal and state health care programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Ensuring compliance is time consuming and costly. Similar healthcare laws and regulations exist in the EU and other jurisdictions, including reporting requirements detailing interactions with and payments to healthcare providers and laws governing the privacy and security of personal information.

U.S. Privacy Law

In the U.S., there are numerous state and federal laws and regulations governing the security and privacy of personal information. Additionally, state and federal regulators have begun to pay more attention to companies’ data processing activities. At the state level, laws require companies to safeguard personal information and take action in the event of a data breach (e.g., notifying governmental authorities and data subjects). State attorney generals have been active in using their consumer protection authority to investigate companies’ data security practices. A number of states have passed laws governing data privacy and many others have similar legislation under consideration. Although many of these laws contain exceptions for certain health data, these exceptions are not comprehensive. All of these laws give rights to residents in their states and require businesses to take certain actions with respect to those rights (similar to the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) in effect in the EU, but with notable differences). At the federal level in the United States, the Federal Trade Commission has been active in using its Section 5 authority to bring enforcement actions against companies for deceptive or unreasonable data processing activities.