Avalon GloboCare Corp

NOTE 1 –ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Avalon GloboCare Corp. (the “Company” or “ALBT”) is a Delaware corporation. The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on July 28, 2014. On October 19, 2016, the Company entered into and closed a Share Exchange Agreement with the shareholders of Avalon Healthcare System, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“AHS”), each of which were accredited investors (“AHS Shareholders”), pursuant to which the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding securities of AHS in exchange for 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “AHS Acquisition”). AHS was incorporated on May 18, 2015 under the laws of the State of Delaware.

For accounting purposes, AHS was the surviving entity. The transaction was accounted for as a recapitalization of AHS, pursuant to which AHS was treated as the accounting acquirer, surviving and continuing entity although the Company was the legal acquirer. The Company did not recognize goodwill or any intangible assets in connection with this transaction. Accordingly, the Company’s historical financial statements are those of AHS and its wholly owned subsidiary, Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd. (“Avalon Shanghai”) immediately following the consummation of this reverse merger transaction. AHS owns 100% of the capital stock of Avalon Shanghai, which is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). Avalon Shanghai was incorporated on April 29, 2016 and was engaged in medical related consulting services for customers. Due to the winding down of the medical related consulting services in 2022, the Company decided to cease all operations of Avalon Shanghai and no longer has any material revenues or expenses in Avalon Shanghai. As a result, Avalon Shanghai is no longer an operating entity.

The Company is a commercial stage company dedicated to developing and delivering innovative, transformative, precision diagnostics and clinical laboratory services. The Company is establishing a leading role in the innovation of diagnostic testing, utilizing proprietary technology to deliver precise, genetics-driven results. The Company also provides laboratory services, offering a broad portfolio of diagnostic tests, including drug testing, toxicology, and a broad array of test services, from general bloodwork to anatomic pathology, and urine toxicology.

On February 7, 2017, the Company formed Avalon RT 9 Properties, LLC (“Avalon RT 9”), a New Jersey limited liability company. On May 5, 2017, Avalon RT 9 purchased a real property located in Township of Freehold, County of Monmouth, State of New Jersey, having a street address of 4400 Route 9 South, Freehold, NJ 07728. This property was purchased to serve as the Company’s world-wide headquarters for all corporate administration and operations. In addition, the property generates rental income. Avalon RT 9 owns this office building. Avalon RT 9’s business consists of the ownership and operation of the income-producing real estate property in New Jersey. As of December 31, 2023, the occupancy rate of the building is 89.4%.

On July 18, 2018, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Avactis Biosciences Inc. (“Avactis”), a Nevada corporation, which is a patent holding company. Commencing on April 6, 2022, the Company owns 60% of Avactis and Arbele Biotherapeutics Limited (“Arbele Biotherapeutics”) owns 40% of Avactis. Avactis owns 100% of the capital stock of Avactis Nanjing Biosciences Ltd., a company incorporated in the PRC on May 8, 2020 (“Avactis Nanjing”), which only owns a patent and is not considered an operating entity.

On October 14, 2022, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc. (“Avalon Lab”), a Delaware company. On February 9, 2023, Avalon Lab purchased forty percent (40%) of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Laboratory Services MSO, LLC, a private limited company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 6, 2019 (“Lab Services MSO”), and its subsidiaries. Lab Services MSO, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in providing laboratory testing services.

NOTE 1 –ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries which are included in these consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

NOTE 2 –BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND GOING CONCERN CONDITION

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for financial information.

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

NOTE 2 –BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND GOING CONCERN CONDITION (continued)

Going Concern

The Company is a commercial stage company dedicated to developing and delivering innovative, transformative, precision diagnostics and clinical laboratory services. The Company is establishing a leading role in the innovation of diagnostic testing, utilizing proprietary technology to deliver precise, genetics-driven results. The Company also provides laboratory services through its 40% equity investment in Lab Services MSO, offering a broad portfolio of diagnostic tests, including drug testing, toxicology, and a broad array of test services, from general bloodwork to anatomic pathology, and urine toxicology. In addition, the Company owns commercial real estate that houses its headquarters in Freehold, New Jersey. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company had a working capital deficit of approximately $5,912,000 at December 31, 2023 and had incurred recurring net losses and generated negative cash flow from operating activities of approximately $16,707,000 and $6,505,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company has a limited operating history and its continued growth is dependent upon the continuation of generating rental revenue from its income-producing real estate property in New Jersey and income from equity method investment through its forty percent (40%) interest in Lab Services MSO and obtaining additional financing to fund future obligations and pay liabilities arising from normal business operations. In addition, the current cash balance cannot be projected to cover the operating expenses for the next twelve months from the release date of this report. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to raise additional capital, implement its business plan, and generate significant revenues. There are no assurances that the Company will be successful in its efforts to generate significant revenues, maintain sufficient cash balance or report profitable operations or to continue as a going concern. The Company plans on raising capital through the sale of equity to implement its business plan. However, there is no assurance these plans will be realized and that any additional financings will be available to the Company on satisfactory terms and conditions, if any.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability or classification of asset-carrying amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

NOTE 3 –SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Changes in these estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Significant estimates during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 include the useful life of property and equipment, investment in real estate, and intangible assets, the assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-term assets, the valuation of deferred tax assets and the associated valuation allowances, the valuation of stock-based compensation, the assumptions used to determine fair value of warrants and embedded conversion features of convertible note payable, and the fair value of the consideration given and assets acquired in the purchase of 40% of Lab Services MSO.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The Company adopted the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify theinputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, primarily due to their short-term nature.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.* *Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on an ongoing basis. These assets and liabilities include derivative liability.

Derivative liability. Derivative liability is carried at fair value and measured on an ongoing basis. The table below reflects the activity of derivative liability measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. These assets and liabilities can include equipment held for sale and equity method investment that are written down to fair value when they are impaired.

*Equipment held for sale.*The Company conducted an impairment assessment on the equipment held for sale based on the guidelines established in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 360 to determine the estimated fair market value of the equipment as of December 31, 2022. Upon completion of its 2022 impairment analysis, the Company determined that the carrying value exceeded the fair market value on equipment which was held for sale. The fair market value of equipment held for sale is a level 3 valuation. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $22,285 for the years ended December 31, 2022.

Equity method investment in Epicon Biotech Co., Ltd. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, the investee’s series of operating losses and the joint venture partner unable to obtain funds to commence operations. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs. Impairment of equity method investment in Epicon Biotech Co., Ltd. for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $454,679.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Equity method investment in**Laboratory Services MSO, LLCThe factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs. Impairment of equity method investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $9,196,682.

ASC 825-10 “Financial Instruments”, allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Credit Risk and Uncertainties

A portion of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC. Balances at state-owned banks within the PRC are covered by insurance up to RMB 500,000 (approximately $71,000) per bank. Any balance over RMB 500,000 per bank in PRC will not be covered. At December 31, 2023, cash balances held in the PRC are RMB 36,827 (approximately $5,000), which was covered by such insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts.

The Company maintains a portion of its cash on deposits with bank and financial institution within the U.S. that at times may exceed federally-insured limits of $250,000. The Company manages this credit risk by concentrating its cash balances in high quality financial institutions and by periodically evaluating the credit quality of the primary financial institutions holding such deposits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such bank accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. At December 31, 2023, there were no balances in excess of the federally-insured limits.

The Company’s concentrations of credit risk with respect to its rent receivable is limited due to short-term payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its tenants to help further reduce credit risk.

Rent Receivable and Reserve for Credit Losses

Rent receivable is presented net of reserve for credit losses. Rent receivable balance consists of base rents, tenant reimbursements and receivables arising from straight-lining of rents represent amounts accrued and unpaid from tenants in accordance with the terms of the respective leases, subject to the Company’s revenue recognition policy. A reverse for the uncollectible portion of rent receivable is determined based upon an analysis of the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in Freehold, New Jersey in which the property is located.

Management believes that the rent receivable is fully collectable. Therefore, no material reverse for credit losses is deemed to be required on its rent receivable at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs consist of legal, accounting and other costs that are directly related to the Company’s open market sale equity financing and will be charged to stockholders’ equity upon the completion of the equity offering. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, deferred offering costs amounted to $175,136 and $174,107, of which $175,136 and $34,821 were included in prepaid expense and other current assets and $0 and $139,286 were included in other non-current assets, respectively.

Deferred Leasing Costs

Costs incurred to obtain tenant leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the related lease agreement. Such costs include lease incentives and leasing commissions. If the lease is terminated early, the remaining unamortized deferred leasing cost is written off.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the period of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.

Investment In Real Estate and Depreciation

Investment in real estate is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, and consists of building and improvement. The Company depreciates real estate building and improvement on a straight-line basis over estimated useful life. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditure for improvements, renovations, and replacements of real estate asset is capitalized and depreciated over its estimated useful life if the expenditure qualifies as betterment.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred impairment charges in operations of $22,285 on the laboratory equipment. The valuations of the laboratory equipment, and the amounts of the impairment charge, were based on impairment assessments conducted on the equipment held for sale at December 31, 2022.

Investment in Unconsolidated Companies

The Company uses the equity method of accounting for its investments in, and earning or loss of, companies that it does not control but over which it does exert significant influence. The Company considers whether the fair values of its equity method investments have declined below their carrying values whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable. If the Company considers any decline to be other than temporary (based on various factors, including historical financial results and the overall health of the investee), then a write-down would be recorded to estimated fair value. Impairment of equity method investment amounted to $9,651,361 and$0 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 7 for discussion of equity method investments.

Deferred Rental Income

Deferred rental income represents rental income collected but not earned as of the reporting date. The Company defers the revenue related to lease payments received from tenants in advance of their due dates. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, deferred rental income totaled $11,429 and $27,685, respectively, which were included in accrued liabilities and other payables on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Real Property Rental Revenue

The Company has determined that ASC 606 does not apply to rental contracts, which are within the scope of other revenue recognition accounting standards.

Rental income from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis under the guidance of ASC 842. Lease payments under tenant leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases. The cumulative difference between lease revenue recognized under the straight-line method and contractual lease payments are included in account receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company does not offer promotional payments, customer coupons, rebates or other cash redemption offers to its customers.

Office Lease

When a lease contains “rent holidays”, the Company records rental expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The Company begins recording rent expense on the lease possession date.

Real Property Operating Expenses

Real property operating expenses consist of property management fees, property insurance, real estate taxes, depreciation, repairs and maintenance fees, utilities and other expenses related to the Company’s rental properties.

Research and Development

Expenditures for research and product development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred research and development expense of $109,618 and $731,328 in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Advertising and Marketing Costs

All costs related to advertising and marketing are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, advertising and marketing costs amounted to $1,666,721 and $1,325,313, respectively.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation awards in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees and non-employees including grants of stock options, to be recognized as expense in the statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. The Company estimates the grant date fair value of each option award using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

The Company periodically issues common stock and common stock options to consultants for various services. Costs of these transactions are measured at the fair value of the service received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of the common stock is measured at the earlier of (i) the date at which a firm commitment for performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is reached or (ii) the date at which the counterparty’s performance is complete.

Income Taxes

The Company is governed by the income tax laws of China and the United States. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset/liability method prescribed by ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company follows the accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes using the provisions of ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. Using that guidance, the benefit for tax positions taken can only be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions which would require either recognition of a liability or disclosure in the financial statements. For United States entities, tax year that remains subject to examination is the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020. For China entities, income tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2023 remain open for statutory examination by PRC tax authorities. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to significant uncertain income tax positions in income tax expense. However, no such interest and penalties were recorded as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Foreign Currency Translation

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the parent company, AHS, Avalon RT 9, and Avalon Lab is the U.S. dollar and the functional currency of Avalon Shanghai is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). For Avalon Shanghai whose functional currency is the RMB, result of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income/loss. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred. All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency of the operating subsidiaries. The Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the results of operations of the Company.

Asset and liability accounts at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were translated at 7.0786 RMB and 6.8979 RMB to $1.00, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. Equity accounts were stated at their historical rates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were 7.0752 RMB and 6.7309 RMB to $1.00, respectively. Cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies using the average translation rate.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and all changes to the statements of equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders. For the Company, comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of net loss and unrealized loss from foreign currency translation adjustment.

Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters. Liabilities for such contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

Per Share Data

ASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, common stock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuable upon the conversion of convertible preferred stock and convertible note (using the if-converted method) and exercise of common stock options and warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding as they would have had an anti-dilutive impact.

The following table summarizes the securities that were excluded from the diluted per share calculation because the effect of including these potential shares was antidilutive:

Noncontrolling Interest

As of December 31, 2023, Dr. Yu Zhou, former director and former Co-Chief Executive Officer of Genexosome, who owns 40% of the equity interests of Genexosome, which is not under the Company’s control. Since the fourth quarter of 2019, the non-controlling interest has remained inactive.

Segment Reporting

The Company uses “the management approach” in determining reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company’s reportable segments. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and president of the Company, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company operated intwo reportable business segments - (1) the real property operating segment, and (2) the medical related consulting services segment. These reportable segments offer different services and products, have different types of revenue, and are managed separately as each requires different operating strategies and management expertise. Due to the winding down of the medical related consulting services segment in 2022, the Company decided to cease all operations of this segment and no longer has any material revenues or expenses in this segment. As a result, commencing from the first quarter of 2023, the Company’s chief operating decision maker no longer reviews medical related consulting services operating results.

On February 9, 2023, the Company purchased 40% of Lab Services MSO. Commencing from the purchase date, February 9, 2023, the Company is active in the management of Lab Services MSO. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company operated in two reportable business segments: (1) the real property operating segment, and (2) laboratory testing services segment (which commenced with the purchase date, February 9, 2023) since Lab Services MSO’s operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to determine the resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance. The Company regularly reviews the operating results and performance of Lab Services MSO, for which the Company accounts for under the equity method.

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Fiscal Year End

The Company has adopted a fiscal year end of December 31st.

Reverse Stock Split

The Company effected a one-for-ten reverse stock split of its outstanding shares of common stock on January 5, 2023. The reverse split did not change the number of authorized shares of common stock or par value. All references in these consolidated financial statements to shares, share prices, exercise prices, and other per share information in all periods have been adjusted, on a retroactive basis, to reflect the reverse stock split.

Recent Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“Topic 326”). The ASU introduces a new accounting model, the Current Expected Credit Losses model (“CECL”), which requires earlier recognition of credit losses and additional disclosures related to credit risk. The CECL model utilizes a lifetime expected credit loss measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual period beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The adoption of this new guidance did not have any material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which amends the accounting related to contract assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations. ASU 2021-08 requires that entities recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendment. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of this new guidance did not have any material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to disclosure regarding rate reconciliation and income taxes paid both in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements disclosures.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent pronouncements that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.

NOTE 4 –PREPAID EXPENSE AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, prepaid expense and other current assets consisted of the following:

NOTE 5 –PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, property and equipment consisted of the following:

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense of property and equipment amounted to $43,037 and $162,040, respectively, of which, $7,221 and $2,987 was included in real property operating expenses, $417 and $825 was included in other operating expenses, and $35,399 and $158,228 was included in research and development expense, respectively.

NOTE 6 –INVESTMENT IN REAL ESTATE

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, investment in real estate consisted of the following:

For both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense of this commercial real property amounted to $168,683, which was included in real property operating expenses.

NOTE 7 –EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS

Investment in Epicon Biotech Co., Ltd.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the equity method investment in Epicon Biotech Co., Ltd. (“Epicon”) amounted to $0 and $485,008, respectively. The investment represents the Company’s subsidiary, Avalon Shanghai’s interest in Epicon. Epicon was incorporated on August 14, 2018 in PRC. Avalon Shanghai and an unrelated company, Jiangsu Unicorn Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (“Unicorn”), have an ownership interest in Epicon of 40% and 60%, respectively. Epicon is focused on cell preparation, third party testing, biological sample repository for commercial and scientific research purposes and clinical transformation of scientific achievements. The Company is not involved in the management of Epicon. Therefore, it is a passive investment.

In June 2023, the Company assessed its equity method investment in Epicon for any impairment and concluded that there were indicators of impairment as of June 30, 2023. The impairment is due to the Company’s conclusion that it will be unable to recover the carrying amount of the investment due to the investee’s series of operating losses and the inability of Avalon Shanghai’s joint venture partner (Unicorn) to obtain adequate funding to commence operations. The Company calculated that the estimated undiscounted cash flows were less than the carrying amount related to the equity method investment. The Company has recognized an impairment loss of $454,679 related to the equity method investment for the year ended December 31, 2023, which reduced the investment value to zero.

Under the equity method, if there is a commitment for the Company to fund the losses of its equity method investees, the Company would continue to record its share of losses resulting in a negative equity method investment, which would be presented as a liability on the consolidated balance sheets. Commitments may be explicit and may include formal guarantees, legal obligations, or arrangements by contract. Implicit commitments may arise from reputational expectations, intercompany relationships, statements by the Company of its intention to provide support, a history of providing financial support or other facts and circumstances. When the Company has no commitment to fund the losses of its equity method investees, the carrying value of its equity method investments will not be reduced below zero. The Company has no commitment to fund additional losses of its equity method investments.

Investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC

On February 9, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into and closed an Amended and Restated Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Amended MIPA”), by and among Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Buyer”), SCBC Holdings LLC (the “Seller”), the Zoe Family Trust, Bryan Cox and Sarah Cox as individuals (each an “Owner” and collectively, the “Owners”), and Laboratory Services MSO, LLC.

Pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Amended MIPA, the Buyer acquired from the Seller, forty percent (40%) of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Lab Services MSO (the “Purchased Interests”). The consideration paid by Buyer to Seller for the Purchased Interests consisted of $20,666,667, which was comprised of(i) $9,000,000 in cash, (ii) $11,000,000 pursuant to the issuance of 11,000 shares of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), stated value $1,000 (the “Series B Stated Value”), which approximated the fair value, and (iii) a $666,667 cash payment on February 9, 2024. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to $3.78, which approximated the market price at the date of closing, or an aggregate of 2,910,053 shares of the Company’s common stock, which are subject to a lock-up period and restrictions on sale (See Note 14 — Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Issued for Equity Method Investment).

NOTE 7 –EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS (continued)

Investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC (continued)

Lab Services MSO, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in providing laboratory testing services. Avalon Lab and an unrelated company, have an ownership interest in Lab Services MSO of 40% and 60%, respectively.

In accordance with ASC 810, the Company determined that Lab Services MSO does not qualify as a Variable Interest Entity, nor does it have a controlling financial interest over the legal entity. However, the Company determined that it does have significant influence as a result of its board representation. Therefore, the Company treats the equity investment in the consolidated financial statements under the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost, adjusted for any excess of the Company’s share of the purchased-date fair values of the investee’s identifiable net assets over the cost of the investment (if any). At February 9, 2023 (date of investment), the excess of the Company’s share of the fair values of the investee’s identifiable net assets over the cost of the investment was approximately $19,460,000 which was attributable to intangible assets and goodwill. Thereafter, the investment is adjusted for the post purchase change in the Company’s share of the investee’s net assets and any impairment loss relating to the investment.

Intangible assets consist of the valuation of identifiable intangible assets acquired, representing trade names and customers relationships, which are being amortized on a straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 15 years. The straight-line method of amortization represents the Company’s best estimate of the distribution of the economic value of the identifiable intangible assets.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of net assets acquired in the business acquisition of Lab Services MSO incurred on February 9, 2023. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at December 31, 2023.

In December 2023, the Company assessed its equity method investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC for any impairment and concluded that there were indicators of impairment as of December 31, 2023. The Company calculated that the estimated undiscounted cash flows of goodwill were less than the carrying amount of goodwill related to the equity method investment. The Company has recognized an impairment loss of $9,196,682 related to the equity method investment for the year ended December 31, 2023.

For the period from February 9, 2023 (date of investment) through December 31, 2023, the Company’s share of Lab Services MSO’s net income was $625,035, which was included in income from equity method investment — Lab Services MSO in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

In the year ended December 31, 2023, activity recorded for the Company’s equity method investment in Lab Services MSO is summarized in the following table:

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s carrying value of the identified intangible assets and goodwill which are included in the equity investment carrying amount was $9,392,644 and $259,579, respectively.

The tables below present the summarized financial information, as provided to the Company by the investee, for the unconsolidated company:

NOTE 7 –EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS (continued)

Investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC (continued)

NOTE 8 –ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLES

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:

NOTE 9 –CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE

2022 Convertible Note

On March 28, 2022, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreement with an accredited investor, which was amended on June 8, 2022, providing for the sale by the Company to the investor of a Convertible Note in the amount of $3,718,943 (“2022 Convertible Note”). In addition to the 2022 Convertible Note, the investor also received a Stock Purchase Warrant (“2022 Warrant”) to acquire an aggregate of 123,964 shares of common stock. The 2022 Warrant is exercisable forfive years at an exercise price of $12.5. The financing closed with respect to:

As a result of each of the closings, the Company issued the investor a 2022 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $2,669,522 and a 2022 Warrant to acquire 88,984 shares of common stock dated April 15, 2022, a 2022 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $659,581 and a 2022 Warrant to acquire 21,986 shares of common stock dated April 29, 2022, a 2022 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $199,840 and a 2022 Warrant to acquire 6,661 shares of common stock dated May 18, 2022, and a 2022 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $190,000 and a 2022 Warrant to acquire 6,333 shares of common stock dated May 25, 2022.

Interest accrued on the principal amount at 1.0% per annum. The investor may elect to convert all or part of the 2022 Convertible Note, plus accrued interest, at any time into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price equal to 95% of the average of the highest three trading prices for the common stock during the 20-trading day period ending one trading day prior to the conversion date but in no event will the conversion price be lower than $0.75 per share.

2022 Convertible Note (continued)

The investor agreed to restrict its ability to convert the 2022 Convertible Note and exercise the 2022 Warrant and receive shares of common stock such that the number of shares of common stock held by the investor after such conversion or exercise does not exceed 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Further, the investor agreed to not sell or transfer any or all of the shares of common stock underlying the 2022 Convertible Note or the 2022 Warrant for a period of 90 days beginning on the closing date (the “Lock-Up Period”). Following the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, the investor has agreed to limit its sale or transfer of such shares of common stock to a maximum monthly amount equal to 20% of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the 2022 Convertible Note. The Company agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to file a registration statement on Form S-3 (or other appropriate form) providing for the resale by the investor of the shares of common stock underlying the 2022 Convertible Note and the 2022 Warrant.

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to the investor with this private placement were classified as equity in additional paid in-capital.

In accordance with ASC 470-20-25-2, proceeds from the sale of a debt instrument with stock purchase warrants are allocated to the two elements based on the relative fair values of the debt instrument without the warrants and of the warrants themselves at time of issuance. The portion of the proceeds so allocated to the warrants are accounted for as additional paid-in capital. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the debt instrument portion of the transaction.

The fair values of the warrants issued to the investor with this private placement were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: volatility of 111.94%, risk-free rate of 2.71% -2.92%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

In accordance with ASC 480-10-25-14, the Company determined that the conversion provisions contain an embedded derivative feature and the Company valued the derivative feature separately, and recorded debt discount and derivative liabilities in accordance with the provisions of the convertible debt (see Note 10). The Company calculated the fair value of conversion option at the commitment dates using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following assumptions: volatility of 95.97%, risk-free rate of 2.75% -2.89%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 10 years.

The warrants issued to the investor to purchase 123,964 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at $498,509 and had been amortized over the term of the 2022 Convertible Note. Additionally, the fair value of embedded conversion option at commitment dates, which was valued at $2,782,569, was recorded as a discount on the convertible note payable and had been amortized over the term of the 2022 Convertible Note. Hence, in connection with the issuance of the 2022 Convertible Note and 2022 Warrant, the Company recorded a total debt discount of $3,281,078, which had been amortized over the term of the convertible note payable.

On July 25, 2022, the Company and the investor entered into a Conversion Agreement (“Conversion Agreement”) pursuant to which the investor converted all of its Convertible Notes in the principal amount of $3,718,943 and unpaid interest of $9,751 into 573,645 shares of common stock of the Company at a per share price of $6.5 (see Note 14 - Common Shares Issued for Debt Conversion). The Company recorded a conversion inducement charge of $344,264 as a result of the Conversion Agreement, representing the value of common stock issued upon conversion in excess of the common stock issuable under the original terms of the 2022 Convertible Note.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, amortization of debt discount and interest expense related to the 2022 Convertible Note amounted to $3,281,078 and $9,751, which have been included in interest expense – amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost and interest expense – other, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

May 2023 Convertible Note

On May 23, 2023, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (“Mast Hill”) for the issuance of 13.0% senior secured promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,500,000 (collectively, the “May 2023 Convertible Note”) convertible into shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company, as well as the issuance of 75,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of 230,500 shares of common stock of the Company. The Company and its subsidiaries have also entered into a security agreement, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of the Company’s obligations under the May 2023 Convertible Note. Principal amount and interest under the May 2023 Convertible Note are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $4.50 per share unless the Company fails to make an amortization payment when due, in which case the conversion price shall be the lower of $4.50 or the trading price of the shares, subject to a floor of $1.50.

Mast Hill acquired the May 2023 Convertible Note with principal amount of $1,500,000 and paid the purchase price of $1,425,000 after an original issue discount of $75,000. On May 23, 2023, the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 105,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, and (iii)75,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee for the purchase of the May 2023 Convertible Note, which were earned in full as of May 23, 2023. On May 23, 2023, the Company delivered such duly executed May 2023 Convertible Note, warrants and common stock to Mast Hill against delivery of such purchase price.

The Company is obligated to make amortization payments in cash to Mast Hill towards the repayment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, as provided in the following table:

In connection with the issuance of the May 2023 Convertible Note, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $175,162 (including the issuance of 10,000 warrants as a finder’s fee) which is capitalized and will be amortized into interest expense over the term of the May 2023 Convertible Note.

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Mast Hill and a third party as a finder’s fee met the definition of a derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 105,500 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 was classified as derivative liability on May 23, 2023. The fair values of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued on May 23, 2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.96, volatility of 88.80%, risk-free rate of 3.76%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

In accordance with ASC 470-20-25-2, proceeds from the sale of a debt instrument with stock purchase warrants are allocated to the two elements based on the relative fair values of the debt instrument without the warrants and of the warrants themselves at time of issuance. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the warrants are accounted for as derivative liability. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the debt instrument portion of the transaction.

May 2023 Convertible Note (continued)

In accordance with ASC 480-10-25-14, the Company determined that the conversion provisions contain an embedded derivative feature and the Company valued the derivative feature separately, recording debt discount and derivative liability in accordance with the provisions of the convertible debt (see Note 10). However, management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the embedded conversion feature has been estimated to be zero.

The Company recorded a total debt discount of $349,654 related to the original issue discount, common shares issued and warrants issued to Mast Hill, which will be amortized over the term of the May 2023 Convertible Note.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs and interest expense related to the May 2023 Convertible Note amounted to $307,123 and $115,450, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost and interest expense — other on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

July2023 Convertible Note

On July 6, 2023, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC (“Firstfire”) for the issuance of 13.0% senior secured promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $500,000 (collectively, the “July 2023 Convertible Note”) convertible into shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company, as well as the issuance of 25,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of 76,830 shares of common stock of the Company. The Company and its subsidiaries have also entered into a security agreement, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of the Company’s obligations under the July 2023 Convertible Note. Principal amount and interest under the July 2023 Convertible Note are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $4.50 per share unless the Company fails to make an amortization payment when due, in which case the conversion price shall be the lower of $4.50 or the trading price of the shares, subject to a floor of $1.50.

Firstfire acquired the July 2023 Convertible Note with principal amount of $500,000 and paid the purchase price of $475,000 after an original issue discount of $25,000. On July 6, 2023, the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 41,665 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 35,165 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, and (iii)25,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee for the purchase of the July 2023 Convertible Note, which were earned in full as of July 6, 2023. On July 6, 2023, the Company delivered such duly executed July 2023 Convertible Note, warrants and common stock to Firstfire against delivery of such purchase price.

The Company is obligated to make amortization payments in cash to Firstfire towards the repayment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, as provided in the following table:

In connection with the issuance of the July 2023 Convertible Note, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $74,204 (including the issuance of 3,333 warrants as a finder’s fee), which is capitalized and will be amortized into interest expense over the term of the July 2023 Convertible Note.

July2023 Convertible Note (continued)

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee meet the definition of a derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 35,165 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 was classified as a derivative liability on July 6, 2023. The fair values of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued on July 6, 2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.42, volatility of 88.52%, risk-free rate of 4.37%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

In accordance with ASC 470-20-25-2, proceeds from the sale of a debt instrument with stock purchase warrants are allocated to the two elements based on the relative fair values of the debt instrument without the warrants and of the warrants themselves at time of issuance. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the warrants are accounted for as derivative liability. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the debt instrument portion of the transaction.

In accordance with ASC 480-10-25-14, the Company determined that the conversion provisions contain an embedded derivative feature and the Company valued the derivative feature separately, recording debt discount and derivative liability in accordance with the provisions of the convertible debt (see Note 10). However, management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the embedded conversion feature has been estimated to be zero.

The Company recorded a total debt discount of $89,191 related to the original issue discount, common shares issued and warrants issued to Firstfire, which will be amortized over the term of the July 2023 Convertible Note.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs and interest expense related to the July 2023 Convertible Note amounted to $78,974 and $31,164, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost and interest expense — other on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

October 2023 Convertible Note

On October 9, 2023, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with Mast Hill and Firstfire for the issuance of 13.0% senior secured promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $700,000 (collectively, the “October 2023 Convertible Note”) convertible into shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company, as well as the issuance of 70,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of 192,500 shares of common stock of the Company. The Company and its subsidiaries have entered into that certain security agreements, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of the Company’s obligations under the October 2023 Convertible Note. Principal amount and interest under the October 2023 Convertible Note are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $1.50 per share unless the Company fails to make an amortization payment when due, in which case the conversion price shall be the lower of $1.50 or the market price (as defined in the October 2023 Convertible Note) of the shares.

Mast Hill acquired the October 2023 Convertible Note with principal amount of $350,000 and paid the purchase price of $332,500 after an original issue discount of $17,500. On October 9, 2023, the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 52,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 43,750 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, and (iii)35,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee for the purchase of the October 2023 Convertible Note, which were earned in full as of October 9, 2023. On October 9, 2023, the Company delivered such duly executed October 2023 Convertible Note, warrants and common stock to Mast Hill against delivery of such purchase price.

October 2023 Convertible Note (continued)

The Company is obligated to make amortization payments in cash to Mast Hill towards the repayment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, as provided in the following table:

Firstfire acquired the October 2023 Convertible Note with principal amount of $350,000 and paid the purchase price of $332,500 after an original issue discount of $17,500. On October 9, 2023, the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 52,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 43,750 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, and (iii)35,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee for the purchase of the October 2023 Convertible Note, which were earned in full as of October 9, 2023. On October 9, 2023, the Company delivered such duly executed October 2023 Convertible Note, warrants and common stock to Firstfire against delivery of such purchase price.

The Company is obligated to make amortization payments in cash to Firstfire towards the repayment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, as provided in the following table:

In connection with the issuance of the October 2023 Convertible Note, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $95,349 (including the issuance of 8,400 warrants as a finder’s fee), which is capitalized and will be amortized into interest expense over the term of the October 2023 Convertible Note.

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Mast Hill and Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee meet the definition of a derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 87,500 warrants with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 was classified as a derivative liability on October 9, 2023. The fair values of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued on October 9, 2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.77, volatility of 89.70%, risk-free rate of 4.75%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

October 2023 Convertible Note (continued)

In accordance with ASC 470-20-25-2, proceeds from the sale of a debt instrument with stock purchase warrants are allocated to the two elements based on the relative fair values of the debt instrument without the warrants and of the warrants themselves at time of issuance. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the warrants are accounted for as derivative liability. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the debt instrument portion of the transaction.

In accordance with ASC 480-10-25-14, the Company determined that the conversion provisions contain an embedded derivative feature and the Company valued the derivative feature separately, recording debt discount and derivative liability in accordance with the provisions of the convertible debt (see Note 10). However, management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the embedded conversion feature has been estimated to be zero.

The Company recorded a total debt discount of $128,748 related to the original issue discount, common shares issued and warrants issued to Mast Hill and Firstfire, which will be amortized over the term of the October 2023 Convertible Note.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs and interest expense related to the October 2023 Convertible Note amounted to $51,356 and $20,444, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost and interest expense — other on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

NOTE 10 –DERIVATIVE LIABILITY

As stated in Note 9, 2022 Convertible Note, the Company determined that the convertible note payable contained an embedded derivative feature in the form of a conversion provision which was adjustable based on future prices of the Company’s common stock. In accordance with ASC 815-10-25, each derivative feature was initially recorded at its fair value using the Black-Scholes option valuation method and then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations.

The estimated fair value of the derivative feature of convertible debt was $2,782,569 at commitment dates, which was calculated using the following assumptions: volatility of 95.97%, risk-free rate of 2.75% -2.89%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 10 years. On July 25, 2022, the Company and the 2022 Convertible Note holder entered into a Conversion Agreement pursuant to which the investor converted all of its Convertible Notes into shares of common stock of the Company. The estimated fair value of the derivative feature of convertible debt was $2,181,820 on July 25, 2022, which was computed using the following assumptions: volatility of 95.53%, risk-free rate of 2.81%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 9.7 –9.8 years.

Increases or decreases in fair value of the derivative liability is included as a component of total other (expenses) income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The change to the derivative liability for the embedded conversion option resulted in a decrease of $600,749 in the derivative liability and the corresponding increase in other income as a gain for the year ended December 31, 2022.

As stated in Note 9, May 2023 Convertible Note, July 2023 Convertible Note, and October 2023 Convertible Note, the Company determined that the convertible note payable contains an embedded derivative feature in the form of a conversion provision which is adjustable based on future prices of the Company’s common stock. In accordance with ASC 815-10-25, each derivative feature is initially recorded at its fair value using the Black-Scholes option valuation method and then re-value at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. However, on May 23, 2023, July 6, 2023, October 9, 2023, and December 31, 2023, management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the embedded conversion feature has been estimated to be zero.

On May 23, 2023, the Company issued 240,500 warrants to Mast Hill and a third party as a finder’s fee (see Note 9). Upon evaluation, the warrants meet the definition of a derivative liability under FASB ASC 815, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 105,500 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 was classified as a derivative liability on May 23, 2023.

NOTE 10 –DERIVATIVE LIABILITY (continued)

On May 23, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.96, volatility of 88.80%, risk-free rate of 3.76%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

On December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 as derivative liability was $14,805. The estimated fair value of the warrants was computed as of December 31, 2023 using Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.48, volatility of 83.96%, risk-free rate of 3.84%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 4.4 years.

On July 6, 2023, the Company issued 80,163 warrants to Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee (see Note 9). Upon evaluation, the warrants meet the definition of a derivative liability under FASB ASC 815, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 35,165 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 was classified as a derivative liability on July 6, 2023.

On July 6, 2023, the estimated fair values of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.42, volatility of 88.52%, risk-free rate of 4.37%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

On December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 as derivative liability was $5,098. The estimated fair value of the warrants was computed as of December 31, 2023 using Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.48, volatility of 83.66%, risk-free rate of 3.84%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 4.5 years.

On October 9, 2023, the Company issued 200,900 warrants to Mast Hill and Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee (see Note 9). Upon evaluation, the warrants meet the definition of a derivative liability under FASB ASC 815, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 87,500 warrants with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to bezero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 was classified as a derivative liability on October 9, 2023.

On October 9, 2023, the estimated fair values of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.77, volatility of 89.70%, risk-free rate of 4.75%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

On December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 as derivative liability was $20,920. The estimated fair value of the warrants was computed as of December 31, 2023 using Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.48, volatility of 86.33%, risk-free rate of 3.84%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 4.8 years.

Increases or decreases in fair value of the derivative liability is included as a component of total other (expenses) income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The changes to the derivative liability resulted in a decrease of $188,374 in the derivative liability and the corresponding increase in other income as a gain for the year ended December 31, 2023.

NOTE 11 –NOTE PAYABLE, NET

On September 1, 2022, the Company issued a balloon promissory note in the form of a mortgage on its headquarters to a third party company in the principal amount of $4,800,000, which carries interest of 11.0% per annum. Interest is due in monthly payments of $44,000 beginning November 1, 2022 and payable monthly thereafter until September 1, 2025 when the principal outstanding and all remaining interest is due. The principal of $4,800,000 can be extended for an additional 36 months, provided that the Company has not defaulted. The Company may not prepay the principal of $4,800,00 for a period of 12 months. The principal of $4,800,000 is secured by a first mortgage on the Company’s real property located in Township of Freehold, County of Monmouth, State of New Jersey, having a street address of 4400 Route 9 South, Freehold, NJ 07728.

NOTE 11 –NOTE PAYABLE, NET (continued)

In May 2023, the Company borrowed $1,000,000 from the same lender. The principal of $1,000,000 accrues interest at an annual rate of 13.0% and is payable in monthly installments of interest-only in the amount of $10,833, commencing in June 2023 and continuing through October 2025 (at which point any unpaid balance of principal, interest and other charges are due and payable). The loan is secured by a second-lien mortgage on certain real property and improvements located at 4400 Route 9, Freehold, Monmouth County, New Jersey.

The note payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, amortization of debt issuance costs related to note payable amounted to $106,557 and $29,606, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, interest expense related to note payable amounted to $606,722 and $176,000, respectively, which have been included in interest expense - other on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

NOTE 12 –RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Rental Revenue from Related Party and Rent Receivable – Related Party

The Company leases space of its commercial real property located in New Jersey to a company, D.P. Capital Investments LLC, which is controlled by Wenzhao Lu, the Company’s largest shareholder and chairman of the Board of Directors. The term of the related party lease agreement is five years commencing on May 1, 2021 and will expire on April 30, 2026.

For both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related party rental revenue amounted to $50,400 and has been included in rental revenue on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related party rent receivable totaled $124,500 and $74,100, respectively, which has been included in rent receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and no allowance for doubtful accounts was deemed to be required on the receivable.

Services Provided by Related Party

From time to time, Wilbert Tauzin, a director of the Company, and his son provide consulting services to the Company. As compensation for professional services provided, the Company recognized consulting expenses of $86,528 and $144,064 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which have been included in professional fees on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables – Related Parties

In 2017, the Company acquired Beijing Genexosome for a cash payment of $450,000. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the unpaid acquisition consideration of $100,000, was payable to Dr. Yu Zhou, former director and former co-chief executive officer and 40% owner of Genexosome, and has been included in accrued liabilities and other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

During the period from June 2023 through December 2023, Lab Services MSO paid shared expense on behalf of the Company. As of December 31, 2023, the balance due to Lab Services MSO amounted to $72,746, which has been included in accrued liabilities and other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $33,712 and $0 of accrued and unpaid interest related to borrowings from Wenzhao Lu, the Company’s largest shareholder and chairman of the Board of Directors, respectively, have been included in accrued liabilities and other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

NOTE 12 –RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)

Borrowings from Related Party

Line of Credit

On August 29, 2019, the Company entered into a Line of Credit Agreement (the “Line of Credit Agreement”) providing the Company with a $20 million line of credit (the “Line of Credit”) from Wenzhao Lu (the “Lender”), the largest shareholder and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Line of Credit allows the Company to request loans thereunder and to use the proceeds of such loans for working capital and operating expense purposes until the facility matures on December 31, 2024. The loans are unsecured and are not convertible into equity of the Company. Loans drawn under the Line of Credit bear interest at an annual rate of 5% and each individual loan is payable three years from the date of issuance. The Company has a right to draw down on the line of credit and not at the discretion of the related party Lender. The Company may, at its option, prepay any borrowings under the Line of Credit, in whole or in part at any time prior to maturity, without premium or penalty. The Line of Credit Agreement includes customary events of default. If any such event of default occurs, the Lender may declare all outstanding loans under the Line of Credit to be due and payable immediately.

In the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, activity recorded for the Line of Credit is summarized in the following table:

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the interest expense related to related party borrowings amounted to $33,712 and $79,898, respectively, and has been reflected as interest expense — related party on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related accrued and unpaid interest for Line of Credit was $33,712 and $0, respectively, and has been included in accrued liabilities and other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company used approximately $6.8 million of the credit facility and has approximately $13.2 million remaining available under the Line of Credit.

Common Shares Sold to Related Party for Cash

On August 5, 2022, the Company sold 44,872 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $7.8 per share, the fair market value on transaction date, to Wenzhao Lu pursuant to a subscription agreement. The Company received proceeds of $350,000 (See Note 14 – Common Shares Sold for Cash).

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Sold to Related Party for Cash

On December 14, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Wenzhao Lu, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, pursuant to which the Company sold to Mr. Lu 4,000 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock, stated value $1,000, for the gross proceeds of $4,000,000 (See Note 14 – Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Sold for Cash).

NOTE 12 –RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)

Membership Interest Purchase Agreement

On November 17, 2023, the Company entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Wenzhao Lu (the “Purchaser”), the largest shareholder and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, pursuant to which (i) the Purchaser will acquire from the Company 30% of the total outstanding membership interests of Avalon RT 9, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company for a cash purchase price of $3,000,000 (the “Acquisition”), and (ii) for a period of twelve months following the closing of the Acquisition, the Purchaser shall have the option to purchase from the Company up to an additional 70% of the outstanding membership interests of Avalon RT 9 for a purchase price of up to $7,000,000 (the “Option”), subject to the terms and conditions of a membership interest purchase agreement to be negotiated and entered into between the Purchaser and the Company at such time that the Purchaser desires to exercise the Option The Acquisition was not closed as of December 31, 2023. The Company received $485,714 from Wenzhao Lu as of December 31, 2023 which was recorded as advance from sale of noncontrolling interest – related party on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

NOTE 13 –INCOME TAXES

The Company is governed by the Income Tax Law of the PRC and the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Under the Income Tax Laws of PRC, Chinese companies are generally subject to an income tax at an effective rate of 25% on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments. The Company has a cumulative deficit from its foreign subsidiary of $3,135,027 as of December 31, 2023, which is included in the consolidated accumulated deficit.

The Company’s loss before income taxes includes the following components:

Components of income taxes expense (benefit) consisted of the following:

NOTE 13 –INCOME TAXES (continued)

The table below summarizes the differences between the U.S. statutory rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not incur any income taxes expense since it did not generate any taxable income in those periods. The Company’s foreign entity did not pay any income taxes during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company’s components of deferred taxes as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s both federal and state net operating loss carryforwards amounted to $52,929,248 and $46,969,776, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has $48,003,744 of U.S. federal net operating loss carryovers that have no expiration date, and $2,487,555 of the federal net operating loss and state net operating loss carry-forwards begin to expire in 2034.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards in China of $2,460,636 that begin to expire in 2024.

Additionally, as of December 31, 2023, $61,847 of the future utilization of the net operating loss carryforward to offset future taxable income is subject to special tax rules which may limit their usage under IRS Section 382 (Change of Ownership) and possibly the Separate Return Limitation Year (“SRLY”) rules.

A full valuation allowance has been provided against the Company’s deferred tax assets at December 31, 2023 as the Company believes it is more likely than not that sufficient taxable income will not be generated to realize these temporary differences.

NOTE 13 –INCOME TAXES (continued)

The Company has been notified and assessed an IRS Section 6038 penalty of$10,000 for failure to file a foreign entity tax disclosure. The Company has appealed the penalty and awaits the Internal Revenue Service’s review of the appeal. There is no assurance such appeal will be successful.

The Company has not been audited by any jurisdiction since its inception. The Company is open for audit by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and U.S. state tax jurisdictions from 2020 to 2023, and open for audit by the Chinese Ministry of Finance from 2019 to 2023.

There were no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense, if any. The Company does not have any significant uncertain tax positions or events leading to uncertainty in a tax position.

NOTE 14 –EQUITY

The Company is authorized to issue an aggregate of 490,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company designated up to 15,000 shares of its previously undesignated preferred stock as Series A Preferred Stock. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.0001 per share and a stated value equal to $1,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold an aggregate of 9,000 shares of Series A Preferred stock and received proceeds of $9,000,000. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at any time and from time to time from and after the later of (i) the date of the stockholder approval, in accordance with the Nasdaq Stock Market Listing Rules, and (ii) the nine (9) month anniversary of the Closing (the “Initial Conversion Date”), at the option of the Series A Holder, into that number of shares of common stock (subject to the limitations set forth in Series A Certificate of Designations, determined by dividing the Stated Value of such share of Series A Preferred Stock by the Conversion Price). The Series A Holders may convert such shares into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to the greater of (i) ten dollars ($10.0) and (ii) ninety percent (90%) of the closing price of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq on the day prior to receipt of a conversion notice (collectively, the “Conversion Price”), subject to adjustment for stock splits and similar matters.

The Company evaluated the features of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock under ASC 480, and classified them as permanent equity because the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is not mandatorily or contingently redeemable at the stockholder’s option and the liquidation preference that exists does not fall within the guidance of SEC Accounting Series Release No. 268 – Presentation in Financial Statements of “Redeemable Preferred Stocks” (“ASR 268”).

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022,9,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding.

Series B Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company designated up to 15,000 shares of its previously undesignated preferred stock as Series B Preferred Stock. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.0001 per share and a stated value equal to $1,000.

On February 9, 2023, the Company issued 11,000 shares of its Series B Convertible Preferred Stock as a part of consideration for the purchase of 40% of equity interest of Lab Services MSO. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to $3.78 or an aggregate of 2,910,053 shares of the Company’s common stock and are subject to a lock-up period and restrictions on sale (See Note — 7 - Investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC).

As of December 31, 2023,11,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding.

Common Shares Sold for Cash

On December 13, 2019, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement SM (the “Sales Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC, as sales agent (“Jefferies”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Jefferies, shares of its common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Jefferies sold an aggregate of 17,064 shares of common stock at an average price of $7.9 per share to investors and the Company recorded net proceeds of $112,328, net of commission and other offering costs of $23,239. The Open Market Sale Agreement SM was terminated in 2023.

On August 5, 2022, the Company sold 32,051 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $7.8 per share to an investor pursuant to a subscription agreement. The Company received proceeds of $250,000.

On August 5, 2022, the Company sold 44,872 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $7.8 per share, the fair market value on transaction date, to Wenzhao Lu pursuant to a subscription agreement. The Company received proceeds of $350,000 (see Note 12 - Common Shares Sold to Related Party for Cash).

In June 2023, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”) under which the Company may offer and sell from time to time shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $3.5 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Roth sold an aggregate of 456,627 shares of common stock at an average price of $1.39 per share to investors and the Company recorded net proceeds of $414,396, net of commission and other offering costs of $220,995.

Common Shares Issued for Services

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued a total of 40,896 shares of its common stock for services rendered. These shares were valued at $340,950, the fair market values on the grant dates using the reported closing share prices on the dates of grant, and the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $310,950 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and reduced accrued liabilities of $30,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued a total of 361,331 shares of its common stock for services rendered. These shares were valued at $999,655, the fair market values on the grant dates using the reported closing share prices on the dates of grant, and the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $834,784 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and reduced accrued liabilities of $164,871.

Common Shares Issued as Convertible Note Payable Commitment Fee

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued a total of 170,000 shares of its common stock as commitment fee for the purchases of convertible note. These shares were valued at $236,400, the fair market values on the grant dates using the reported closing share prices on the dates of grant, and the Company recorded it as debt discount.

Common Shares Issued for Debt Conversion

On July 25, 2022, the Company and 2022 Convertible Note holder entered into a Conversion Agreement pursuant to which the investor converted its Convertible Notes in the principal amount of $3,718,943 and unpaid interest of $9,751 into 573,645 shares of common stock of the Company at a per share price of $6.5 (see Note 9). The Company recorded a conversion inducement charge of $344,264 as a result of the Conversion Agreement, representing the value of common stock issued upon conversion in excess of the common stock issuable under the original terms of the 2022 Convertible Note.

Common Shares Issued Pursuant to Related Party Debt Settlement Agreement and Release

On July 25, 2022, the Company and Mr. Lu entered into and closed a Debt Settlement Agreement and Release pursuant to which the Company settled $2,440,262 debt owed under the Line of Credit and unpaid interest of $448,331 by issuance of 444,399 shares of common stock of the Company (see Note 12 - Borrowings from Related Party –Line of Credit). The total amount of the debt settled of $2,888,593 exceeded the fair market value of the shares issued by $888,353 which was treated as a capital transaction due to Mr. Lu’s relationship with the Company.

Options

The following table summarizes the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise of options outstanding at December 31, 2023:

Stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value of both stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable at December 31, 2023 was $0.

The fair values of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2023 were estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: volatility of 79.76% -96.37%, risk-free rate of 3.58% -4.76%, annual dividend yield of 0%, and expected life of 3.00 -5.00 years. The aggregate fair value of the options granted during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $319,380.

The fair values of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 were estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: volatility of 74.8% -117.46%, risk-free rate of 1.37% -4.48%, annual dividend yield of 0%, and expected life of 3.00 -5.00 years. The aggregate fair value of the options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $421,428.

For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options granted amounted to $284,977 and $358,113, of which, $172,943 and $234,856 was recorded as compensation and related benefits, $106,565 and $84,064 was recorded as professional fees, and $5,469 and $39,193 was recorded as research and development expenses, respectively.

Options (continued)

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested stock options granted as of December 31, 2023 and changes during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

Warrants

The following table summarizes the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at December 31, 2023:

Stock warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value of both stock warrants outstanding and stock warrants exercisable at December 31, 2023 was $0.

Warrants Issued in 2022

On March 28, 2022, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreement with an accredited investor, which was amended on June 8, 2022, providing for the sale by the Company to the investor of a Convertible Note in the amount of $3,718,943 (“2022 Convertible Note”). In addition to the 2022 Convertible Note, the investor also received a Stock Purchase Warrant (“2022 Warrant”) to acquire an aggregate of 123,964 shares of common stock. The 2022 Warrant is exercisable for five years at an exercise price of $12.5. The fair values of the warrants issued to the investor with this private placement were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: volatility of 111.94%, risk-free rate of 2.71% -2.92%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years. The warrants issued to the investor to purchase 123,964 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at $498,509 and had been amortized over the term of the 2022 Convertible Note.

Warrants Issued in May 2023

In connection with the issuance of May 2023 Convertible Note (See Note 9), the Company issued(i) a warrant to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, and (ii) a warrant to purchase 105,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, to Mast Hill; and issued a warrant to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 to a third party as a finder’s fee.

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Mast Hill and a third party as a finder’s fee meet the definition of derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 105,500 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 was classified as derivative liability on May 23, 2023. The fair values of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued on May 23, 2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.96, volatility of 88.80%, risk-free rate of 3.76%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

The warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued to Mast Hill to purchase 125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at $127,654 and will be amortized over the term of the May 2023 Convertible Note.

The warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued to a third party as a finder’s fee to purchase 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as convertible debt issuance costs and were valued at $11,162 and will be amortized over the term of the May 2023 Convertible Note.

Warrants Issued in July 2023

In connection with the issuance of July 2023 Convertible Note (See Note 9), the Company issued(i) a warrant to purchase 41,665 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, and (ii) a warrant to purchase 35,165 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, to Firstfire; and issued a warrant to purchase 3,333 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 to a third party as a finder’s fee.

Warrants Issued in July 2023 (continued)

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee meet the definition of derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 35,165 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 was classified as derivative liability on July 6, 2023. The fair values of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued on July 6, 2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.42, volatility of 88.52%, risk-free rate of 4.37%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

The warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued to Firstfire to purchase 41,665 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at $28,691 and will be amortized over the term of the July 2023 Convertible Note.

The warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued to a third party as a finder’s fee to purchase 3,333 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as convertible debt issuance costs and were valued at $2,435 and will be amortized over the term of the July 2023 Convertible Note.

Warrants Issued in October 2023

In connection with the issuance of October 2023 Convertible Note (See Note 9), the Company issued(i) a warrant to purchase 105,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 87,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, to Mast Hill and Firstfire; and issued a warrant to purchase 8,400 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 to a third party as a finder’s fee.

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Mast Hill and Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee meet the definition of a derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 87,500 warrants with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 was classified as a derivative liability on October 9, 2023. The fair values of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued on October 9, 2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.77, volatility of 89.70%, risk-free rate of 4.75%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

The warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued to Mast Hill and Firstfire to purchase 105,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at $39,848 and will be amortized over the term of the October 2023 Convertible Note.

The warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued to a third party as a finder’s fee to purchase 8,400 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as convertible debt issuance costs and were valued at $3,380 and will be amortized over the term of the October 2023 Convertible Note.

Warrants Issued in October 2023 (continued)

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested stock warrants issued as of December 31, 2023 and changes during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

NOTE 15 –STATUTORY RESERVE AND RESTRICTED NET ASSETS

The Company’s PRC subsidiary, Avalon Shanghai, is restricted in its ability to transfer a portion of its net asset to the Company. The payment of dividends by entities organized in China is subject to limitations, procedures and formalities. Regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China.

The Company is required to make appropriations to certain reserve funds, comprising the statutory surplus reserve and the discretionary surplus reserve, based on after-tax net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be at least 10% of the after-tax net income determined in accordance with PRC GAAP until the reserve is equal to 50% of the entity’s registered capital. Appropriations to the discretionary surplus reserve are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The statutory reserve may be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production or increase in registered capital, but are not distributable as cash dividends. The Company did not make any appropriation to statutory reserve for Avalon Shanghai during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 as it incurred net loss in the periods. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the restricted amount as determined pursuant to PRC statutory laws totaled $6,578.

Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the Company’s PRC subsidiary, Avalon Shanghai, from transferring a portion of its net assets, equivalent to its statutory reserve and its share capital, to the Company’s shareholders in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends. Only PRC entity’s accumulated profit may be distributed as dividend to the Company’s shareholders without the consent of a third party. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, total restricted net assets amounted to $1,106,578 and $1,006,578, respectively.

NOTE 16 –NONCONTROLLING INTEREST

As of December 31, 2023, Dr. Yu Zhou, former director and former co-chief executive officer of Genexosome, who owns 40% of the equity interests of Genexosome, which is not under the Company’s control. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not allocate any net loss and foreign currency translation adjustment to the noncontrolling interest holder due to its inability to satisfy these deficits.

NOTE 17 –CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE PARENT COMPANY

Pursuant to the requirements of Rule 12-04(a), 5-04(c) and 4-08(e)(3) of Regulation S-X, the condensed financial information of the parent company shall be filed when the restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiary exceed 25 percent of consolidated net assets as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year. For purposes of this test, restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiary shall mean that amount of the Company’s proportionate share of net assets of consolidated subsidiary (after intercompany eliminations) which as of the end of the most recent fiscal year may not be transferred to the parent company by subsidiary in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends without the consent of a third party.

The Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiary in accordance with such requirement and concluded that it was not applicable to the Company as the restricted net assets of the Company’s PRC subsidiary did not exceed 25% of the consolidated net assets of the Company, therefore, the condensed financial statements for the parent company have not been required.

NOTE 18 –CONCENTRATIONS

Customers

The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Two customers, of which, one is a related party and the other is a third party, whose outstanding receivable accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total outstanding rent receivable at December 31, 2023, accounted for 80.6% of the Company’s total outstanding rent receivable at December 31, 2023.

Two customers, of which, one is a related party and the other is a third party, whose outstanding receivable accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total outstanding rent receivable at December 31, 2022, accounted for 81.4% of the Company’s total outstanding rent receivable at December 31, 2022.

Suppliers

No supplier accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchase during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

NOTE 19 –SEGMENT INFORMATION

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company operated in two reportable business segments - (1) the real property operating segment, and (2) the medical related consulting services segment. The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different services and products. They are managed separately based on the fundamental differences in their operations.

Due to the winding down of the medical related consulting services segment in 2022, the Company decided to cease all operations of this segment and no longer has any material revenues or expenses in this segment. As a result, commencing from the first quarter of 2023, the Company’s chief operating decision maker no longer reviews medical related consulting services operating results.

On February 9, 2023, the Company purchased 40% of Lab Services MSO. Commencing from the purchase date, February 9, 2023, the Company is active in the management of Lab Services MSO. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company operated in two reportable business segments: (1) the real property operating segment, and (2) laboratory testing services segment (which commenced with the purchase date, February 9, 2023) since Lab Services MSO’s operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance. The Company regularly reviews the operating results and performance of Lab Services MSO, which is the Company’s an equity method investee.

NOTE 19 –SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued)

Information with respect to these reportable business segments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

NOTE 20 –COMMITMENTS AND CONTINCENGIES

Operating Leases Commitment

The Company is a party to leases for office space. These lease agreements will expire through February 2025. Rent expense under all operating leases amounted to approximately $129,000 and $141,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

The following table summarizes the lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating lease as of December 31, 2023:

The following table summarizes the maturity of lease liabilities under operating lease as of December 31, 2023:

Joint Venture – Avactis Biosciences Inc.

On July 18, 2018, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Avactis Biosciences Inc. (“Avactis”), a Nevada corporation, which focuses on accelerating commercial activities related to cellular therapies as well as cellular immunotherapy including CAR-T, CAR-NK, TCR-T and others. When formed, Avactis was designed to integrate and optimize the Company’s global scientific and clinical resources to further advance the use of cellular therapies to treat certain cancers, however the Company is no longer pursuing any commercial activities with respect to cellular immunotherapy and CAR-T, in particular. As of April 6, 2022, the Company owns 60% of Avactis and Arbele Biotherapeutics Limited (“Arbele Biotherapeutics”) owns 40% of Avactis. Avactis owns 100% of the capital stock of Avactis Nanjing Biosciences Ltd., a company incorporated in the PRC on May 8, 2020 (“Avactis Nanjing”), which only owns a patent and is not considered an operating entity.

NOTE 20 –COMMITMENTS AND CONTINCENGIES (continued)

Joint Venture – Avactis Biosciences Inc. (continued)

The Company is required to contribute $10 million (or equivalent in RMB) in cash and/or services, which shall be contributed in tranches based on milestones to be determined jointly by Avactis and the Company in writing subject to the Company’s cash reserves. Within 30 days, Arbele Biotherapeutics shall make contribution of $6.66 million in the form of entering into a License Agreement with Avactis granting Avactis an exclusive right and license in China to its technology and intellectual property pertaining to CAR-T/CAR-NK/TCR-T/universal cellular immunotherapy technology and any additional technology developed in the future with terms and conditions to be mutually agreed upon the Company and Avactis and services. As of the date hereof, the License Agreement has not been finalized by the parties.

In addition, the Company is responsible for contributing registered capital of RMB 5,000,000 (approximately $0.7 million) for working capital purposes as required by local regulation, which is not required to be contributed immediately and will be contributed subject to the Company’s discretion. As of the date hereof, Avactis’ activities have been limited to that of a patent holding company and there is no other activity or planned contributions in 2024.

**NOTE 21 –SUBSEQUENT EVENTS **

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, other than as described below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.

March 2024 Convertible Note Financing

In March 2024, the Company entered into security purchase agreement with a lender (the “March 2024 Lender”) and closed on the issuance of 13.0% senior secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $700,000 (the “March 2024 Note”), as well as the issuance of 105,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of up to 252,404 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company and its subsidiaries have also entered into security agreements, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of the Company’s obligations under the March 2024 Note.