RICHTECH ROBOTICS INC

NOTE 1: Nature of Business

Description of Business

Richtech Robotics Inc. (“we”, “us”, “our”, the “Company”, or “Richtech”), is a Nevada C-Corporation registered in Nevada. Richtech was converted from Richtech Creative Displays, LLC on June 22, 2022, which is the predecessor of Richtech and established on July 19, 2016 in Nevada.

We are a pioneer in service robotic solutions, developing and deploying cutting-edge technology that directly tackles the critical labor shortage plaguing the US service industry. Our diverse suite of solutions, encompassing delivery, commercial cleaning, food & beverage service, and custom development, has been transforming operations in over 80 cities across the United States. From bustling restaurants and hotels to dynamic casinos, senior living facilities, factories, and retail centers, our robots are automating repetitive, time-consuming tasks, allowing businesses to reallocate valuable human capital to higher-level roles. Many of our clients consider our solutions essential for their expansion and growth. We are committed to being a long-term partner, continuously innovating and providing a comprehensive range of solutions that remedy specific challenges and propel our clients’ success.*** ***

Risk and Uncertainties

The Company’s performance is inherently tied to global business and economic conditions, including interest rates, inflation, capital markets, and overall economic health. These factors, outside of our direct control, can fluctuate significantly and potentially impact our financial results. Adverse changes in these conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, we operate in a highly competitive industry with numerous established players boasting extensive resources and well-developed marketing and sales operations. Our ability to compete effectively and gain market share is not guaranteed, and we may struggle against these larger competitors. Our industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology and market demands. As a result, the Company’s products, services, or expertise may become obsolete or unmarketable. Our continued success hinges on our ability to adapt to these technological changes, anticipate evolving market demands, and continuously improve our current technology under development.*** ***

Emerging Growth Company Status

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that we are (1) no longer an emerging growth company or (2) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of the first fiscal year (A) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering, (B) in which our total annual gross revenue is at least $1.235 billion or (C) when we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

NOTE 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. We view our operations and manage our business asone operating segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity ofthree months or less to be cash equivalents. We place our cash and cash equivalents in highly liquid instruments with, and in the custody of, financial institutions with high credit ratings.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivables primarily consist of trade receivables presented net of rebates, price protection and an allowance for credit loss. Accounts receivable also include unbilled receivables, which primarily represent work completed on development services recognized as revenue but not yet invoiced to customers and semi-custom products under non-cancellable purchase orders that have no alternative use to the Company at contract inception, for which revenue has been recognized but not yet invoiced to customers. All unbilled accounts receivables are expected to be billed and collected within twelve months.

We manage our exposure to customer credit risk through credit limits, credit lines, ongoing monitoring procedures and credit approvals. Furthermore, we perform in-depth credit evaluations of all new customers and, at intervals, for existing customers. From this, we may require letters of credit, bank or corporate guarantees or advance payments if deemed necessary. We maintain an allowance for credit loss, consisting of known specific troubled accounts as well as an amount based on historical experience and current credit assessments. The amount of allowance for doubtful accounts were $165 as of December 31, 2023 and $333 as of September 30, 2023, respectively. We do not believe the receivable balance from its customers represents a significant credit risk.

Inventories

We employ a standard cost valuation approach for our inventory, with adjustments to align with the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. This estimate considers future demand and market conditions to ensure accurate representation. In determining excess or obsolescence reserves for its products, we consider assumptions such as changes in business and economic conditions, other-than-temporary decreases in demand for its products, and changes in technology or customer requirements The net realizable value adjustments are informed by recent historical sales activity and selling prices, alongside future price estimations. We fully reserve for inventories and non-cancellable purchase orders for inventory deemed obsolete. We actively manage inventory risk through regular reviews and comparisons of stock levels with anticipated demand. This proactive approach allows for early identification of excess inventory, enabling us to implement corrective actions such as promotional offers. Additionally, we maintain close collaboration with suppliers to ensure inventory acquisition aligns with our actual needs and timing.

Inventory as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

Property, and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization and is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of equipment istwo tosix years, and leasehold improvements are measured by the shorter of the remaining terms of the leases or the estimated useful economic lives of the improvements.

Property and equipment as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

Depreciation expense for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4 and $11, respectively.

Stockholders’ Equity

According to ASC 505-10-S99-4, changes in the capital structure of a reporting entity due to a stock dividend, stock split or reverse split occurring after the date of the latest reported balance sheet but before the release of the financial statements (or the effective date of the registration statement, whichever is later) should be given retroactive effect in the balance sheet. In such cases, appropriate disclosure should be made of the retrospective treatment and the date the change became effective. For our Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, par value per share and the number of shares has been retrospectively restated for the related period in connection with our 4-for-1 forward stock split and concurrent re-designation of our common stock into Class A and Class B common stock in October 2022.

In accounting for the conversion of member units into common stock, we followed the relevant accounting guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in accordance with GAAP. According to ASC 805-50-15-6, an entity charters a newly formed entity and then transfers some or all of its net assets to that newly chartered entity is an example of common-control transactions. ASC 805-50-15-6 provides guidance on common control transactions, stating that such transactions involve transfers between entities under common control, where the control is not transitory. In the case of the conversion of member units into common stock, the entities involved are under common control by the same parent entity. This relationship satisfies the criteria for a common control transaction, as control is not transitory and the parent entity exercises significant influence over the entities involved. Financial statements reflect the members’ equity and that the reclassification of members’ equity during fiscal 2022 to paid-in-capital is properly accounted for, in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-4 and SAB Topic 4.B by analogy.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue recognition policy adheres to the principle of recognizing revenue when the promised goods or services are transferred to customers, at an amount reflecting the consideration we expect to receive. This principle aligns with the five-step model outlined in the accounting standard ASC 606 , we perform the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) we satisfy each performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer.

Product Revenue

We generate revenue through the direct sale of its branded robotic products to customers. . We consider customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with our customers. Each contract establishes a single performance obligation: the delivery of our product in accordance with the specified payment and shipping terms. The entire transaction price is allocated to this single performance obligation. Product revenue is recognized upon the customer acquiring control of the product , which aligns with either the shipment or delivery date as stipulated in the contract.* *

Other Revenue Policies

Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.

We do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised products to the customer will be one year or less, which is the case with substantially all customers.

We recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling expenses.

We account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. We record the related costs within cost of goods sold.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table sets forth revenue by product for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Notes:

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs primarily consist of employee-related expenses, including salaries and benefits, facilities costs, depreciation, and other allocated expenses. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02,Leases (“Topic 842”). The guidance in this ASU supersedes the leasing guidance in Topic 840,Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. The standard is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. As an emerging growth company, we adopted the new standard on January 1, 2022. We had operating leases for which we were required to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12,Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which amends the approaches and methodologies in accounting for income taxes during interim periods and makes changes to certain income tax classifications. The new standard allows certain exceptions, including an exception to the use of the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation, when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items, and to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. The standard also requires franchise or similar taxes partially based on income to be reported as income tax and to reflect the effects of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation from the date of enactment. Lastly, in any future acquisition, we would be required to evaluate when the step-up in the tax basis of goodwill is part of the business combination and when it should be considered a separate transaction. The standard will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2022, with early adoption of the amendments permitted. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815- 40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another topic. ASU 2021-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company has determined the adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted global commercial activity, disrupted supply chains and contributed to significant volatility in financial markets. Starting in 2020, and continuing through the date hereof, the COVID-19 pandemic continued to adversely impact many different industries. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could have a continued material impact on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the extent and the duration of the impact of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic therefore presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company and its performance and could affect its financial results in a materially adverse way. The Company has considered information available to it as of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements and is not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require an update to its estimates or judgements, or an adjustment to the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. The accounting estimates and other matters assessed include, but were not limited to, long-lived assets and accrued expenses. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information becomes available. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. In response to the changing dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic and endemic, the Company closely monitors the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations in order to react quickly with appropriate safety protocols. Management is continuing to monitor the effect of COVID-19 and intends to adjust its operational protocols as may be necessary.

NOTE 3: Earnings per Share

Due to the presence of net losses in all presented periods, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share. In addition, we have no outstanding stock options, warrants, convertible notes, and any other forms of convertible deferred compensation that could dilute basic earnings per share in the future as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

NOTE 4: Income Taxes

We are subject to taxation in the United States and various states jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. On a quarterly basis, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment in that quarter.

The tax expenses recorded for both of the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 differ from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% due primarily to the tax impact of state income taxes, non-deductible officers’ compensation, and transportation fringe benefits. For the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recordednil income tax benefit/(expense) for both periods, and the effective tax rate is not applicable as there were losses from continuing operations before income tax expense for both years presented.

NOTE 4: Income Taxes (cont.)

We have no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. It is our policy to recognize interest and penalties related expenses on income tax as a component of income tax expense, in our audited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we have not accrued any interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions.** **

NOTE 5: Short-term Loan

During 2023, we entered into ten short-term loan agreements with different financial entities for the total principal amount of $1,853. As of December 31, 2023, the short-term loan balance was $50.

NOTE 6: Related parties and related-party transactions

The group had the following related parties:

Balances

We had the following related party balances:

Notes:

NOTE 7: Commitments and contingencies

Leases

We lease office facilities under noncancelable operating lease agreements. We lease space for our corporate headquarters in Las Vegas, Nevada through August 2027, and a second office space in Austin, Taxes through April 2024. In addition, our ClouTea store in Las Vegas currently operates under a lease which expires in January 2024. Afterwards, the lease will be month to month, which allows for ongoing adaptability while guaranteeing our market presence. While this arrangement grants the landlord the option to terminate with a two-month notice, it also affords us similar flexibility to adjust as needed. The landlord may choose to terminate the lease by sending a notice two month in advance.

The components of leases and lease costs are as follows:

Future minimum lease payments under these leases as of December 31, 2023 are approximately as follows:

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, we are subject to litigation and regulatory examinations as well as information gathering requests, inquiries and investigations. As of December 31, 2023, there were no matters which would have a material impact on our financial results.

NOTE 8: Subsequent Events

On December 11, 2023, we have registered an aggregate of 6,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, which are reserved for issuance under the Richtech Robotics Inc. Employee Stock Option Plan (“ESOP”). The ESOP is expected to be granted and effective in March 2024.