RADIAN GROUP INC

In preparing the financial statements in this report, management has used available information, including our past history, industry standards and the current and projected economic and housing environments, among other factors, in forming its estimates, assumptions and judgments, giving due consideration to materiality. Because the use of estimates is inherent in GAAP, actual results could differ from those estimates. In addition, other companies may use different estimates, which may impact comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses.

As of the filing date of this report, there were no significant changes in our critical accounting estimates from those discussed in our 2025 Form 10-K, except as follows, which are critical accounting estimates introduced as a result of the acquisition of Inigo.

See Note 2 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for accounting pronouncements issued but not yet adopted that may impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, earnings, cash flows or disclosures.

Reserves for Losses and LAE—Specialty

The measurement of the reserves for losses and LAE for our specialty insurance and reinsurance portfolio requires significant judgment and involves estimates and assumptions about future events that can have a material impact on the amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The reserves for losses and LAE include management’s estimate of the ultimate cost of settling all claims incurred but unpaid at the balance sheet date, whether reported or not, as well as related internal and external claims handling expenses.

Estimating the reserves for losses and LAE is inherently complex and subjective due to uncertainty regarding the frequency, severity and timing of claims payments. This complexity is particularly pronounced for IBNR, for which limited claims-specific information is available at the reporting date. As a result, considerable judgment is required in estimating the amount of loss associated with these claims.

The IBNR provision is estimated using actuarial projection techniques, which generally project from past experience the development of claims over time in view of the likely ultimate claims to be experienced and, for more recent underwriting years, taking into consideration variations in business accepted and the underlying terms and conditions. For more recent underwriting years, where historical data is less developed and greater volatility may exist, estimates may also incorporate output from pricing, rating and other underwriting models, as well as assessments of current underwriting and market conditions.

In establishing the reserve for losses and LAE, senior management evaluates the actuarial best estimate and regularly reviews the assumptions, methodologies and resulting estimates, including comparisons of actual claims experience to prior estimates, and adjusts the provision as necessary to reflect new information and emerging trends.

Due to the significant judgments involved, actual claims settlement costs may differ materially from amounts currently recorded.

Premium Revenue Recognition—Specialty

For certain insurance contracts in our specialty insurance portfolio, premium revenue is initially recognized based on estimates of premiums that are not yet fully determinable at inception. The estimation of future premiums requires significant judgment and involves assumptions regarding future policy activity, exposure levels and claims experience. As a result, actual premiums ultimately earned may differ from amounts initially recorded, and such differences could be material to our financial results.

Estimated premium income is developed using a combination of underwriters’ best estimates, observable historical experience and other relevant data. These estimates reflect management’s assessment of expected future premium amounts based on the terms of the underlying insurance contracts and anticipated exposure to insurance risk. Premium estimates are reviewed regularly by underwriting personnel and are subject to oversight by actuarial and finance teams, who evaluate the reasonableness of the assumptions used and update estimates as additional experience and information becomes available.

Certain contracts include variable premium features under which the ultimate premium is contingent upon claims experience or other measures of insurance risk exposure. To the extent sufficient data is available to enable a reliable estimate, expected variable premiums are included in premium revenue based on actuarially supported estimates of future claims and exposure. These estimates are inherently uncertain and may be subject to volatility, particularly in periods of changing loss experience or economic conditions.

Management reassesses estimated premiums at each reporting date and records adjustments to premium revenue as estimates are updated to reflect actual experience and revised expectations. If future premium activity, claims experience or exposure differs materially from assumptions used in establishing estimated premiums, the timing and amount of premium revenue recognized could be materially impacted.

Business Combinations

The accounting for business combinations requires significant judgment and the use of estimates, particularly in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and in evaluating the recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets. On February 2, 2026, we completed the acquisition of Inigo, which was accounted for using the acquisition method in accordance with the accounting standard regarding business combinations (ASC 805). As a result, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.

Fair value measurements in a business combination involve the use of valuation techniques that require management to make assumptions about future events and market participant inputs, including projected premiums, claims, expenses, discount rates, attrition rates and expected cash flows. Significant judgment is required in estimating the fair value of identifiable intangible assets, including VOBA, broker relationships, Lloyd’s syndicate capacity and related rights, brand and technology, as well as in determining the amount of goodwill recognized.

The purchase price allocation for the Inigo acquisition, including the valuation of intangible assets and the recognition of goodwill, is preliminary and remains subject to adjustment during the measurement period, which may extend up to twelve months from the acquisition date. Changes to facts and circumstances, including additional information obtained during the measurement period, could result in adjustments to the fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including goodwill, with a corresponding impact on future amortization expense and impairment assessments.

While management believes the assumptions and estimates used in the acquisition accounting are reasonable, actual results may differ from those estimates. Such differences could have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and results of operations in future periods. Additional information regarding the Inigo acquisition, including the preliminary purchase price allocation and significant valuation assumptions, is provided in Note 3 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income Taxes

The determination of the provision for income taxes requires significant judgment in the application of complex income tax laws and regulations across multiple jurisdictions.

The accounting for income taxes related to business combinations requires additional judgment. In connection with acquisitions, management is required to determine the appropriate tax treatment of the transaction, including whether certain tax elections are made that affect the tax basis of acquired assets and liabilities. These determinations impact the amount and timing of deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized at the acquisition date and in subsequent periods. Changes in assumptions related to the tax structure of an acquisition or the interpretation of applicable tax laws could result in changes to deferred tax balances and income tax expense.

We also evaluate uncertain tax positions and recognize liabilities when, based on Radian’s judgment, it is more likely than not that a tax position will not be sustained based on the technical merits of the position. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions requires judgment in the interpretation of tax laws and regulations and in assessing the relevant facts and circumstances. Changes in tax laws, business results or management’s assumptions and judgments could materially affect the provision for income taxes in future periods. Additional information regarding income taxes and uncertain tax positions is included in Notes 3 and 10 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.