PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust

We are a specialty finance company that invests in mortgage-related assets. Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors over the long-term, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. A significant portion of our investment portfolio is comprised of mortgage-related assets that we have created through our aggregation and securitization activities, including senior and subordinate mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and credit risk transfer (“CRT”) arrangements, which absorb credit losses on certain of the loans we have sold. We also invest in Agency and senior non-Agency MBS, subordinate MBS, interest-only ("IO") and principal-only ("PO") stripped MBS, and Agency floating rate collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs").

We are externally managed by Pennymac Capital Management, LLC (“PCM”), an investment adviser that specializes in and focuses on U.S. mortgage assets. Our acquisitions of correspondent loans for our aggregation and securitization activities are facilitated by PennyMac Loan Services, LLC (“PLS”), which also performs servicing activities for our loans and MSRs. PCM and PLS are both wholly owned subsidiaries of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (“PFSI”), a publicly-traded mortgage banking and investment management company separately listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

A significant portion of our operations involves Government-Sponsored Enterprises ("GSEs"), specifically the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") and the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"). Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are each referred to as an “Agency” and, collectively as the "Agencies".

We operate our business in three segments: credit sensitive strategies, interest rate sensitive strategies and aggregation and securitization (formerly referred to as correspondent production). Non-segment activities are included in our corporate operations.

Our segment and corporate activities are described below.

•

The credit sensitive strategies segment represents our investments in CRT arrangements referencing loans from our aggregation and securitization activities and subordinate MBS.

•

The interest rate sensitive strategies segment represents our investments in MSRs, Agency pass through MBS and structured products (including IO and PO MBS and floating rate CMOs), senior non-Agency MBS and the related interest rate hedging activities.

•

The aggregation and securitization segment represents our operations in purchasing, pooling and reselling, or financing through our private-label securitization activities, newly originated prime credit quality loans using the services of PCM and PLS.

We sell the loans we acquire through our aggregation and securitization activities primarily to the Agencies and also sell loans to other non-affiliate entities. We also securitize certain of our loans directly and retain beneficial interests, such as senior and subordinate MBS, from these securitizations.

•

Our corporate operations include management fees, compensation, professional services, and other amounts attributable to the Company’s corporate operations and certain interest income and expense.

Business Trends

Recent macroeconomic trends and U.S. federal government administration actions with respect to trade, tariffs, government cost reduction efforts and foreign military action have led to significant volatility in financial markets and uncertainty regarding the economic outlook, including inflation and interest rates. Elevated interest rates in recent years have constrained the mortgage origination market, which is currently projected to increase from $1.9 trillion in 2025 to $2.1 trillion in 2026 according to mortgage industry economists, although recent increases in interest rates may lead to a reduction in origination estimates for 2026.

Recent increases in interest and mortgage rates have significantly limited consumers’ opportunity for refinancing. If mortgage rates remain at recent levels or continue to increase, mortgage production activity and prepayment speeds will continue to decrease from levels observed in late 2025 and early 2026. Increases in the Federal Reserve’s federal funds rate have increased the costs of floating rate borrowings and placement fees we receive in relation to custodial funds that we manage as compared to prior periods. Market indicators currently suggest that the Federal Reserve will continue increasing short-term interest rates. The current period of economic uncertainty and market volatility may also lead to a reduction in economic activity and slowing home price growth. These drivers could increase mortgage delinquencies or defaults, negatively affecting the performance of our credit-sensitive assets—including subordinate MBS and CRT arrangements—and increasing losses from representations and warranties in our loan sales transactions. However, many of the loans underlying our assets possess favorable credit characteristics such as low loan-to-value ratios, which are likely to moderate the effect of credit performance during an economic downturn.

Our current strategy includes decreasing our exposure to MSRs and increasing our exposure to subordinate MBS. As of September 30, 2026, we had an MSR servicing portfolio with a UPB of approximately $192.1 billion. In the third quarter of 2026, we agreed to sell a portfolio of Agency MSRs with an aggregate unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of approximately $10.0 billion, and after to quarter end, we agreed to sell an additional portfolio of Agency MSRs with an aggregate UPB of approximately $12.0 billion. We expect both transactions to settle in the fourth quarter of 2026, and we may sell additional MSR portfolios in future periods. We also expect to purchase all of PLS's non-Agency correspondent loans and none of PLS's conventional conforming correspondent loans during the fourth quarter of 2026. We expect to continue investing in subordinate MBS generated from non-Agency securitizations, which is expected to increase our asset-backed financing of VIEs.

Our Investment Activities

Credit Sensitive Investments

Subordinate Mortgage-Backed Securities

Subordinate MBS provide us with a higher yield than senior MBS. However, we incur credit risk since subordinate MBS are the first securities to absorb credit losses relating to the underlying loans. As the result of the Company’s consolidation of the variable interest entities ("VIEs") that issued certain of our holdings of subordinate MBS as described in Note 6 –Variable Interest Entities – Non-Agency Mortgage-Backed Securitiesto the consolidated financial statements included in this Report, we reflect our investments in those securities as loans held for investment and reflect the related securities that we sell to nonaffiliates as asset-backed financings. We invested approximately $444.1 million in such non-Agency subordinate MBS during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and we held approximately $938.3 million of such securities at September 30, 2026.

We have previously entered into loan sales arrangements with Fannie Mae pursuant to which we accepted credit risk relating to the loans sold in exchange for a portion of the interest earned on such loans. These arrangements absorb scheduled or realized credit losses on those loans and comprise our investments in CRT arrangements.

We held net CRT-related investments (comprised of deposits securing CRT arrangements, CRT derivatives, CRT strips and an IO security payable) totaling approximately $878.0 million at September 30, 2026.

Interest Rate Sensitive Investments

Mortgage servicing rights

During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we received approximately $88.2 million of MSRs as proceeds from sales of loans held for sale. At September 30, 2026, we held MSRs at fair value of approximately $3.5 billion. In the third quarter of 2026, we agreed to sell a portfolio of Agency MSRs with an aggregate UPB of approximately $10.0 billion, and after quarter end, we agreed to sell an additional portfolio of Agency MSRs with an aggregate UPB of approximately $12.0 billion. We expect both transactions to settle in the fourth quarter of 2026.

Agency, non-Agency and structured MBS

Our investment portfolio includes REIT-eligible Agency MBS and structured products (IO and PO stripped MBS and floating rate CMOs) and senior non-Agency MBS. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we purchased approximately $1.0 billion of

CMOs and sold approximately $477.4 million of our fixed-rate pass-through Agency MBS. At September 30, 2026, the total fair value of our interest rate investments was approximately $4.3 billion.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we invested approximately $44.5 million in senior non-Agency MBS from our securitizations of loans secured by investment properties. We account for these investments as loans and reflect the securities we sold to nonaffiliates as asset-backed financings as described above. At September 30, 2026, we held senior non-Agency securities totaling approximately $108.2 million from our securitizations of loans secured by investment properties.

Aggregation and Securitization

Our aggregation and securitization activities involve the acquisition and sale of newly originated prime credit quality residential loans. We acquire loans on a flow basis from correspondent loan sellers facilitated by PLS, as well as through direct bulk purchases of loans from PLS or other nonaffiliate parties. Mortgage aggregation and securitization serves as the source of our investments in MSRs, non-Agency securitizations and, previously, CRT arrangements. Our sales of loans from our aggregation and securitization and investment activities are summarized below:

(1)

The trusts issuing these securities are consolidated on our consolidated balance sheets. Therefore, our investments in these securities are shown as their underlying assets, Loans held for investment at fair value, with the securities held by nonaffiliates being shown as Asset-backed financings of variable interest entities at fair valueon our consolidated balance sheet.

Beginning in July 2025, PLS became the initial purchaser of loans from correspondent sellers and began transferring agreed-upon volumes of such loans to us. Accordingly, we no longer purchase government loans, and we have the right to purchase up to 100% of PLS's non-government delegated correspondent production. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we purchased newly originated prime credit quality residential loans, primarily from PLS, with fair values totaling $14.0 billion as compared to $64.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, from our aggregation and securitization business.

Taxation

We believe that we qualify to be taxed as a REIT and as such will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of our income that is distributed to shareholders as long as we meet applicable REIT asset, income and share ownership tests. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, our profits will be subject to income taxes and we may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the four tax years following the year we lose our REIT qualification.

A portion of our activities, including our aggregation and securitization business, is conducted in our taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”), which is subject to corporate federal and state income taxes. Accordingly, we make a provision for income taxes with respect to the operations of our TRS. We expect that the effective rate for the provision for income taxes may be volatile in future periods. Our goal is to manage the business to take full advantage of the tax benefits afforded to us as a REIT.

We evaluate our deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required based on the consideration of all available positive and negative evidence using a “more-likely-than-not” standard with respect to whether deferred tax assets will be realized. Our evaluation considers, among other factors, taxable loss carryback availability, expectations of sufficient future taxable income, trends in earnings, existence of taxable income in recent years, the future reversal of temporary differences, and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented, if required. The ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets depends primarily on our ability to generate future taxable income during the periods in which the related deferred tax assets become deductible.

Non-Cash Investment Income

A substantial portion of our net investment income is comprised of non-cash items, including fair value adjustments and recognition of the fair value of assets created and liabilities incurred in loan sales transactions. Because we have elected, or are required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), to record certain of our financial assets (comprised of MBS, loans held for sale and loans held for investment), our derivatives and CRT strips, our MSRs, and our asset-backed financings and IO security payable at fair value, a substantial portion of the income or loss we record with respect to such assets and liabilities results from non-cash changes in fair value.

The amounts of net non-cash investment income items included in net investment income are as follows:

(1)

Amount represents MSRs received, liability for representations and warranties incurred in loan sales transactions and changes in fair value of loans, interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs") and hedging derivatives held at the end of the period.

(2)

Includes fair value changes due to changes in fair value inputs related to MSR and fair value changes related to derivative hedging instruments held at the end of the period.

We receive or pay cash relating to:

•

MBS through monthly principal and interest payments from the issuer of such securities or from the sale of the investments;

•

Loan investments when the loans are paid down, paid off or sold, when payments of principal and interest occur on such loans or when the properties acquired in settlement of loans are sold;

•

CRT arrangements through a portion of the interest payments collected on loans in the CRT arrangements’ reference pools, interest payments from the investment of the deposits securing the arrangements in short-term investments and the release to us of the deposits securing the arrangements as principal on such loans is repaid;

•

MSRs in the form of loan servicing fees (including both base servicing and excess servicing spread), ancillary fees and placement fees on the deposits we manage on behalf of the borrowers and investors in the loans we service;

•

Hedging instruments when we receive or make margin deposits as the fair value of respective instruments change, when the instruments mature or when we effectively cancel the transactions through offsetting trades; and

•

Our liability for representations and warranties when we repurchase loans or settle loss claims from investors.