WESBANCO INC

Table 46: Net Interest Income Sensitivity

Net interest income asset sensitivity remains comparable to year-end 2025 results. Down shock scenarios remain more sensitive than comparable up shock scenarios because asset yields are expected to reprice downward more rapidly than funding costs. Sensitivity is also modestly impacted by the current rate and yield curve environment on base case net interest income and the related calculation of immediate parallel rate shock changes in rising and falling rate scenarios. Additional differences typically result from changes in the various earning assets and costing liabilities mix and growth rates, as well as periodic updates of various modeling assumptions. Generally, weighted average interest bearing non-maturity deposit betas utilized in modeling are low 50s in up rate shocks and mid-to-upper 40s in down rate shocks as the banking industry continues to remain highly competitive where funding cost pressures have persisted. Deposit betas, decay rates and loan prepayment speeds are reviewed and adjusted quarterly if appropriate. Indicated model asset sensitivity in rising rate scenarios may be less than anticipated due to slower prepayment speeds, rate floors, below forecast loan yields, spread compression between new asset yields and funding costs, customer requests for negotiated rates, mortgage-related extension risk and other factors. In a decreasing rate environment, asset sensitivity may have greater impact on the margin than currently modeled as prepayment speeds increase, customers refinance or request rate reductions on existing loans, estimated deposit betas do not perform as modeled, or for other reasons not listed.

In addition to the aforementioned parallel rate shock earnings sensitivity simulation model, the ALCO also reviews a “dynamic” forecast scenario to project Wesbanco's "most likely" net interest income over a rolling two-year time period. This forecast is updated at least quarterly, incorporating revisions and updated assumptions into the model for estimated loan and deposit growth, expected balance sheet re-mixing strategies, changes in forecasted interest rates for various indices and yield curves, competitive market spreads for various products and other assumptions not listed. Such modeling is directionally consistent with typical parallel rate shock scenarios, and it assists in predicting changes in forecasted outcomes and potential adjustments to management plans to assist in achieving earnings goals.

Wesbanco also periodically measures the EVE, which is intended to approximate the fair market value of the bank's equity in various rate scenarios. Generally, changes in the EVE relate to changes in various assets and liabilities, changes in the yield curve, as well as changes in loan prepayment speeds and deposit decay rates. The following table presents these results and Wesbanco’s policy limits as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Changes in EVE sensitivity since year-end 2025 relate to the change in market interest rates and their impact upon the fair values of earning assets and costing liabilities.