Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company discovering and developing masked immuno-oncology, or I-O, therapies with the goal of significantly improving outcomes for people living with cancer. Leveraging our clinically-validated masking technology and capabilities, we are developing I-O therapies designed to selectively activate within the tumor microenvironment to achieve durable efficacy without the severe side effects associated with systemically active I-O agents. Our integrated biology and protein engineering approach enables us to design and develop highly potent, masked biologics that are activated, or unmasked, by tumor-specific proteases within the tumor microenvironment. We are currently advancing multiple programs in preclinical and clinical development, including: XTX501, a bispecific PD-1 / masked IL-2; multi-specific masked T cell engagers, or TCEs; and efarindodekin alfa, a masked IL-12. Our clinically-validated masking technology has enabled us to establish top-tier strategic partnerships, including with AbbVie Group Holdings Limited, or AbbVie, and Gilead Sciences, Inc., or Gilead.

XTX501: bispecific PD-1 / masked IL-2

XTX501 is a novel bispecific PD-1 / masked IL-2 that has the potential to be a foundational backbone therapy for solid tumors, including in combination with other agents. XTX501 is designed to selectively stimulate PD-1 positive, antigen-experienced T cells and enhance their function while overcoming IL-2 receptor-mediated clearance, peripheral activity and tolerability issues associated with non-masked IL-2 agents. We received clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, for our investigational new drug application, or IND, to proceed to a first-in-human, multi-center, open-label Phase 1/2 clinical trial for XTX501. We expect to initiate dosing in the Phase 1 portion of the trial in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, or NSCLC, and select advanced solid tumors in the second half of 2026, and we plan to report initial Phase 1 data in patients with metastatic NSCLC in the second half of 2027.

Masked T Cell Engager Programs

We are leveraging our proprietary, clinically-validated masking technology and modular TCE architectures to advance two wholly-owned masked TCE programs, as well as an additional masked TCE program in collaboration with AbbVie. Our masked TCEs are designed with a masked CD3 targeting domain and one or more tumor-associated antigen, or TAA, binding domains as part of the core molecule design. In addition, our modular architecture enables the incorporation of a co-stimulatory domain designed to further enhance potency and durability of T cell response, as well as the potential to mask the TAA binding domain(s) and/or mask the co-stimulatory signaling domain. Upon tumor-selective activation, our TCE molecules are designed to release a potent, short half-life TCE in the tumor microenvironment.

We are advancing IND-enabling studies for a potential first-in-class masked TCE program targeting CLDN18.2 and a potential first-in-class multi-specific, masked TCE program targeting PSMA and STEAP1 with built-in co-stimulatory signaling. CLDN18.2 is a TAA expressed in gastrointestinal cancers (gastric, pancreatic and esophageal), and PSMA and STEAP1 are TAAs expressed in prostate cancer. We plan to submit INDs for our CLDN18.2 and PSMA+STEAP1 programs in the second half of 2027.

Efarindodekin alfa: masked IL-12

We are evaluating efarindodekin alfa as a monotherapy in an ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors under our license agreement with Gilead and expect to deliver an option data package to Gilead in the first half of 2027.

Liquidity Overview

To date, we have financed our operations primarily from proceeds raised through private placements of equity securities; sales of common stock in our initial public offering, or IPO, and through “at-the-market” offerings; the sale of prefunded warrants in our June 2025 and February 2026 follow-on offerings; the exercise of certain common stock warrants issued in connection with our June 2025 follow-on offering; development event payments under our co-funded clinical trial collaboration with F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., or Roche; and upfront payments and milestone payments under our collaboration and license agreements with AbbVie and Gilead. All of our programs are in early clinical or preclinical development. As a result, we have not generated any revenue from product sales and do not expect to generate any revenue from product sales for at least the next several years, if at all. Our ability to generate product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend heavily on the successful development and eventual commercialization of one or more of our product candidates, if approved. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development, we are unable to predict the timing or amount of increased expenses or when or if we will be able to achieve profitability. Even if we are able to generate revenue from product sales, we may not become profitable.

Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses, including net losses of $15.9 million and $29.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and a net loss of $35.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. As of June 30, 2026, we had an accumulated deficit of $434.7 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future, particularly to the extent we:

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continue to advance our current research programs and conduct additional research programs;

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advance our current product candidates and any future product candidates we may develop into preclinical and clinical development;

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seek marketing approvals for product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials, if any;

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obtain, expand, maintain, defend and enforce our intellectual property;

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continue to discover, validate and develop additional product candidates;

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continue to manufacture increasing quantities of our current or future product candidates for use in preclinical studies, clinical trials and for any potential commercialization;

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acquire or in-license other product candidates, technologies or intellectual property;

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hire additional personnel to support current or future programs;

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establish a commercial and distribution infrastructure to commercialize products for which we may obtain marketing approval, if any; and

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incur additional costs associated with current and future research, development and commercialization efforts and operations as a public company.

As a result, we will need substantial additional capital to support our continuing operations and pursue our strategy. As of June 30, 2026, we had cash and cash equivalents of $136.0 million. In the second quarter of 2026, we achieved a $6.0 million development milestone related to the collaboration agreement with AbbVie, which we received in the third quarter of 2026. Based on our current operating plans, we anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2026, together with the $6.0 million development milestone achieved under the AbbVie collaboration in the second quarter of 2026, will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the first quarter of 2028. This estimate excludes up to $36.2 million in additional gross proceeds in the second half of 2026 if all outstanding Series C warrants are exercised at their current exercise price and any potential additional milestone payments, option-related fees or other contingent payments under our collaboration and license agreements with AbbVie and Gilead, including up to $31.0 million in near-term milestones and option extension fees that could be achieved under the AbbVie collaboration through the first half of 2027.

In addition, we have based our estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could exhaust our available capital resources sooner than we anticipate. We expect our operating losses and negative operating cash flows to continue for the foreseeable future as we continue to advance our pipeline of novel, masked I-O molecules through preclinical and clinical development, maintain the infrastructure necessary to support these activities and continue to incur costs associated with operating as a public company.