VERRA MOBILITY Corp

1. Description of Business

Verra Mobility Corporation (collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Verra Mobility”) offers integrated technology solutions and services to its customers who are located throughout the world, primarily within the United States, Australia, Europe, and Canada. Verra Mobility’s goal is to make transportation safer, smarter, and more connected through its integrated, data-driven solutions, including toll and violations management, title and registration services, automated safety and traffic enforcement, and commercial parking management. The Company brings together vehicles, hardware, software, data, and people to solve transportation challenges for customers around the world. The Company is organized into three operating segments: Commercial Services, Government Solutions, and Parking Solutions (see Note 14, Segment Reporting).

The Commercial Services segment offers automated toll and violations management and title and registration solutions to rental car companies (“RACs”), direct commercial fleet owner-operators (“Direct Fleets”) and fleet management companies (“FMCs”), and other large fleet owners in North America. Through established relationships with individual tolling authorities throughout the United States, Commercial Services’ toll and violations management solutions facilitate timely payment of tolls and violations incurred by its customers’ vehicles, accurate transfer of liability on customers’ behalf, and billing of, and collections from, individual drivers. It also manages regional toll transponder installation and vehicle association—a critical and highly complex process for RAC, Direct Fleet, and FMC customers—to ensure that transponders and corresponding toll transactions are associated with the correct vehicle. In Europe, the Commercial Services segment provides violations processing through Euro Parking Collection plc and consumer tolling services through Pagatelia S.L.U.

The Government Solutions segment provides photo enforcement automated safety solutions to states, municipalities, counties, school districts, and law enforcement agencies of all sizes, primarily in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The Company’s proprietary technologies are designed to provide government agencies with the information, data, and automated end-to-end administrative capabilities to enforce traffic violations through photo enforcement, with the goal of reducing traffic violations and resulting collisions, injuries, and fatalities. The Company installs, maintains, and manages hardware and software automated safety solutions to process event data, apply customer-specific rules, and connect traffic violations to responsible drivers or vehicle owners on behalf of customers. The Company also offers an end-to-end solution, in which it automatically sends captured events to a customer’s designated enforcement agency, and, once a violation is confirmed, the Company manages citation mailing, billing, and other administrative tasks on behalf of the customer. The international operations for this segment primarily involve the sale of traffic enforcement products and recurring maintenance services related to the equipment and software.

The Parking Solutions segment provides an integrated suite of parking software, transaction processing, and hardware solutions to its customers, which include universities, municipalities, healthcare facilities, and commercial parking operators. This segment develops specialized hardware and parking management software that provides a platform for the issuance of parking permits, enforcement, gateless vehicle counting, event parking, and citation services. It also produces and markets its proprietary software as a service to customers throughout the United States and Canada.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies from those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Management believes that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable in the circumstances; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Significant customers are those which represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue or accounts receivable, net.

Revenue from a single Government Solutions customer exceeded 10% of total revenue. The City of New York Department of Transportation (“NYCDOT”) represented 15.2% and 15.4% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. NYCDOT represented 23.9% and 31.1% of total accounts receivable, net as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Additionally, due to quarter-end billing timing, there is approximately $20.2 million of unbilled revenue related to NYCDOT as of March 31, 2026. There is no material reserve related to NYCDOT open receivables as amounts are deemed collectible based on current conditions and expectations. No other Government Solutions customer exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable, net as of March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

Significant customer revenues were generated through three of the Company’s Commercial Services customers, with each exceeding 10% of total revenue. Commercial Services Customer A represented 13.3% and 15.7% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Commercial Services Customer B represented 11.9% of total revenue for both of the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Commercial Services Customer C represented 10.0% and 10.3% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. No Commercial Services customer exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable, net as of March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

There wereno significant customer concentrations that exceeded 10% of total revenue or accounts receivable, net for the Parking Solutions segment as of or for any period presented.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company reviews historical credit losses and customer payment trends on receivables and develops loss estimates as of the balance sheet date, which includes adjustments for current and future expectations. It identifies pools of receivables based on the type of business, industry in which the customer operates and historical credit loss patterns. The Company uses collection assumptions (typically at the customer level) to estimate expected credit losses. Receivables are written off against the allowance for credit losses when it is probable that amounts will not be collected based on the terms of the customer contracts, and subsequent recoveries reverse the previous write-off and apply to the receivable in the period recovered. No interest or late fees are charged on delinquent accounts. The Company periodically evaluates the adequacy of its allowance for expected credit losses and adjusts appropriately.

The following presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respect ively:

(1)

This primarily consists of receivables from drivers of rental cars for which the Company bills on behalf of its customers. Receivables not collected from drivers within a defined number of days are transferred to customers subject to applicable bad debt sharing agreements. The allowance for credit losses for driver-billed receivables was 82%of the total Commercial Services allowance for credit losses as of both March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Deferred revenue represents amounts that have been invoiced in advance and are expected to be recognized as revenue in future periods, and primarily relates to Government Solutions and Parking Solutions customers. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $9.4 million and $8.9 million of deferred revenue in the Government Solutions segment, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized $3.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively, of revenue, excluding exchange rate impact, related to amounts that were included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $17.5 million and $20.1 million of deferred revenue in the Parking Solutions segment, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized $9.1 million and $10.0 million, respectively, of revenue, excluding exchange rate impact, related to amounts that were included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Remaining performance obligations represent the amount of contracted future revenue not yet recognized as the amounts relate to undelivered performance obligations, including both deferred revenue and non-cancelable contracted amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The Company elected the practical expedients to omit disclosure for the amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations with original expected contract length of one year or less and the amount that relates to variable consideration allocated to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation to transfer a distinct good or service within a series of distinct goods or services that form a single performance obligation. As of March 31, 2026, total transaction price allocated to performance obligations in the Government Solutions segment that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $194.8 million, of which $76.1 million is expected to be recognized as revenue in the next twelve months and the rest over the remaining performance obligation period.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The ASU requires public companies to disclose, in the notes to financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period at a disaggregated level. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard on its financial statements and disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The ASU removes all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages. The ASU requires entities to begin capitalizing software costs when management authorizes and commits to funding the software project and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used for its intended purpose. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The guidance can be applied on a prospective basis, a modified basis for in-process projects, or on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard on its financial statements and disclosures.

3. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following at:

4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment:

Intangible assets consist of the following as of the respective period-ends:

Amortization expense was $15.6 million and $16.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense in future years is expected to be:

5. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following at:

6. Debt, Net

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s debt, net at:

(1)Other debt consists of immaterial equipment financing arrangements entered into in the normal course of business, including certain equipment leases accounted for as financing arrangements.

2021 Term Loan and Amended Term Loan

In March 2021, VM Consolidated, Inc. (“VM Consolidated”), the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement No.1 to the First Lien Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “2021 Term Loan”) with a syndicate of lenders. The 2021 Term Loan had an aggregate borrowing of $900.0 million, maturing on March 24, 2028. In connection with the 2021 Term Loan borrowings, the Company had $4.6 million of offering discount costs and $4.5 million in deferred financing costs, both of which were capitalizedand amortized over the life of the 2021 Term Loan. Such offering discount costs and deferred financing costs have subsequently been adjusted as needed as a result of refinancing activity discussed below which prompted re-evaluation of unamortized amounts on a lender-by-lender basis.

In October 2025, VM Consolidated and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into the Amendment and Restatement Agreement No. 2 to the Amended and Restated First Lien Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of March 26, 2021 (such agreement amended and restated, the “Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement”), to refinance the existing senior secured term loans in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of approximately $688.8 million with a new senior secured term loan of the same principal amount maturing on October 15, 2032 (the “Amended Term Loan”). The proceeds from the Amended Term Loan were used in their entirety to prepay in full the outstanding principal amount of the existing term loan under the 2021 Term Loan agreement.

The Amended Term Loan bears interest at a per annum rate equal to SOFR plus an applicable margin of 2.00%, or a base rate plus an applicable margin of 1.00%. As of March 31, 2026, the interest rate on the Amended Term Loan was 5.7%. The Amended Term Loan amortizes in equal quarterly installments in aggregate amounts equal to 1.00% of the original principal amount of the Amended Term Loan beginning March 31, 2026, with the balance payable at maturity, is subject to mandatory prepayment provisions upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and is repayable at any time at the borrowers’ election, provided that repayment of the Amended Term Loan with proceeds of certain indebtedness prior to the six-month anniversary of October 17, 2025 will require a prepayment premium of 1.00% of the aggregate principal amount of such prepayment. The Company evaluated the refinancing transactions on a lender-by-lender basis and accounted accordingly for debt extinguishment and debt modification costs (for the portion of the transactions that did not meet the accounting criteria for debt extinguishment).

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company made a quarterly repayment of $1.7 million on the Amended Term Loan. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company made a voluntary prepayment totaling$2.3 million on the 2021 Term Loan. As a result, the total principal outstanding was $685.4 million as of March 31, 2026.

The Company recorded less than $0.1 million of loss on extinguishment of debt for the three months ended March 31, 2025, related to the write-off of pre-existing deferred fina ncing costs and discounts in connection with the early repayment.

In addition, the Amended Term Loan requires mand atory prepayments equal to the product of the excess cash flows of the Company (as defined in the Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement) and the applicable prepayment percentages (calculated as of the last day of the fiscal year), as set forth in the following table:

Senior Notes

In March 2021, VM Consolidated issued an aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million in Senior Unsecured Notes (the “Senior Notes”), due on April 15, 2029. In connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes, the Company incurred $5.7 million in lender and third-party costs, which were capitalized as deferred financing costs and are being amortized over the remaining life of the Senior Notes.

Interest on the Senior Notes is fixed at 5.50% per annum and is payable on April 15 and October 15 of each year. The Company may redeem all or a portion of the Senior Notes at a redemption price of 101.375% plus accrued and unpaid interest through April 2026 and at face value plus accrued and unpaid interest thereafter.

The Revolver

The Company entered into a Revolving Credit Agreement in March 2018 (the “Revolver”) with a commitment of up to $75.0 million available for loans and letters of credit. In May 2025, pursuant to an amendment thereto, such commitment was increased to $125.0 million. On October 17, 2025, certain of the Company’s direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, including VM Consolidated, entered into the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement (the “Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement”) to amend and restate the Revolver (the “Amended Revolver”). The Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement provides for a $150.0 million senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility with a $35.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit, and matures on October 17, 2030 (subject to an earlier maturity date in certain circumstances).

Outstanding borrowings under the Amended Revolver accrue interest at per annum rate equal to SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% or a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75%, in each case, depending on the quarterly average undrawn availability under the Amended Revolver in the prior quarter. The Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement also provides for the option, subject to receiving additional commitments from lenders and the satisfaction of certain conditions, to increase the loan commitments under the Amended Revolver by up to an amount equal to the greater of (x) $75.0 million and (y) the amount by which the borrowing base exceeds the aggregate commitments at such time. There were $26.0 million of outstanding borrowings on the Amended Revolver as of March 31, 2026. There wereno outstanding borrowings on the Amended Revolver as of December 31, 2025. The availability to borrow was $78.3 million at March 31, 2026, calculated as the Company's borrowing base which consists of certain eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances, less any outstanding borrowings and letters of credit up to the maximum commitment available.

A commitment fee on the unused portion of the Amended Revolver is payable quarterly at (x) an annual rate of 0.375%, when quarterly average usage was less than 50% of the loan commitments in the prior quarter or (y) an annual rate of 0.250%, when quarterly average usage of the Amended Revolver was greater than or equal to 50% of the loan commitments in the prior quarter. The Company is also required to pay participation and fronting fees at 1.38% on $3.7 million of outstanding letters of credit as of March 31, 2026.

All borrowings and other extensions of credits under the Amended Term Loan, Senior Notes and the Amended Revolver are subject to the satisfaction of customary conditions and restrictive covenants including absence of defaults and accuracy in material respects of representations and warranties. Substantially all of the Company’s assets are pledged as collateral under the Amended Term Loan and the Amended Revolver. At March 31, 2026, the Company was compliant with all debt covenants in its debt agreements.

From time to time, the Company enters into equipment financing arrangements in the normal course of business, including certain equipment leases accounted for as financing arrangements. Amounts outstanding under these arrangements are included in "Other debt" in the table above and were not material to the Company’s overall financial position as of March 31, 2026.

Interest Expense, Net

The Company recorded interest expense, including amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts, of $15.4 million and $16.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

The weighted average effective interest rate on the Company’s outstanding borrowings was 5.6% as of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, includes a single definition of fair value to be used for financial reporting purposes, provides a framework for applying this definition and for measuring fair value under GAAP, and establishes a fair value hierarchy that categorizes into three levels the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are summarized as follows:

Level 1 –Fair value is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Fair value is determined using quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 – Fair value is determined using one or more significant inputs that are unobservable in active markets at the measurement date, such as a pricing model, discounted cash flow, or similar technique.

The carrying amounts reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the immediate to short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of the Company’s debt, net was calculated based upon available market information. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of debt, net are as follows:

(1)Other debt consists of immaterial equipment financing arrangements entered into in the normal course of business, including certain equipment leases accounted for as financing arrangements.

As a result of a legal settlement finalized in February 2026, the Company received ordinary shares of a publicly traded company based in Australia. The shares are classified as short-term investments within the prepaid expenses and other current assets line on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value on a quarterly basis. The fair value of these shares is determined using quoted closing market prices on the Australian Securities Exchange, an active exchange, as of the measurement date. Accordingly, the investment is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The following summarizes the change in fair value of equity securities included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income which consists of adjustments related to the equity securities re-measured to fair value at the end of the reporting period:

The Company has an equity investment measured at cost with a carrying value of $2.1 million and $2.0 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and is only adjusted to fair value if there are identified events that would indicate a need for an upward or downward adjustment or changes in circumstances that may indicate impairment. The estimation of fair value requires the use of significant unobservable inputs, such as voting rights and obligations in the securities held, and is therefore classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. There were no identified events that required a fair value adjustment during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

8. Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net income per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method.

The components of basic and diluted net income per share are as follows:

9. Income Taxes

The Company’s interim income tax provision is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that period. The estimated annual effective tax rate requires judgment and is dependent upon several factors. The Company provides for income taxes under the liability method. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements.

The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that these items will expire before the Company is able to realize their benefit. The Company calculates the valuation allowance in accordance with the authoritative guidance relating to income taxes, which requires an assessment of both positive and negative evidence regarding the realizability of these deferred tax assets, when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.

The Company’s effective income tax rate was 33.9% and 27.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

10. Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchases and Retirement

In October 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to an aggregate amount of $100.0 million of its outstanding shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 (the “Class A Common Stock”), over an 18-month period. After the Company repurchased an aggregate 3.5 million shares for approximately $87.3 million in fiscal year 2024, in December 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $100.0 million of its outstanding shares under the then-existing program, providing the Company with approximately $112.7 million available for repurchases. In December 2024, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (“ASR”) with a third-party financial institution and paid $112.7 million to receive an initial delivery of 3,821,958 shares of its Class A Common Stock. The final settlement occurred on March 3, 2025, at which time, the Company received an additional 685,934 shares of Class A Common Stock calculated using a volume-weighted average price over the term of the ASR agreement. In connection with the settlement, the Company reduced the par value from common stock and $2.4 million from additional paid-in capital calculated using an average share price, with an offset of $2.4 million to accumulated deficit on the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity. All repurchased shares were subsequently retired. The prior repurchase authorization expired on April 30, 2025.

In May 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program for up to an aggregate amount of $100.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock over an 18-month period. On October 23, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $150.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock under the existing May 2025 program, providing the Company with $250.0 million available for repurchases. Duringthe fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, the Company paid $133.4 million to repurchase 6,028,853 shares of its Class A Common Stock through open market transactions, which shares it subsequently retired.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2026, the Company paid $50.2 million to repurchase 2,215,800 shares of its Class A Common Stock through open market transactions, which shares it subsequently retired. In addition, the Company recorded approximately $0.5 million within accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2026 for direct costs related to the excise tax payable on net share repurchases. In connection with these repurchases, the Company reduced the par value from common stock and $7.8 million from additional paid-in capital calculated using an average share price, and by increasing accumulated deficit for the remaining cost of $42.4 million. As of March 31, 2026, $66.3 million remains available under the Company’s authorized share repurchase program.

11. Stock-Based Compensation

The following details the components of stock-based compensation for the respective periods:

12. Tax Receivable Agreement

In October 2018, the Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement (“TRA”) with PE Greenlight Holdings, LLC. On August 3, 2022, PE Greenlight Holdings, LLC sold and transferred to Lakeside Smart Holdco L.P (“Lakeside”), all of its rights, remaining interests and obligations as of that date under the TRA. The TRA provides for the payment to Lakeside of 50.0% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that the Company actually realizes (or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances) under the agreement. The Company generally retains the benefit of the remaining 50.0% of these cash savings. The Company estimated the potential maximum benefit to be paid will be approximately $70.0 million, and recorded an initial liability and corresponding charge to equity at the inception of the TRA.

At March 31, 2026, the TRA liability was $43.7 million of which approximately $5.3 million was the current portion and $38.4 million was the non-current portion, both of which are included in the respective taxreceivable agreement liability line items on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company has issued various letters of credit under contractual arrangements with certain of its domestic and international vendors and customers. Outstanding letters of credit under these arrangem ents totaled $3.7 million at March 31, 2026. Additionally, the Company had $2.8 million of bank guarantees at March 31, 2026 required to support bids and contracts with certain international customers.

The Company is subject to tax audits in the normal course of business and does not have material contingencies recorded related to such audits.

The Company accrues for claims and contingencies when losses become probable and reasonably estimable. As of the end of each applicable reporting period, the Company reviews each of its matters and, where it is probable that a liability has been or will be incurred, the Company accrues for all probable and reasonably estimable losses. Where the Company can reasonably estimate a range of loss it may incur regarding such a matter, the Company records an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes its best estimate. If the Company can reasonably estimate a range but no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, the Company uses the amount that is the low end of such range.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to legal and regulatory actions that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a liability when it believes it is probable a loss will be incurred, and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. The assessment as to whether a loss is probable, reasonably possible or remote, and as to whether a loss or a range of such loss is estimable, often involves significant judgment about future events. When necessary, the Company accrues estimated amounts related to legal proceedings within accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The ultimate cost of litigation or settlement could be materially different than the amount of the current estimates and accruals and could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Brantley v. City of Gretnais a class action lawsuit filed in the 24th Judicial District Court of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana against the City of Gretna (the “City”) and its safety camera vendor, Redflex Traffic Systems, Inc., in April 2016. The Company acquired Redflex Traffic Systems, Inc. as part of its June 2021 purchase of Redflex Holdings Limited. The plaintiff class, which was certified on March 30, 2021, alleged that the City’s safety camera program was implemented and operated in violation of local ordinances and the state constitution, including that the City’s hearing process violated the plaintiffs’ due process rights for lack of a “neutral” arbiter of liability for traffic infractions. Plaintiffs sought recovery of traffic infraction fines paid. The City and Redflex Traffic Systems, Inc. appealed the trial court’s ruling granting class certification, which was denied, and their petition for discretionary review of the certification ruling by the Louisiana Supreme Court was declined. The parties entered into a settlement agreement and preliminary approval was granted by the court in April 2025. The court provided final approval of the settlement on September 18, 2025. The settlement did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or income statement. The class action settlement has been fully administered and a final dismissal order was entered on March 11, 2026.

14. Segment Reporting

The Company hasthree operating and reportable segments: Commercial Services, Government Solutions, and Parking Solutions. Commercial Services offers toll and violation management solutions and title and registration services to RACs, Direct Fleets, FMCs, and other large fleet owners. Government Solutions offers photo enforcement automated safety solutions and services to states, municipalities, counties, school districts, and law enforcement agencies of all sizes. Parking Solutions provides an integrated suite of parking software, transaction processing and hardware solutions to its customers.

The operating and reportable segments were determined based on how the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) regularly reviews the operating results of the various components of the Company for which discrete financial information is available, including based on the nature of the products and services and the type of customer. The Company defines the CODM as its Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s CODM primarily uses actual revenues and segment profit (defined below) as compared to previously budgeted amounts to evaluate the operating performance, allocate resources, and deploy capital to the segments.

Segment performance is based on revenues and income from operations before depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation. The measure also excludes interest expense, net, income taxes and certain other transactions and is inclusive of other income, net. The tables below refer to this measure as segment profit. The aforementioned items are not indicative of operating performance, and, as a result, are not included in the measures that are reviewed by the CODM for the segments. Other income, net included in segment profit below consists primarily of credit card rebates earned on the prepayment of tolling transactions and gains or losses on foreign currency transactions and excludes certain non-operating expenses inapplicable to segments.

The CODM does not use discrete asset information to evaluate operating performance at the segment level, and as such, the Company has not reported assets disaggregated by reportable segment.

The following tables set forth financial information by segment for the respective periods:

(1)This consists of depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation, and other costs to reconcile to total income before income taxes.

(1)This consists of depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation, and other costs to reconcile to total income before income taxes.

The Company provides information on credit loss expense by reportable segment, refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, for additional details.

The Company primarily operates within the United States, Australia, United Kingdom, Canada, and in various other countries in Europe and Asia. The following table details the revenues from international operations for the respective periods: