APARTMENT INVESTMENT & MANAGEMENT CO

Capital additions

We capitalize costs, including certain indirect costs, incurred in connection with our capital additions activities, including redevelopments, other tangible apartment community improvements, and replacements of existing community components. Included in these capitalized costs are payroll costs associated with time spent by employees in connection with the planning, execution, and control of all capital addition activities at our communities. We characterize as “indirect costs” an allocation of certain department costs, including payroll, at the area operations and corporate levels that clearly relate to capital addition activities. We also capitalize interest, property taxes, and insurance during periods in which construction projects are in progress. We commence capitalization of costs, including certain indirect costs, incurred in connection with our capital addition activities, at the point in time when activities necessary to get communities, apartment homes, or leased spaces ready for their intended use begin. These activities include when communities, apartment homes or leased spaces are undergoing physical construction, as well as when homes or leased spaces are held vacant in advance of planned construction, provided that other activities such as permitting, planning, and design are in progress. We cease the capitalization of costs when the capital additions activities are suspended or when communities or components thereof are substantially complete and ready for their intended use, which is typically when construction has been completed and homes or leased spaces are available for occupancy. We charge costs including ordinary repairs, maintenance, and resident turnover costs to property operating expense, as incurred.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we capitalized to buildings and improvements$12.9 million, $21.5 million, and $39.7 million of interest costs, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we capitalized to buildings and improvements$5.7 million, $8.0 million, and $14.3 million of indirect costs, respectively.

Assets held for sale and discontinued operations

We classify properties as held for sale when they meet the GAAP criteria, which include (among others): (a) management commits to and initiates a plan to sell the asset; (b) the sale is probable and expected to be completed within one year under terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets; and (c) actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn, which is typically indicated by receipt of a significant, non-refundable deposit from the buyer pursuant to a sales contract. We present the assets and liabilities of any real estate properties held for sale separately in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Properties held for sale are measured at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less the cost to sell. Upon the classification of an asset as held for sale, no further depreciation is recorded.

In connection with the held for sale evaluation, if the disposal or intended disposal represents a strategic shift in operations (e.g., a disposal of a major geographic area or a major line of business) that has, or will have, a major effect on our consolidated financial statements, then the property is presented as discontinued operations. For any property qualifying for classification as discontinued operations, the components of net income (loss) presented as discontinued operations are primarily comprised of rental and other property revenues, property operating expenses, depreciation and amortization, and interest expense. We reclassify interest expense related to property debt within discontinued operations when the related property is sold or classified as held for sale. For periods prior to the property qualifying for discontinued operations, we reclassify the results of operations to discontinued operations. The net gain on sale is presented in discontinued operations when recognized. We combine the operating, investing, and financing portions of cash flows attributable to discontinued operations with respective cash flows from continuing operations in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. See Note 14 for additional information regarding assets held for sale and discontinued operations. Unless otherwise noted or separately presented, the information disclosed in Note 3 through Note 16 (with the exception of Note 14) refer only to our continuing operations and do not include discussion of balances or activity related to the properties presented within discontinued operations.

Impairment of real estate and other long-lived assets

Real estate and other long-lived assets to be held and used are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, unless the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, we assess its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to our estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows, excluding interest charges, of the asset. If the carrying amount exceeds the aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. The future cash flows utilized in the evaluation of recoverability and the measurement of fair value are highly subjective and are based on assumptions, such as anticipated hold periods, future occupancy, future rental or room rates, discount rates, capitalization rates, and recent sales data for comparable properties. In the year ended December 31, 2025, we assessed our properties for impairment as a result of a change in estimated hold period, and, for certain development pipeline properties, the decision not to pursue development given the Plan of Sale and Liquidation. Our assessment resulted in$147.5 million of impairment recognized on certain properties located within Colorado's Front Range and Southeast Florida for the year ended December 31, 2025. The properties are presented within the Development and Other segments within Note 15. There wereno such impairments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.