APARTMENT INVESTMENT & MANAGEMENT CO

Aimco

Aimco has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1994, and has not revoked such election. A REIT is a corporate entity which holds real estate interests and can deduct from its federally taxable income qualifying dividends it pays if it meets a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it distribute at least 90% of its adjusted taxable income to stockholders. Therefore, as a REIT, Aimco generally will not be subject to corporate level federal income tax on its taxable income if it annually distributes 100% of its taxable income to its stockholders.

The states in which we operate generally have similar tax provisions which recognize Aimco as a REIT for state income tax purposes. We believe that all such conditions for the exemption from income taxes on ordinary income have been or will be met for the periods presented. Accordingly, no provision for federal and state income taxes has been made. If Aimco fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal corporate income taxes at regular corporate rates and may not be able to qualify as a corporate REIT for four subsequent taxable years. Even if Aimco qualifies for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income and in certain other instances.

Taxable income from activities performed through our taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”) is subject to federal, state and local income taxes. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we recognized income tax benefit (expense) attributable to continuing operations of$57.6 million,$11.1 million, and$12.8 million, respectively.

Our income tax benefit (expense) calculated in accordance with GAAP includes income taxes associated with the income or loss of our TRS entities. Income taxes, as well as changes in valuation allowance and incremental deferred tax items in conjunction with intercompany asset transfers and internal restructurings (if applicable), are included in Income tax benefit (expense) in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

When applicable, we recognize interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions within Income tax benefit (expense) in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we didnot have any material accrued interest or penalties. Aimco and itssubsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions.

Aimco Operating Partnership is treated as a “pass-through” entity for United States federal income tax purposes and is not subject to United States federal income taxation. Partners in Aimco Operating Partnership, however, are subject to tax on their allocable share of partnership income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits, regardless of whether the partners receive any actual distributions of cash or other property from Aimco Operating Partnership during the taxable year. Generally, the characterization of any particular item is determined by Aimco Operating Partnership rather than at the partner level, and the amount of a partner’s allocable share of such item is governed by the terms of Aimco Operating Partnership’s Partnership agreement. Aimco Operating Partnership is subject to tax in certain states.