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CVB FINANCIAL CORP

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 27, 2026.

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A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Feb 27, 2026

CVBF$22.74-0.5%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

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Contents

RISK MANAGEMENT

All financial institutions must manage and control a variety of business risks that can significantly affect their financial performance. Our Board of Directors (“Board”) and executive management team have overall and ultimate responsibility for management of these risks, which they carry out through committees with specific and well-defined risk management functions. The Risk Management Program that we have adopted seeks to implement the proper control and management of key risk factors inherent in the operation of the Company and the Bank. Some of the key risks that we must manage are credit risks, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, market risks, transaction risk, compliance risk, strategic risk (including reputation risk), legal risk, and cybersecurity risk. These specific risk factors are not mutually exclusive. It is recognized that any product or service offered by us may expose the Bank to one or more of these risks. Our Risk Management Committee and Risk Management Division monitor these risks to minimize exposure to the Company. The Board and its committees work closely with management in overseeing risk. Each Board committee receives reports and information regarding risk issues directly from management.

Credit Risk Management

Loans represent the largest component of assets on our balance sheet and their related credit risk is among the most significant risks we manage. We define credit risk as the risk of loss associated with a borrower or counterparty default (failure to meet obligations in accordance with agreed upon terms). Credit risk is found in all activities where success depends on a counter party, issuer, or borrower performance. Credit risk arises through the extension of loans and leases, certain securities, and letters of credit.

Natural disasters, such as storms, earthquakes, drought and other weather conditions, effects of pandemics, and problems related to possible climate changes, social unrest or protest, may from time-to-time cause or create the risk of damage to facilities, buildings, property or other assets of Bank customers, borrowers or municipal debt issuers. This could in turn affect their financial condition or results of operations and as a consequence their ability or capacity to repay debt or fulfill other obligations to the Bank.

Credit risk in the investment portfolio and correspondent bank accounts is in part addressed through defined limits in the Company’s policy statements. In addition, certain securities carry insurance to enhance the credit quality of the bond. Limitations on industry concentration, aggregate customer borrowings, geographic boundaries and standards on loan quality also are designed to reduce loan credit risk. Senior Management, Directors’ Committees, and the Board are provided with information to appropriately identify, measure, control and monitor the credit risk of the Company.

The Bank’s loan policy is updated annually and approved by the Board. It prescribes underwriting guidelines and procedures for all loan categories in which the Bank participates to establish risk tolerance and parameters that are communicated throughout the Bank to ensure consistent and uniform lending practices. The underwriting guidelines include, among other things, approval limitation and hierarchy, documentation standards, loan-to-value limits, debt coverage ratio, overall credit-worthiness of the borrower, guarantor support, etc. All loan requests considered by the Bank should be for a clearly defined legitimate purpose with a determinable primary source, as well as alternate sources of repayment. All loans should be supported by appropriate documentation including, current financial statements, credit reports, collateral information, guarantor asset verification, tax returns, title reports, appraisals (where appropriate), and other documents of quality that will support the credit.

The major lending categories are owner-occupied and non owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans, SBA loans, construction loans, residential real estate loans, and various consumer loan products. Loans underwritten to borrowers within these diverse categories require underwriting and documentation suited to the unique characteristics and inherent risks involved.

Commercial and industrial loans require credit structures that are tailored to the specific purpose of the business loan, involving a thorough analysis of the borrower’s business, cash flow, collateral, industry risks, economic risks, credit, character, and guarantor support. Owner-occupied real estate loans are primarily based upon the capacity and stability of the cash flow generated by the occupying business and the market value of the collateral, among other things. Non owner-occupied real estate is typically underwritten to the income produced by the subject property and many considerations unique to the various types of property (i.e. office, retail, warehouse, shopping center, medical, etc.), as well as, the financial support provided by sponsors in recourse transactions. Construction loans will often depend on the specific characteristics of the project, the market for the specific development, real estate values, and the equity and financial strength of the sponsors. Dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans are largely predicated on the revenue cycles and demand for milk and crops, commodity prices, collateral values of herd, feed, and income-producing dairies or croplands, and the financial support of the guarantors. Underwriting of residential real estate and consumer loans are generally driven by personal income and debt service capacity, credit history and scores, and collateral values.

SBA loans require credit structures that conform to the various requirements of the SBA programs specific to the type of loan request and the Bank’s loan policy as it relates to these loans. The SBA 7(a) loans are similar to the commercial and industrial loans that are tailored to the specific purpose of the business loan. Once granted, the SBA 7(a) loans require the Bank to follow SBA servicing guidelines to maintain the SBA guaranty which typically ranges from 75% to 90% depending on the type of 7(a) loan. SBA 504 loans are similar to the Bank’s Owner-occupied real estate loans. When the Bank funds an SBA 504 transaction, which includes the 50% - 65% first trust deed loan and the 25% - 40% second trust deed loan, the initial risk is centered in completing the SBA’s requirements to provide for the payoff of the second trust deed loan from the subordinated debenture. Once the 504 second is paid off, the remaining first trust deed loan is then managed under the same requirements applied to the Bank’s owner-occupied commercial real estate loans. It should be noted that both the SBA 7(a) and 504 programs provide loans for commercial real estate acquisition. Additionally, the interest rates for the 7(a) program are typically variable and can adjust as often as monthly with quarterly adjustment the most typical. SBA 504 loan interest rates for the first trust deed loan are at the Bank’s discretion and subject to competitive pressures from other banks.

Implicit in lending activities is the risk that losses will occur and that the amount of such losses will vary over time. Consequently, we maintain an Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) by charging a provision for credit losses to earnings. Loans determined to be losses are charged against the allowance for credit losses. In this regard, it is important to note that the Bank’s practice with regard to these loans, including modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, is to generally charge off any loss amount against the ACL upon evaluating the loan at the time a probable loss becomes recognized. As such, the Bank’s specific allowance for loans, including modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, is relatively low since any known loss amount will generally have been charged off.

Central to our credit risk management is its loan risk rating system. The originating credit officer assigns borrowers an initial risk rating, which is reviewed and possibly changed by credit management. The risk rating is based primarily on an analysis of each borrower’s financial capacity in conjunction with industry and economic trends. Credit approvals are made based upon our evaluation of the inherent credit risk specific to the transaction and are reviewed for appropriateness by senior line and credit management personnel. Credits are monitored by line and credit management personnel for deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition, which would impact the ability of the borrower to perform under the contract. Risk ratings may be adjusted as necessary.

Loans are risk rated into the following categories: Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. Each of these groups is assessed and appropriate amounts used in determining the adequacy of our ACL. Nonperforming and Doubtful loans are analyzed on an individual basis for allowance amounts. The other categories have formulae used to determine the needed allowance amount.

The Company obtains a semi-annual independent credit review by engaging an outside party to review a sample of our loans and leases. The primary purpose of this review is to evaluate our existing loan ratings.

Refer to additional discussion concerning loans, nonperforming assets, allowance for credit losses and related tables under the Analysis of Financial Condition contained herein.

Transaction Risk

Transaction risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from problems in service, activity or product delivery. This risk is significant within any bank and is interconnected with other risk categories in most activities throughout the Company. Transaction risk is a function of internal controls, information systems, associate integrity, and operating processes. Transaction risk is also referred to as operating or operational risk. It arises daily throughout the Company as transactions are processed. It pervades all divisions, departments and centers and is inherent in all products and services we offer.

Operational risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from inadequate or failed internal processes or systems, human errors or misconduct, or adverse external events. Operational losses result from internal or external fraud, employment practices and workplace safety, failure to meet professional obligations involving customers, products, and business practices, damage to physical assets, business disruption and systems failures, and failures in execution, delivery, and process management.

In general, transaction risk is defined as high, medium or low by the Company. The audit plan ensures that high risk areas are reviewed annually. We utilize internal auditors and independent audit firms to test key controls of operational processes and to audit information systems, compliance management programs, loan credit reviews and trust services.

The key to monitoring transaction risk is in the design, documentation and implementation of well-defined procedures. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurances of the effectiveness of these systems and controls, and that the objectives of these controls have been met.

Compliance Risk Management

Compliance risk (also known as Regulatory risk) is the risk to earnings or capital arising from violations of, or non-conformance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, or ethical standards. Compliance risk also arises in situations where the laws or rules governing certain products or activities of the Bank’s customers, vendors or business partners may be ambiguous or untested. Compliance risk exposes us to fines, civil money penalties, payment of damages, and the voiding of contracts. Compliance risk can also lead to a diminished reputation, reduced business value, limited business opportunities, lessened expansion potential, and lack of contract enforceability. The Company utilizes independent compliance audits as a means of assessing the effectiveness and identifying weaknesses in the compliance program.

There is no single or primary source of compliance risk. It is inherent in every activity. Frequently, it blends into operational risk and transaction risk. A portion of this risk is sometimes referred to as legal risk. This is not limited solely to risk from failure to comply with consumer protection laws; it encompasses all laws, as well as prudent ethical standards and contractual obligations. It also includes the exposure to litigation from all aspects of banking, traditional and non-traditional.

Our Risk Management Policy and Program and the Code of Ethical Conduct are cornerstones for controlling compliance risk. An integral part of controlling this risk is the proper training of associates. The Chief Risk Officer is responsible for developing and executing a comprehensive compliance training program. The Chief Risk Officer, in consultation with our internal and external legal counsel, seeks to provide our associates with adequate training commensurate to their job functions to ensure compliance with banking laws and regulations.

Our Risk Management Policy and Program includes a risk-based audit program aimed at identifying internal control deficiencies and weaknesses. The Compliance Management Program includes a monitoring process to address external and internal risks, including regulatory change management, the evolving products and services, and strategies of the front-line units and control functions. Additionally, in-depth audits are performed by our internal audit department under the direction of our Chief Audit Executive and supplemented by independent external firms. Annually, an Audit Plan for the Company is developed and presented for approval to the Audit Committee of the Board.

The Risk Management Division conducts periodic monitoring of our compliance efforts with a special focus on business and control functions, assessing the inherent compliance risk of activities and the effectiveness of controls, and identifying control weaknesses that are to be strengthened or enhanced. Any material exceptions identified are brought forward to the appropriate department head, and appropriate management and board committees. This reporting provides an independent view of compliance risk across the company, and supports transparent communication and management awareness of compliance risk.

We recognize that customer complaints can often identify weaknesses in our compliance program which could expose us to risk. Therefore, we attempt to ensure that all complaints are given prompt attention. Our Compliance Management Policy and Program include provisions on how customer complaints are to be addressed. The Chief Risk Officer reviews formal complaints to determine if a significant compliance risk exists and communicates those findings to the Compliance Management and Risk Management Committees.

Strategic Risk

Strategic risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from adverse decisions or improper implementation of strategic decisions. This risk is a function of the compatibility between an organization’s goals, the resources deployed against those goals and the quality of implementation.

Strategic risks are identified as part of the strategic planning process. Strategic planning sessions, with members of the Board of Directors, Executive Leadership, and Senior Leadership are held annually. The strategic review consists of results of strategic initiatives, an assessment of the economic outlook, competitive analysis, and an industry outlook, including a legislative and regulatory review.

Reputation risk is the risk to capital and earnings arising from negative public opinion. This affects the Bank’s ability to establish new relationships or services or continue servicing existing relationships. It can expose the Bank to litigation and, in some instances, financial loss. Reputation risk is inherent in all banking activities and requires management to exercise an abundance of caution in dealing with customers, counterparties, correspondence, investors, and the community. In addition, threats to the Bank’s reputation may result from negative publicity regarding matters such as unethical or deceptive business practices, violations of laws or regulations, regulatory enforcement actions, high profile litigation, or poor financial performance.

Cybersecurity Risk

Cybersecurity and fraud risk refers to the risk of failures, interruptions of services, or breaches of security with respect to the Company’s or the Bank’s communication, information, operations, devices, financial control, customer internet banking, customer information, email, data processing systems, or other bank or third party applications. The ability of the Company’s customers to bank remotely, including online and through mobile devices, requires secure transmission of confidential information and increases the risk of data security breaches. In addition, the Company and the Bank rely primarily on third party providers to develop, manage, maintain and protect our systems and applications. Any such failures, interruptions or fraud or security breaches, depending on the scope, duration, affected system(s) or customers(s), could expose the Company and/or the Bank to financial loss, reputation damage, litigation, or regulatory action. We continue to invest in technologies and training to protect our associates, our customers and our assets. While we have implemented various detective and preventative measures which seek to protect our Company, our customers’ information and the Bank from the risk of fraud, data security breaches or service interruptions, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective in preventing potential breaches or losses for us or our customers.

ASSET/LIABILITY AND MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT

Liquidity and Cash Flow

The objective of liquidity management is to ensure that funds are available in a timely manner to meet our financial obligations when they come due without incurring unnecessary cost or risk, or causing a disruption to our normal operating activities. This includes the ability to manage unplanned decreases or changes in funding sources, accommodating loan demand and growth, funding investments, repurchasing securities, paying creditors as necessary, and other operating or capital needs.

We regularly assess the amount and likelihood of projected funding requirements through a review of factors such as historical deposit volatility and funding patterns, present and forecasted market and economic conditions, individual customer funding needs, as well as current and planned business activities. Management has an Asset/Liability Committee that meets monthly. This committee analyzes the cash flows from loans, investments, deposits and borrowings, as well as the input assumptions and results from various models. In addition, the Company has a Balance Sheet Management Committee of the Board of Directors that meets at least quarterly to review the Company’s balance sheet and liquidity position. This committee provides oversight to the balance sheet and liquidity management process and recommends policy guidelines for the approval of our Board of Directors, and courses of action to address our actual and projected liquidity needs.

In general, our liquidity is managed daily by controlling the level of liquid assets as well as the use of funds provided by the cash flow from the investment portfolio, loan demand, deposit fluctuations, and borrowings. Our definition of liquid assets includes cash and cash equivalents in excess of minimum levels needed to fulfill normal business operations, short-term investment securities, and other anticipated near term cash flows from investments. In addition to on balance sheet liquidity, we have significant off-balance sheet sources of liquidity. To meet unexpected demands, lines of credit are maintained with correspondent banks, the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve, although availability under these lines of credit are subject to certain conditions. In addition to having more than $376 million of cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet at December 31, 2025, we had substantial sources of off-balance sheet liquidity. These sources of available liquidity include $4.1 billion of secured and unused capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank, $1.2 billion of secured unused borrowing capacity at the Fed’s discount window, more than $239 million of unpledged AFS securities that could be pledged at the discount window and $305 million of unsecured lines of credit. In addition to these borrowing sources, the Bank has capacity to utilize additional brokered deposits as of December 31, 2025. We can also obtain additional liquidity from deposit growth by utilizing state and national wholesale markets.

Our primary sources and uses of funds for the Company are deposits, customer repurchase agreements and loans. Total deposits and customer repos of $12.56 billion at December 31, 2025 increased $352.3 million, or 2.89%, over total deposits and customer repos of $12.21 billion at December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, total borrowings, consisted of $500 million of Federal Home Loan Bank advances, at an average cost of approximately 4.6%. Our deposit levels and cost of deposits may fluctuate from period-to-period due to a variety of factors, including the stability of our deposit base, prevailing interest rates, and market conditions. As most of our business customers need to operate with more than $250,000 in their operating account, we have a significant percentage of deposits that are uninsured. At December 31, 2025, our deposits and customer repurchase agreements that are neither collateralized nor insured were approximately $5.3 billion, or 42% of our total deposits and customer repos.

CVB is a holding company separate and apart from the Bank that must provide for its own liquidity and must service its own obligations. Substantially all of CVB’s revenues are obtained from dividends declared and paid by the Bank to CVB. There are statutory and regulatory provisions that could limit the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to CVB. In addition, our regulators could limit the ability of the Bank or CVB to pay dividends or make other distributions.

Below is a summary of our average cash position and statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. For further details, see our “Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows” under Part IV consolidated financial statements of this report.

Consolidated Summary of Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31,
20252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Average cash and cash equivalents$563,139$870,326
Percentage of total average assets3.66%5.39%
Net cash provided by operating activities$221,411$249,765
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(210,311)852,746
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities160,591(1,179,098)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$171,691$(76,587)

Average cash and cash equivalents decreased by $307.2 million, or 35.30%, to $563.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $870.3 million for 2024.

At December 31, 2025, cash and cash equivalents totaled $376.4 million. This represented a increase of $171.7 million, or 83.88%, from $204.7 million at December 31, 2024.

Market Risk

In the normal course of its business activities, we are exposed to market risks, including price and liquidity risk. Market risk is the potential for loss from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates (interest rate risk). Liquidity risk arises from the possibility that we may not be able to satisfy current or future commitments or that we may be more reliant on alternative funding sources such as long-term debt. Financial products that expose us to market risk include securities, loans, deposits, debt, and derivative financial instruments.

The table below provides the actual balances as of December 31, 2025 of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including the average rate earned or incurred for 2025, the projected contractual maturities over the next five years, and the estimated fair value of each category determined using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies.

Maturing
December 31,2025AverageRateOne YearTwo YearsThree YearsFour YearsFive Yearsand BeyondEstimated FairValue
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale (1)$2,683,0702.97%$39,573$28,630$4,611$4,996$2,605,260$2,683,070
Investment securities held-to-maturity (1)2,270,3912.29%25,6195,08818,24921,7992,199,6361,925,492
Investment in FHLB, FRB, and other stock55,9487.77%————55,94855,948
Interest-earning deposits due from Federal Reserve and with other institutions281,9424.31%281,942————281,942
Loans and lease finance receivables (2)8,699,1935.29%1,077,766886,240675,885608,6805,450,6228,591,911
Total interest-earning assets$13,990,544$1,424,900$919,958$698,745$635,475$10,311,466$13,538,363
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits$5,271,2912.07%$5,264,522$4,134$1,262$741$632$5,268,983
Borrowings990,6013.31%790,601200,000———941,735
Total interest-bearing liabilities$6,261,892$6,055,123$204,134$1,262$741$632$6,210,718

(1)

These include mortgage-backed securities which generally prepay before maturity. Includes TE adjustments utilizing a federal statutory rate of 21%.

(2)

Gross loans, at amortized cost.

Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

During periods of changing interest rates, the ability to re-price interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities can influence net interest income, the net interest margin, and consequently, our earnings. Interest rate risk is managed by attempting to control the spread between rates earned on interest-earning assets and the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities within the constraints imposed by market competition in our service area. The primary goal of interest rate risk management is to control exposure to interest rate risk, within policy limits approved by the Board of Directors. These limits and guidelines reflect our risk appetite for interest rate risk over both short-term and long-term horizons. We measure these risks and their impact by identifying and quantifying exposures through the use of sophisticated simulation and valuation models, which, as described in additional detail below, are employed by management to understand net interest income (“NII”) at risk and economic value of equity (“EVE”) at risk. NII at risk sensitivity captures asset and liability repricing mismatches and is considered a shorter term measure, while EVE sensitivity captures mismatches within the period end balance sheets through the financial instruments’ respective maturities or estimated durations and is considered a longer term measure.

One of the primary methods that we use to quantify and manage interest rate risk is simulation analysis, which we use to model NII from the Company’s balance sheet under various interest rate scenarios. We use simulation analysis to project rate sensitive income under many scenarios. The analyses may include rapid and gradual ramping of interest rates, rate shocks, basis risk analysis, and yield curve scenarios. Specific balance sheet management strategies are also analyzed to determine their impact on NII and EVE. Key assumptions in the simulation analysis relate to the behavior of interest rates and pricing spreads, the changes in product balances, and the behavior of loan and deposit clients in different rate environments. This analysis incorporates several assumptions, the most material of which relate to the re-pricing characteristics and balance fluctuations of deposits with indeterminate or non-contractual maturities, and prepayment of loans and securities.

Our interest rate risk policy measures the sensitivity of our net interest income over both a one-year and two-year cumulative time horizon.

The simulation model estimates the impact of changing interest rates on interest income from all interest-earning assets and interest expense paid on all interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our balance sheet. This sensitivity analysis is compared to policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one and two year horizon assuming no balance sheet growth, given a 200 basis point upward and a 200 basis point downward shift in interest rates. The simulation model uses a parallel yield curve shift that ramps rates up or down on a pro rata basis over 12-months and measures the resulting net interest income sensitivity over both the 12-month and 24-month time horizons.

The following depicts the Company’s net interest income sensitivity analysis for the periods presented below, when rates are ramped up 200bps or ramped down 200bps over a 12-month time horizon.

Estimated Net Interest Income Sensitivity (1)
December 31, 2025 · December 31, 2024
Interest Rate Scenario12-month Period24-month Period(Cumulative)Interest Rate Scenario12-month Period24-month Period(Cumulative)
+ 200 basis points3.85%5.71%+ 200 basis points4.66%6.26%
- 200 basis points-2.66%-6.19%- 200 basis points-3.63%-6.36%

(1)

Percentage change from base scenario.

Based on our current simulation models, we believe that the interest rate risk profile of the balance sheet is modestly asset sensitive over both a one-year and a two-year horizon. The estimated sensitivity does not necessarily represent a forecast and the results may not be indicative of actual changes to our net interest income. These estimates are based upon a number of assumptions including: the nature and timing of interest rate levels including yield curve shape, re-pricing characteristics and balance fluctuations of deposits with indeterminate or non-contractual maturities, prepayments on loans and securities, pricing strategies on loans and deposits, and replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While the assumptions used are based on current economic and local market conditions, there is no assurance as to the predictive nature of these conditions including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.

We also perform valuation analysis, which incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all material balance sheet and derivative positions. The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of all asset cash flows and derivative cash flows minus the discounted present value of all liability cash flows, the net of which is referred to as EVE. The sensitivity of EVE to changes in the level of interest rates is a measure of the longer-term re-pricing risk and options risk embedded in the balance sheet. EVE uses instantaneous changes in rates, as shown in the table below. The EVE Ratio represents economic value of equity as a percentage of the discounted present value of all asset cash flows and derivative cash flows. Assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows are critical in the EVE analysis. Particularly important are the assumptions driving prepayments and the expected duration and pricing of the indeterminate deposit portfolios. EVE sensitivity is reported in both upward and downward rate shocks. At December 31, 2025, the EVE profile indicates a decline in the EVE Ratio value due to instantaneous downward and upward changes in rates of 300 or 400 basis points, with either modest decreases or increases in the EVE Ratio under upward and downward rate shocks of 100 and 200 basis points. Compared to December 31, 2024, our EVE sensitivity to rising rates was modestly lower. Overall, our sensitivity of EVE to changes in interest rates is generally modest, with the exception of more meaningful decreases in the EVE Ratio if rates were to immediately decline by 300 or 400 basis points.

Economic Value of Equity Sensitivity

December 31,
20252024
400 bp decrease in interest rates15.9%15.7%
300 bp decrease in interest rates16.6%17.1%
200 bp decrease in interest rates17.8%17.9%
100 bp decrease in interest rates18.6%18.4%
Base19.1%19.0%
100 bp increase in interest rates19.3%19.2%
200 bp increase in interest rates19.2%19.6%
300 bp increase in interest rates18.6%19.8%
400 bp increase in interest rates18.2%20.0%

As EVE measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in EVE does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon (i.e., the current year). Further, EVE does not take into account factors such as future balance sheet growth, changes in asset and liability mix, changes in yield curve relationships, and changing product spreads that could mitigate the adverse impact of changes in interest rates.

Counterparty Risk

Recent developments in the financial markets have placed an increased awareness of Counterparty Risks. These risks occur when a financial institution has an indebtedness or potential for indebtedness to another financial institution. We have assessed our Counterparty Risk with the following results:

We do not have any investments in the preferred stock of any other company;

Most of our investment securities are either municipal securities or securities either issued or guaranteed by government, agencies, including FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA, SBA or FHLB;

All of our commercial line insurance policies are with companies with the highest AM Best ratings of A or above;

We have no significant exposure to our Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance since the Cash Surrender Value balance is predominately supported by insurance companies that carry an AM Best rating of A or greater;

We have no significant Counterparty exposure related to our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments such as interest rate swaps. Our Counterparty is a major financial institution and our agreement requires the Counterparty to post cash collateral for mark-to-market balances due to us;

We believe our risk of loss associated with our counterparty borrowers related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments is generally mitigated as the loans with swaps are underwritten to take into account potential additional exposure;

To manage interest rate risk on our AFS securities portfolio, we have entered into pay-fixed, receive-floating interest rate swap contracts to hedge against exposure to changes in the fair value of such securities resulting from changes in interest rates. These interest rate swap contracts are designated as fair value hedges. Reforms mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act require certain types of derivatives (e.g., interest rate swaps, credit default swaps) to be processed through designated electronic trading platforms and cleared through registered clearing houses. Centrally-cleared derivatives are negotiated between the counterparties but contain standardized terms and are traded through a central clearing house. Because the derivative counterparties are required to post collateral to satisfy the mandatory margin requirements, the counterparties are not subject to counterparty credit risk;

As of December 31, 2025, we had $305.0 million in Fed Funds lines of credit with other major U.S. banks. These lines of credit are available for overnight borrowings; and

At December 31, 2025, we had $500 million in borrowings with the FHLB. Our secured borrowing capacity with the FHLB and FRB totaled $6.08 billion, of which $5.58 billion was available as of December 31, 2025.

Price and Foreign Exchange Risk

Price risk arises from changes in market factors that affect the value of traded instruments. Foreign exchange risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from movements in foreign exchange rates.

Our current exposure to price risk is nominal. We do not have trading accounts. Consequently, the level of price risk within the investment portfolio is limited to the need to sell securities for reasons other than trading.

We maintain limited deposit accounts with various foreign banks. Our Interbank Liability Policy seeks to limit the balance in any of these accounts to an amount that does not in our judgment present a significant risk to our earnings from changes in the value of foreign currencies.

Our asset liability model seeks to calculate the market value of the Bank’s equity. In addition, management prepares, on a monthly basis, a capital volatility report that compares changes in the market value of the investment portfolio. We have as our target to always be well-capitalized by regulatory standards.

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