FATE THERAPEUTICS INC

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Fate Therapeutics, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Fate Therapeutics, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosure to which it relates.

/s/Ernst & Young, LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2009.

San Diego, California

February 26, 2026

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except par value and share data)

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share data)

See accompanying notes

Consolidated Statem ents of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Fate Therapeutics, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on April 27, 2007 and has its principal operations in San Diego, California. The Company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to bringing off-the-shelf, multiplexed-engineered, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cellular immunotherapies to patients.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to product development, raising capital and building infrastructure and has not generated any revenues from any sales of its therapeutic product candidates. To date, the Company’s revenues have been derived from collaboration agreements and government grants.

Corporate Restructuring

In August 2025, the Company implemented a corporate restructuring to streamline operations, reduce operating expenses, and extend cash runway. In connection with the restructuring, the Company committed to a reduction in total workforce. Affected employees were informed on August 12, 2025. The Company incurred charges of $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 for severance and other employee termination-related costs, of which $0.9 million were related to research and development expenses and $0.2 million were related to general and administrative expenses. All restructuring and related expenses have been fully recognized and paid by the Company.

Use of Estimates

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant estimates and assumptions in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to its obligations, contracts containing leases, accrued expenses, and stock price appreciation milestone. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, stock price appreciation milestones, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the relatively short-term nature of those instruments.

The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three- tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available operating accounts, money market accounts and money market funds. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

For each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the restricted cash balance includes a cash-collateralized irrevocable standby letter of credit for $10.2 million associated with the Company’s facilities leases.

Investments

Investments are accounted for as available-for-sale securities and are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. Upon initial recognition of the investment and at each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether any unrealized losses on investments are attributable to a credit loss or other factors. Any unrealized losses attributable to credit loss are recorded through an allowance for credit losses, limited to the amount by which the fair value is below amortized cost, with the offsetting amount recorded in other income or expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Unrealized losses not attributable to an expected credit loss and unrealized gains on investments are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses, if any, on investments classified as available-for-sale securities are included in other income or expense.

The amortized cost of investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion are included in interest income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in interest income.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and investments. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits and investments are held.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generallytwo tofive years) and generally consist of furniture and fixtures, computers, scientific and office equipment. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the associated lease term. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The long-lived asset evaluation is performed at the asset group level (i.e., the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities). Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate from their use and eventual disposition. If the carrying amount is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. During 2024, the Company identified an indicator of impairment of its long-lived assets due to a sustained decline in the trading price of the Company’s common stock over the preceding year, resulting in the Company’s market capitalization being below its net asset value. The Company utilized observed market lease rates for comparable properties to estimate the fair value of the right-of-use asset and leasehold improvements. The Company utilized trend factors applied to historical costs, estimates of economic depreciation, normal useful lives, and benchmark values for orderly liquidations of the assets in secondary markets to estimate the fair value of the property and equipment. As a result of its fair value analysis, the Company recorded a $13.4 million impairment charge on its property and equipment and a $1.3 million impairment charge on its right-of-use asset in the statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2024. No impairment was recorded during the year ended December 31,2025.

Collaborative Arrangements

The Company analyzes its collaboration arrangements to assess whether they are within the scope of ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements (ASC 808), to determine whether such arrangements involve joint operating activities performed by parties that are both active participants in the activities and exposed to significant risks and rewards that are dependent on the commercial success of such activities. To the extent the arrangement is within the scope of ASC 808, the Company assesses whether aspects of the arrangement between the Company and its collaboration partner are within the scope of other accounting literature, including ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). If it is concluded that some or all aspects of the arrangement represent a transaction with a customer, the Company will account for those aspects of the arrangement within the scope of ASC 606.

ASC 808 provides guidance for the presentation and disclosure of transactions in collaborative arrangements, but it does not provide recognition or measurement guidance. Therefore, if the Company concludes a counterparty to a transaction is not a customer or otherwise not within the scope of ASC 606, the Company considers the guidance in other accounting literature as applicable or by analogy to account for such transaction. The classification of transactions under the Company’s arrangements is determined based on the nature and contractual terms of the arrangement along with the nature of the operations of the participants.

Revenue Recognition

The Company analyzes its collaboration arrangements to assess whether they are within the scope of ASC 808, to determine whether such arrangements involve joint operating activities performed by parties that are both active participants in the activities and exposed to significant risks and rewards that are dependent on the commercial success of such activities. If the Company concludes that some or all aspects of the arrangement represent a transaction with a customer, the Company accounts for those aspects of the arrangement within the scope of ASC 606.

For arrangements attributable to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue in a manner that depicts the transfer of control of a product or a service to a customer and reflects the amount of the consideration the Company is entitled to receive in exchange for such product or service. In doing so, the Company follows a five-step approach: (i) identify the contract with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service.

Leases

The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at the inception of the contract. The Company currently has leases related to its facilities leased for office and laboratory space, which are classified as operating leases. These leases result in operating right-of-use (ROU) assets, current operating lease liabilities, and non-current operating lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not have any financing leases. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are considered short-term and ROU assets and lease obligations are not recognized. Payments associated with short-term leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Lease liabilities represent an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease and ROU assets represent the right to use the underlying asset identified in the lease for the lease term. Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid discounted using the discount rate for the lease established at the lease commencement date. To determine the present value, the implicit rate is used when readily determinable. For those leases where the implicit rate is not provided, the Company determines an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. ROU assets are measured as the present value of the lease payments and also include any prepaid lease payments made and any other indirect costs incurred, and exclude any lease incentives received. Lease terms may include the impact of options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expensefor operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company aggregates all lease and non-lease components for each class of underlying assets into a single lease component.

Stock Price Appreciation Milestones

The Company estimates the fair value of the stock price appreciation milestones associated with the Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) using a Monte Carlo simulation model, which relies on the Company’s current stock price as well as significant estimates and assumptions to determine the estimated liability associated with the contingent milestone payments. The Company accounts for the fair value of the stock price appreciation milestones in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, with fair value marked to market at each reporting date. The assumptions used to calculate the fair value of the stock price appreciation milestones are subject to a significant amount of judgment including the probability of achieving a specified clinical milestone, the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, the risk-free interest rate, and the estimated term, which is based in part on the last valid patent claim date. The Company remeasures the fair value of the stock price appreciation milestones at each balance sheet date, with changes in fair value recorded in earnings as non-operating income or expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense represents the cost of the grant date fair value of employee stock option and restricted stock unit grants recognized over the requisite service period of the awards (usually the vesting period) on a straight-line basis. Performance-based stock units/awards represent a right to receive a certain number of shares of the Company’s common stock based on the achievement of corporate performance goals and continued employment during the vesting period. At each reporting period, and to the extent achievement of one or any of the performance conditions is probable, the Company reassesses the probability of the achievement of such corporate performance goals and any increase or decrease in stock-based compensation expense resulting from an adjustment in the estimated shares to be released is treated as a cumulative catch-up in the period of adjustment. For stock awards for which vesting is subject to both performance-based milestones and market conditions, expense is recorded over the derived service period after the point when the achievement of the performance-based milestone is probable or the performance condition has been achieved.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the exception of option grants for which vesting is subject to both performance-based milestones and market conditions, which are valued using a lattice-based model. The fair value of restricted stock units, including performance-based restricted stock units, is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. The Company recognizes forfeitures for all awards as such forfeitures occur.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes net deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If management determines that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, management would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) management determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more- likely-than-not recognition threshold, management recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that ismore than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. Any accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as a change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non‑owner sources. Other comprehensive loss includes unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. The pre-funded warrants associated with the January 2021 public equity offering and the private placement concurrent with the March 2024 public equity offering (see Note 9) are considered outstanding shares in the basic earnings per share calculation given their nominal exercise price. Dilutive common stock equivalents comprise convertible preferred stock, warrants for the purchase of common stock, and common stock options and restricted stock units outstanding under the Company’s stock option plans. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of common shares used to calculate basic and diluted common shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to stockholders for the years ended December 31,2025 and 2024 are calculated as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

Potentially dilutive securities that are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares):

Going Concern Assessment

Substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern exists when relevant conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicate that it is probable that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year from the financial statement issuance date. The Company determined that there are no conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The Company prospectively adopted ASU 2023-09 during the year ended December 31, 2025. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement: Reporting Comprehensive Income- Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires detailed information about specified categories of expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the face of the income statement, as well as disclosures about selling expenses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or (2) retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements disclosures.

2. Collaboration and License Agreements

Ono Collaboration and Option Agreement

On September 14, 2018, the Company entered into a Collaboration and Option Agreement (the Ono Agreement) with Ono Phar maceutical Co., Ltd. (Ono) for the joint development and commercialization of two off-the-shelf, iPSC-derived CAR T-cell product candidates (Candidate 1 and Candidate 2). Pursuant to the terms of the Ono Agreement, the Company received an upfront, non-refundable and non-creditable payment of $10.0 million. Additionally, the Company was entitled to receive funding for the conduct of research and preclinical development under a joint development plan, which fees were estimated to be $20.0 million in aggregate.

In December 2020, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Ono (the Ono Letter Agreement) pursuant to which Ono delivered proprietary antigen binding domains targeting an antigen expressed on certain solid tumors for incorporation into Candidate 2 and paid the Company a milestone fee of $10.0 million for further research and preclinical development of Candidate 2. In addition, Ono terminated all further research and preclinical development with respect to Candidate 1, and the Company retained all rights to research, develop and commercialize Candidate 1 throughout the world without any obligation to Ono.

In June 2022, the Company entered into an amendment with Ono to the Ono Agreement (the 2022 Ono Amendment). Pursuant to the 2022 Ono Amendment, the companies agreed to designate an additional antigen expressed on certain solid tumors for research and preclinical development, and Ono agreed to contribute proprietary antigen binding domains targeting such additional solid tumor antigen (Candidate 3). In addition, for both Candidate 2 and Candidate 3, Ono and the Company expanded the scope of the collaboration to include the research and preclinical development of iPSC-derived CAR NK cell product candidates (in addition to iPSC-derived CAR T-cell product candidates) targeting the designated solid tumor antigens. Similar to Candidate 2, the Company granted to Ono, during a specified period of time, a preclinical option (Candidate 3 Development Option) to obtain an exclusive license under certain intellectual property rights, subject to payment of an option exercise fee to the Company by Ono, to further develop and commercialize Candidate 3 in all territories of the world, where the Company retains rights to co-develop and co-commercialize Candidate 3 in the United States and Europe under a joint arrangement with Ono pursuant to which the Company is eligible to share at least 50% of the profits and losses. The Candidate 3 Development Option represents an option with no material right. Under the 2022 Ono Amendment, aggregate estimated research and preclinical development fees were increased by approximately $9.3 million, for a total estimated $29.3 million in aggregate research and preclinical development fees over the course of the joint development plan.

In November 2022, Ono exercised its option to obtain a license to develop and commercialize Candidate 2 (the Candidate 2 Development Option). The Company exercised its option (the CDCC Option) to co-develop and co-commercialize Candidate 2 in the United States and Europe. As a result, the Company recognized an option exercise fee of $12.5 million from Ono during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company received the option exercise fee payment during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company and Ono are proceeding under a joint development plan for the ongoing development of Candidate 2. At the inception of the Ono Agreement, the Company determined the Candidate 2 Development Option represented an option with no material right that is distinct and separable from the ongoing development of Candidate 2 being performed by the parties. As such, the option exercise was treated as a separate contract with a single performance obligation of granting and delivering Ono a license to further develop and commercialize Candidate 2. The Company has completed its performance obligation with respect to the Candidate 2 Development Option and accordingly, recognized the Option Exercise Payment as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. The costs of this joint development plan are accounted for in accordance with ASC 808, and cost sharing payments to the Company from Ono are recorded net into research and development expenses. In addition, in connection with the ongoing joint development of Candidate 2, the Company is eligible to receive additional payments upon the achievement of certain clinical, regulatory, and commercial milestones (as further described below).

In November 2023, the Company entered into an amendment with Ono to the Ono Agreement (the 2023 Ono Amendment). Under the 2023 Ono Amendment, aggregate estimated research and preclinical development fees payable by Ono to the Company for Candidate 3 were increased by approximately $1.4 million, for a total estimated $30.7 million in aggregate research and preclinical development fees over the course of the joint development plan.

In May 2024, following Ono’s exercise of the Candidate 2 Development Option and grant of the development and commercialization license, the Company achieved a $5.0 million clinical development milestone for Candidate 2 and the Company recognized such amount as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

In August 2024, the Company entered into an amendment with Ono to the Ono Agreement (the 2024 Ono Amendment). Under the 2024 Ono Amendment, aggregate estimated research and preclinical development fees payable by Ono to the Company for Candidate 3 were increased by approximately $7.3 million, for a total estimated $38.0 million in aggregate research and preclinical development fees over the course of the joint development plan.

In June 2025, the Company entered into an amendment with Ono to the Ono Agreement (the 2025 Ono Amendment, and collectively with the 2024 Ono Amendment, 2023 Ono Amendment, and 2022 Ono Amendment, the Ono Amendments). Under the 2025 Ono Amendment, aggregate estimated research and preclinical development fees payable by Ono to the Company for Candidate 3 were increased by approximately $6.5 million, for a total estimated $44.5 million in aggregate research and preclinical development fees over the course of the joint development plan. The Company will continue to receive committed funding under the joint development plan from Ono through June 2026. The Candidate 3 Development Option expires upon the achievement of the pre-defined preclinical milestone under the joint development plan.

Under the terms of the Ono Agreement (as amended by the Ono Amendments), for Candidate 2 and for Candidate 3 (subject to exercise by Ono of its Candidate 3 Development Option), the Company is eligible to receive additional payments upon the achievement of certain clinical, regulatory and commercial milestones (the Ono Milestones) with respect to each Candidate in an amount up to $843.0 million in aggregate, with the applicable milestone payments for the United States and Europe subject to reduction by 50% if the Company elects to co-develop and co-commercialize the Candidate in the United States and Europe as described above. In addition, in those territories where Ono has exclusive rights of commercialization, the Company is eligible to receive tiered royalties (Royalties) ranging from the mid-single digits to the low-double digits based on annual net sales by Ono for each Candidate in such territories, with the Royalties subject to certain reductions.

The Ono Agreement will terminate with respect to a Candidate if Ono does not exercise its development option for the applicable candidate within the option period, or in its entirety if Ono does not exercise any of its development options for the Candidates within their respective option periods. In addition, either party may terminate the Ono Agreement in the event of breach, insolvency or patent challenges by the other party; provided, that Ono may terminate the Ono Agreement in its sole discretion (x) on a Candidate-by-Candidate basis at any time after the second anniversary of the effective date of the Ono Agreement or (y) on a Candidate-by-Candidate or country-by-country basis at any time after the expiration of the development option period, subject to certain limitations. The Ono Agreement will expire on a Candidate-by-Candidate and country-by-country basis upon the expiration of the applicable royalty term, or in its entirety upon the expiration of all applicable payment obligations under the agreement.

The Company determined that the Ono Agreement, Ono Letter Agreement, and Ono Amendments (collectively, the Ono Arrangement) were within the scope of ASC 808 and applicable to such guidance. The Company concluded that certain units of account, specifically the grant of a research license to certain intellectual property and the performance of research and preclinical development, within the Ono Arrangement represented a customer relationship and applied relevant guidance from ASC 606 to evaluate the appropriate accounting for those units of account. In accordance with this guidance, the Company identified its promised goods and services, including its grant of a research license to Ono to certain of its intellectual property subject to certain conditions, its conduct of research and preclinical development services, and its participation in a joint steering committee. The Company determined that its grant of a research license to Ono to certain of its intellectual property was not distinct from its conduct of research and preclinical development services and participation in a joint steering committee. Accordingly, the Company determined that the research license, the research and preclinical development services, and the participation in a joint steering committee during the development option period, should be accounted for as one combined performance obligation, and that the combined performance obligation is transferred over the expected term of the conduct of the research and preclinical development services. The Company also determined that, subject to the guidance of ASC 606, the license to develop and commercialize Candidate 2 upon exercise of the Candidate 2 Development Option was distinct and separable from the development and commercialization activities, which are accounted for under ASC 808. The termination of the Ono Agreement with respect to Candidate 1 did not impact this assessment.

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company determined that the amended transaction price for research and preclinical development under the Ono Arrangement equaled $54.5 million, consisting of the upfront, non-refundable and non-creditable payment of $10.0 million and the aggregate estimated research and preclinical development fees of $44.5 million. The Company also concluded that the milestone fee of $10.0 million paid by Ono to the Company for further research and preclinical development of Candidate 2 represented a variable consideration that was previously constrained. Both the upfront payment of $10.0 million and the Candidate 2 milestone fee of $10.0 million were recorded as deferred revenue and were recognized as revenue over time in conjunction with the Company’s conduct of research and preclinical development services based on actual costs incurred as a percentage of the estimated total costs expected to be incurred over the expected term of conduct of the research and preclinical development services. The Company recorded the $5.0 million prepayment of the first-year research and preclinical development fees as deferred revenue, and such fees were recognized as revenue as the research and preclinical development services were delivered.

The Company recognized revenue of $6.6 million and $13.6 million under the Ono Arrangement during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2025, all of such revenue was associated with research and preclinical development services. During the year ended December 31, 2024, such revenue comprised $8.6 million associated with research and preclinical development services, and $5.0 million associated with the achievement of a clinical development milestone.

The Company recognized contra-research and development expense of $5.7 million associated with the joint development of Candidate 2 under the Ono Arrangement for the year ended December 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized contra-research and development expense of $5.1 million.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center License Agreement

On May 15, 2018, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement (the Amended MSKCC License) with MSKCC. The Amended MSKCC License amends and restates the Exclusive License Agreement entered into between the Company and MSKCC on August 19, 2016 (the Original MSKCC License), pursuant to which the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with MSKCC for rights relating to compositions and methods covering iPSC-derived cellular immunotherapy, including T-cells and NK-cells derived from iPSCs engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs).

Pursuant to the Amended MSKCC License, MSKCC granted to the Company additional licenses to certain patents and patent applications relating to new CAR constructs and off-the-shelf CAR T-cells, including the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and other innovative technologies for their production, in each case to research, develop, and commercialize licensed products in the field of all human therapeutic uses worldwide. The Company has the right to grant sublicenses to certain licensed rights in accordance with the terms of the Amended MSKCC License, in which case it is obligated to pay MSKCC a percentage of certain sublicense income received by the Company.

The Company is obligated to pay MSKCC an annual license maintenance fee during the term of the agreement, milestone payments upon the achievement of specified clinical, regulatory and commercial milestones for licensed products as well as royalty payments on net sales of licensed products.

In the event a licensed product achieves a specified clinical milestone, MSKCC is then eligible to receive certain milestone payments totaling up to $75.0 million based on the price of the Company’s common stock, where the amount of such payments owed to MSKCC is contingent upon certain increases in the price of the Company’s common stock following the date of achievement of such clinical milestone. These payments are based on common stock price multiples, with the numerator being the fair value of the ten-trading day trailing average closing price of the Company’s common stock and the denominator being the ten-trading day trailing average closing price of the Company’s common stock as of the effective date of the Amended MSKCC License, adjusted for any stock splits, cash dividends, stock dividends, other distributions, combinations, recapitalizations, or similar events. Under the terms of the Amended MSKCC License, upon a change of control of the Company, in certain circumstances, the Company may be required to pay a portion of these payments to MSKCC based on the price of the Company’s common stock in connection with such change of control.

The following table summarizes the common stock multiples and the stock price appreciation milestone payments under the terms of the Amended MSKCC License:

In July 2021, the Company achieved the specified clinical milestone for a licensed product under the Amended MSKCC License and the Company’s ten-trading day trailing average common stock price exceeded the first, pre-specified threshold. As a result, the Company remitted the first milestone payment of $20.0 million to MSKCC during the year ended December 31, 2021.

To determine the estimated fair value of the remaining stock price appreciation milestones, the Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation methodology which models future Company common stock prices based on the current stock price and several key variables. The following variables were incorporated in the calculation of the estimated fair value of the stock price appreciation milestones as of December 31, 2025:

The key inputs to the Monte Carlo simulation to determine the fair value of the stock price appreciation milestones include the Company’s stock price as of the measurement date; the estimated term which is based in part on the last valid patent claim date; the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, estimated using the Company’s historical common stock volatility as of the remeasurement date; and the risk-free rate based on the U.S. Treasury yield for the estimated term determined. Fair value measurements are highly sensitive to changes in these inputs and significant changes could result in a significantly higher or lower fair value and resulting expense or gain.

At each balance sheet date, the Company remeasures the fair value of the stock price appreciation milestones, with changes in fair value recognized as a component of other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Amounts are included in current or non-current liabilities based on the estimated timeline associated with the individual potential payments. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded$0.2 million and $0.8 million of income, respectively, associated with the change in fair value of the stock price appreciation milestones. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded a liability of$0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, associated with the stock price appreciation milestones for the Amended MSKCC License.

3. California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Award

FT819 CIRM Award

In February 2024, the Company was awarded $7.9 million from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) to support the conduct of the Company’s Phase 1 study of FT819 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and, in April 2024, the Company executed an award agreement with CIRM (the FT819 CIRM Award). Pursuant to the terms of the FT819 CIRM Award, the Company is eligible to receive five disbursements in varying amounts from CIRM, with one disbursement receivable upon the execution of the award and four disbursements receivable based upon the completion of certain development milestones throughout the period of the award, which is estimated to be from April 1, 2024 to March 31, 2028 (the Award Period). Under the FT819 CIRM Award, the Company has certain obligations of co-funding and is required to provide CIRM progress and financial update reports throughout the Award Period.

Following the conclusion of the Award Period, the Company, in its sole discretion, has the option to treat the FT819 CIRM Award either as a loan or as a grant. If the Company does not elect to treat the FT819 CIRM Award as a loan within 10 years of the award date, the award will be considered a grant and the Company will be obligated to pay CIRM, on a quarterly basis, a low single-digit royalty on commercial sales of FT819 until such aggregate royalty payments equal nine times the total amount awarded to the Company under the FT819 CIRM Award.

Since the Company may, at its election, repay some or all of the FT819 CIRM Award, the Company accounts for the award as a liability until the time of election. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has received three disbursements under the FT819 CIRM Award in the aggregate amount of $6.6 million, which amount is recorded as a liability on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025, the total amount received is recorded as a CIRM liability in the consolidated balance sheets, with $5.3 million classified as current and the remaining $1.3 million as non-current, based on the portion expected to be payable within twelve months from the balance sheet date.

FT836 CIRM Award

In January 2025, the Company was awarded $4.0 million from CIRM to support the conduct of preclinical and Investigational New Drug (IND)-enabling activities for FT836, and in May 2025, the Company executed an award agreement with CIRM (the FT836 CIRM Award). Pursuant to the terms of the FT836 CIRM Award, the Company is eligible to receive four disbursements in varying amounts from CIRM, with one disbursement receivable upon the execution of the award and three disbursements receivable based upon the completion of certain development milestones throughout the period of the award, which lasted from May 1, 2025 to October 31, 2025 (the FT836 Award Period). Under the FT836 CIRM Award, the Company has certain obligations of co-funding and is required to provide CIRM progress and financial update reports throughout the FT836 Award Period.

The Company, in its sole discretion, has the option to treat the FT836 CIRM Award either as a loan or as a grant. If the Company does not elect to treat the FT836 CIRM Award as a loan within 10 years of the award date, the award will be considered a grant and the Company will be obligated to pay CIRM, on a quarterly basis, a low single-digit royalty on commercial sales of FT836 until such aggregate royalty payments equal nine times the total amount awarded to the Company under the FT836 CIRM Award.

Since the Company may, at its election, repay some or all of the FT836 CIRM Award, the Company accounts for the award as a liability until the time of election. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has received four disbursements under the FT836 CIRM Award in the aggregate amount of $4.0 million. As of December 31, 2025, the total amount received is recorded as a CIRM liability in the consolidated balance sheets, with $3.2 million classified as current and the remaining $0.8 million as non-current, based on the portion expected to be payable within twelve months from the balance sheet date.

4. Investments

The Company invests portions of excess cash in United States treasuries, commercial paper, non-U.S. government securities, municipal securities, and corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from three to thirty-six months from the purchase date. These investments are accounted for as available-for-sale securities and are classified as short-term and long-term investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on each security’s contractual maturity date. There were no significant realized losses on available-for-sale securities during the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the Company did not intend to sell the investments in an unrealized loss position and it was unlikely that the Company will be required to sell the investments before the recovery of their amortized cost basis.

The following table summarizes the Company’s investments accounted for as available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had $0.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively, of accrued interest on investments recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company reviews its investment holdings at the end of each reporting period and evaluates any unrealized losses using the expected credit loss model to determine if the unrealized loss is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The Company also evaluates its investment holdings for impairment using a variety of factors including the Company’s intent to sell the underlying securities prior to maturity and whether it is more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized basis. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company didnot recognize any impairment or realized gains or losses on sales of investments, and the Company didnot record an allowance for, or recognize, any expected credit losses.

5. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

Level 1 assets consisted of money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities measured at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets as provided by the Company’s investment managers.

Level 2 assets consisted of corporate debt securities, commercial paper, municipal securities, and non-U.S. government securities measured at fair value using standard observable inputs, including reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, and bids and/or offers. The Company validates the quoted market prices provided by its investment managers by comparing the investment managers’

assessment of the fair values of the Company’s investment portfolio balance against the fair values of the Company’s investment portfolio balance obtained from an independent source.

There were no Level 3 assets held by the Company as of December 31, 2025.

Level 3 liabilities consisted of stock price appreciation milestones associated with the Amended MSKCC License as described in detail in Note 2.

The following table presents the changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 stock price appreciation milestones liability (in thousands):

None of the Company’s non-financial assets or liabilities are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. No transfers between levels have occurred during the periods presented.

6. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $13.4 million of long-lived asset impairment described in Note 1 above, which was calculated as the difference between the fair value of the assets and its carrying value. The cost basis for these assets was updated to fair value. The fair value was based on a cost approach which utilized Level 3 non-recurring fair value inputs and assumptions.

Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $12.9 million and $19.0 million, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

7. Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses

Current accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

8. Leases

The Company has lease agreements for office, laboratory and manufacturing spaces that are classified as operating leases on the consolidated balance sheets. These leases have original terms varying from six to approximately sixteen years, with renewal options of up toten years, as well as early termination options. Extension and termination options are included in the total lease term when the Company is reasonably certain to exercise them. The leases are subject to additional variable charges, including common area maintenance, property taxes, property insurance and other variable costs. Given the variable nature of such costs, they are recognized as expense as incurred. Additionally, some of the Company’s leases are subject to certain fixed fees which the Company has determined to be non-lease components. The Company has elected to combine and account for lease and non-lease components as a single-lease component for purposes of determining the total future lease payments.

In October 2024, the Company exercised its right of early termination for its Torrey Pines operating lease, which consists of 72,000 square feet of office, laboratory, and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) space. In connection with such exercise, the Company paid $2.5 million to its landlord during the year ended December 31, 2024. Termination of the lease, which previously extended through December 31, 2028, took effect on October 31, 2025.

As of December 31, 2025, future undiscounted minimum contractual payments under the Company’s operating leases were$119.3 million, which will be paid over a remaining weighted-average lease term of 10.1 years. The weighted-average discount rate for the operating lease liabilities was 8.5%, which was the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement, as the discount rates implicit in the leases could not be readily determined.

The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Future undiscounted minimum payments under the Company’s operating leases as of December 31, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):

As described in Note 1 above, the Company incurred a $1.3 million impairment charge against its right-of-use asset during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company applied a discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of the right-of-use asset, which represents Level 3 non-recurring fair value measurements. The estimated fair value of the was determined by discounting the estimated rental rates using market participant assumptions. No such expense was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company’s estimates and assumptions used to determine the estimated fair value of the asset group is subject to risks, uncertainties, and changes in circumstances that may result in adjustments and material changes to the estimated fair values in future periods.

9. Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

Convertible Preferred Stock

In November 2016, the Company completed a private placement of stock in which investors, including investors affiliated with the directors and officers of the Company, purchased convertible preferred stock and common stock of the Company (the November 2016 Placement). The Company issued 2,819,549 shares of Class A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (the Class A Preferred), at $13.30 per share, each of which is convertible into five shares of common stock upon certain conditions defined in the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Class A Preferred filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on November 22, 2016 (the CoD). The Class A Preferred were purchased exclusively by entities affiliated with Redmile Group, LLC (collectively, Redmile). The terms of the CoD prohibited Redmile from converting the Class A Preferred into shares of the Company’s common stock if, as a result of conversion, Redmile, together with its affiliates, would own more than 9.99% of the Company’s common stock then issued and outstanding (the Redmile Percentage Limitation), which percentage could change at Redmile’s election upon 61 days’ notice to the Company to (i) any other number less than or equal to 19.99% or (ii) subject to approval of the Company’s stockholders to the extent required in accordance with the Nasdaq Global Market rules, any number in excess of 19.99%. On May 2, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the issuance of up to an aggregate of 14,097,745 shares of common stock upon the conversion of the outstanding shares of Class A Preferred. As a result, Redmile has the right to increase the Redmile Percentage Limitation to any percentage in excess of 19.99% at its election. The Company also issued 7,236,837 shares of common stock at $2.66 per share as part of the November 2016 Placement. In April 2023, the Company filed with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class A Convertible Preferred Stock which amends the definition of Beneficial Ownership Limitation to be 14.99% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to a Notice of Conversion. In April 2023,33,441 shares of Class A Preferred were converted into 167,205 shares of the Company’s common stock. In December 2024,6,022 shares of the Class A Preferred were converted into 30,110 shares of the Company’s common stock. In July 2025, Redmile provided the Company with notice of its intent to increase the Redmile Percentage Limitation from 9.99% to 14.99%, which became effective August 31, 2025.

The Class A Preferred are non-voting shares and are convertible into five shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $2.66 per share, which was the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance. Holders of the Class A Preferred have the same dividend rights as holders of the Company’s common stock. Additionally, the liquidation preferences of the Class A Preferred arepari passu among holders of the Company’s common stock and holders of the Class A Preferred, pro rata based on the number of shares held by each such holder (treated for this purpose as if the Class A Preferred had been converted to common stock).

Stock Option and Incentive Plans and Inducement Equity Plan

2022 Stock Option and Incentive Plan

On June 9, 2022, the Company adopted the 2022 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (as amended and restated to date, the 2022 Plan). The 2022 Plan initially authorized 9.5 million shares, and in June 2024 and May 2025, stockholders approved an additional 8,000,000 and 7,000,000 shares respectively, of common stock for issuance and allows for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance-based awards, and other awards to individuals who are then employees, officers, directors or consultants of the Company. The shares of common stock underlying any awards from the 2022 Plan and a previously existing equity plan from 2013 or 2007 that are forfeited, cancelled, held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired by us prior to vesting, satisfied without any issuance of common stock, expire or are otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) are added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2022 Plan.

Recipients of stock options under the 2022 Plan shall be eligible to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to no less than the estimated fair value of such stock on the date of grant. Under the 2022 Plan, stock options generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the original vesting date, with the balance vesting monthly over the remaining three years, or vest monthly over four years, unless they contain specific performance and/or market-based vesting provisions. The maximum term of stock options granted under the 2022 Plan isten years. Under the 2022 Plan, restricted stock units generally vest annually over four years. Performance-based stock units/awards vest upon the achievement of certain pre-defined company-specific performance-based clinical achievement criteria.

Inducement Plan

On May 10, 2016, the Company’s board of directors approved the Fate Therapeutics, Inc. Inducement Equity Plan (the Inducement Plan), the purpose of which is to enable the Company to grant equity awards to induce highly-qualified prospective officers and employees who are not employed by the Company to accept employment with the Company. Under the Inducement Plan, the Company may grant non-qualified stock options and restricted stock units. A total of 500,000 shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the Inducement Plan. In January 2021, March 2020, January 2019, and October 2025, an additional 300,000 shares,470,822 shares,200,000 shares, and 1,750,000 shares, respectively, of common stock were reserved for issuance under the Inducement Plan. The shares of common stock underlying any awards from the Inducement Plan that are forfeited, cancelled, held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired by us prior to vesting, satisfied without any issuance of common stock, expire or are otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) under the Inducement Plan will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the Inducement Plan.

Pre-Funded Warrants

In January 2021, in conjunction with a public offering, the Company issued pre-funded warrants, in lieu of common stock to certain investors, to purchase 257,310 shares of the Company’s common stock (the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants). The purchase price for the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants was $85.499 per pre-funded warrant, which equals the per share public offering price for the shares of common stock less the $0.001 exercise price for each such pre-funded warrant. Given that the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants are indexed to the Company’s own shares of common stock (and otherwise meet the requirements to be classified in equity), the Company recorded the consideration received from the issuance of the warrants as additional paid-in capital on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

In March 2024, in conjunction with a public offering, the Company issued in a private placement, in lieu of common stock to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,636,364 shares of the Company’s common stock (2024 Pre-Funded Warrants, and collectively with the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants). The purchase price for the 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants was $5.499 per pre-funded warrant, which equals the per share public offering price for the shares of common stock issued in the March 2024 public offering, less the $0.001 exercise price for each such pre-funded warrant. Given that the 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants are indexed to the Company’s own shares of common stock (and otherwise meet the requirements to be classified in equity), the Company recorded the consideration received from the issuance of the warrants as additional paid-in capital on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable at any time after the date of issuance. A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants may not exercise the Pre-Funded Warrant if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.99% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants may increase or decrease this percentage not in excess of 19.99% by providing at least 61 days’ prior notice to the Company.

As of December 31, 2025, there were 3,893,674 Pre-Funded Warrants outstanding.

Stock Options and Restricted Stock Unit Awards

Stock Options. The following table summarizes stock option activity and related information under all equity plans for the year ended December 31, 2025:

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted per share was equal to$1.01 and $4.89, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding options was$5.1 million and $15.4 million, respectively, which was expected to be recognized as expense over approximately 1.7 years and 1.6 years, respectively.

The total intrinsic value, which is the amount by which the exercise price was exceeded by the price of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise, of stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2025 was $0.1 million. As of December 31, 2024, all outstanding options had an exercise price above the Company's common stock price and thereforeno intrinsic value.

Restricted Stock Units. The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity and related information under all equity plans for the year ended December 31, 2025:

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding restricted stock units (excluding those with unachieved performance-based conditions) was$10.8 million and $31.4 million, respectively, which was expected to be recognized as expense over approximately 1.6 years and 1.7 years, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2021,1,997,377 performance-based restricted stock units (PRSUs) were granted, none of which have vested as of December 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company granted 300,000 performance-based restricted stock units were granted, none of which have vested as of December 31, 2025. There were 895,624 and 1,062,607 PRSUs outstanding at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The allocation of stock-based compensation for all stock awards is as follows (in thousands):

Stock Option Grants Valuation. The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee and nonemployee stock option grants were as follows:

Risk-free interest rate. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate assumption on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected term of the stock option grants.

Expected dividend yield. The Company bases the expected dividend yield assumption on the fact that it has never paid cash dividends and has no present intention to pay cash dividends.

Expected volatility. The Company based the expected volatility on the historical volatility of its common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term of the Company’s stock options, as the Company determined there was sufficient operating history and company-specific historical volatility to estimate the expected volatility.

Expected term. The expected term represents the period of time that options are expected to be outstanding. The Company estimated the expected term using historical experience and anticipated future exercise behavior.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance is as follows:

10. Income Taxes

The Company incurredno current or deferred federal or state tax expense during the periods presented. The only tax expense is related to state minimum taxes.

The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s expected federal income tax provision (benefit) to the actual income tax provision (in thousands) (after the adoption of ASU 2023-09):

(1)The state of California comprises greater than 50% of the Company’s state tax benefit.

The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s expected federal income tax provision (benefit) to the actual income tax provision (in thousands) (prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09):

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Income taxes paid or refunded consist of the following as of:

A valuation allowance of $388.0 million and$362.1 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, has been established to offset the deferred tax assets, as realization of such assets is uncertain.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had federal and state net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of $879.1 million and $773.3 million, respectively, which may be available to offset future taxable income. The federal and California NOL carryforwards begin to expire in 2027 and 2028, respectively, unless previously utilized. At December 31, 2025, the Company had federal and California research and development (R&D) credit carryforwards of $48.5 million and $40.1 million, respectively. The federal R&D tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2035 unless previously utilized. The California R&D credit carryforwards will carry forward indefinitely.

Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the Code), substantial changes in the Company’s ownership may limit the amount of net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards that could be used annually in the future to offset taxable income. The tax benefits related to future utilization of federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, credit carryforwards, and other deferred tax assets may be limited or lost if cumulative changes in ownership exceeds 50% within any three-year period. The Company completed a study to assess whether an ownership change, as defined by Section 382 of the Code, had occurred from the Company’s formation through December 31, 2015. Based upon this study, the Company determined that several ownership changes had occurred. Accordingly, the Company reduced its deferred tax assets related to the federal NOL carryforwards and the federal R&D credit carryforwards that are anticipated to expire unused as a result of these ownership changes. These tax attributes were excluded from deferred tax assets with a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance with no net effect on income tax expense or the effective tax rate. The Company updated the study December 31, 2025 and concluded there were no ownership changes during 2025. Future ownership changes may further limit the Company’s ability to utilize its remaining tax attributes.

The Company files income tax returns in the United States, various state jurisdictions, and the Netherlands with varying statutes of limitations. The Company currently has no years under examination by any jurisdiction; however, the Company is subject to income tax examination by federal and state tax authorities for years beginning in 2022 and 2021, respectively. However, to the extent allowed by law, the taxing authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where NOLs and tax credits were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the carryforwards.

The change in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits is summarized as follows (in thousands):

Due to the valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s deferred tax assets, none of the total unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2025 would reduce the effective tax rate if recognized. The Company has not recognized interest or penalties in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss since inception. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. The Company hasnot recognized interest or penalties related to income tax matters in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss since inception.

11. Segment Reporting

The Company hasone reportable segment relating to its operations. The segment derives its current revenues from research and development collaborations.

The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (the CODM), its Chief Executive Officer, manages the Company’s operations on an integrated basis for the purposes of allocating resources. When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM reviews total revenues, total expenses and expenses by certain categories and makes decisions using this information.

The table below is a summary of the segment profit or loss, including significant segment expenses (in thousands):

(1)Other segment expenses include stock compensation expense, depreciation, legal fees, general & administrative expenses, and corporate expenses.

12. Employee Benefits

Effective January 1, 2009, the Company adopted a defined contribution 401(k) plan for employees who are at least 21 years of age. Employees are eligible to participate in the plan beginning on the first day of the calendar quarter following date of hire. Under the terms of the plan, employees may make voluntary contributions as a percent of compensation. The Company makes discretionary contributions to the 401(k) Plan equal to 100 percent of each employee’s pretax contributions up to 20 percent of the IRS Standard Limit. The Company’s total contributions to the 401(k) Plan were $0.6 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

License Agreements

The Company has entered into exclusive license agreements with certain academic institutions and universities pursuant to which the Company acquired certain intellectual property. Pursuant to each agreement, as consideration for an exclusive license to the intellectual property, the Company paid a license fee, reimbursed the institution for historical patent costs and, in certain instances, issued the institution shares of restricted common stock. Additionally, under each agreement, the institution is generally eligible to receive future consideration including, but not limited to, annual maintenance fees, royalties, milestone payments and sublicensing fees. Each of the license agreements is generally cancelable by the Company, given appropriate prior written notice. Minimum annual payments to maintain these cancelable licenses total an aggregate of $0.4 million. See Note 2 for additional information on certain licenses.

Litigation

On January 20, 2023, a purported stockholder of the Company filed a securities class action lawsuit against the Company and certain of its officers captioned Hadian v. Fate Therapeutics, Inc. et al. in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (the Securities Action). On May 4, 2023, the court appointed a different purported stockholder of the Company to serve as lead plaintiff in the Securities Action. On July 24, 2023, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint. The amended complaint alleged that the Company violated the federal securities laws by making allegedly false and/or misleading statements and/or omissions in its public disclosures dating back to August 2020 relating to our collaboration agreement with Janssen Biotech, Inc. (the Janssen Agreement), potential product candidates subject to the Janssen Agreement, and the termination of the Janssen Agreement. On September 22, 2023, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On September 19, 2024, the court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the amended complaint, with leave for plaintiff to file a second amended complaint. On October 18, 2024, the lead plaintiff filed a second amended complaint alleging substantially similar facts and claims as in the prior amended complaint. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint on November 18, 2024, and briefing on the motion was completed on January 21, 2025. On September 22, 2025, the court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the second amended complaint, with leave for plaintiff to file a third amended complaint. On October 17, 2025, the plaintiff filed a third amended complaint. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the third amended complaint on November 17, 2025. Plaintiff filed an opposition brief on December 18, 2025. On January 15, 2026, the Company filed its reply in support of its motion to dismiss. The Company intends to continue to vigorously defend against this action.

On June 2, 2023, a derivative complaint, captioned Guarino v. Wolchko, et al., was filed by a purported stockholder of the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (the Guarino Action). On June 12, 2024, an additional derivative complaint, captioned Horrobin v. Wolchko, et al., was filed by a purported stockholder of the Company in the same district (the Horrobin Action). On December 2, 2024, the court entered an order consolidating the Guarino Action and the Horrobin Action under the caption In re Fate Therapeutics, Inc. Derivative Litigation (the Derivative Action) and staying the Derivative Action pending the court’s decision on the Company's motion to dismiss the second amended complaint in the Securities Action. On September 22, 2025, the stay of the consolidated case automatically expired when the decision dismissing the second amended complaint in the Securities Action was issued. On October 24, 2025, the court extended the stay pending the court’s decision on the Company's anticipated motion to dismiss the third amended complaint. The court's ruling on the motion is pending. The Derivative Action names members of the Company's board of directors and certain officers as defendants. The Company is also named as a nominal defendant. The plaintiffs in the Derivative Actions assert derivative claims arising out of substantially the same alleged facts and circumstances as the Securities Action. The Guarino complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and violation of federal securities laws. The Horrobin complaint asserts substantially similar claims in addition to a claim of breach of fiduciary duty for insider trading. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the Derivative Action.

On December 17, 2025, a derivative complaint, captioned West v. Wolchko, et al., was filed by a purported stockholder of the Company in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the West Action). The West Action names certain current and former members of the Company’s board of directors and certain current and former officers as defendants. The Company is also named as a nominal defendant. The plaintiff in the West Action asserts derivative claims for breach of fiduciary duty and insider trading arising out of substantially the same alleged facts and circumstances as the Securities Action. On January 16, 2026, the court entered an order staying the West Action until the earliest of the following events: (i) the public announcement of any settlement in the Securities Action; (ii) a ruling on the motion to dismiss the second amended complaint in the Securities Action; or (iii) the dismissal of the Securities Action with prejudice and exhaustion of all related appeals. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the West Action.

From time to time, the Company may be subject to various other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities.